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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the treatment effects of chronic ulcer in diabetic rats with asiaticosides.METHODS Totally 38 male CL grade SD rats were randomly divided into normal group and model group, and were feed in metabolic cage separately. The low (22.29 mg??cm^-2), medium (111.45 mg??cm^-2) and high (222.93 mg??cm^-2) dose of centella triterpenes cream were characterized and tested on excision ulcer wounds of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. After treatment, the weight, blood glucose, water intake and total urine output were measured in 3, 7, 10 and 14 d respectively. The wound healing rate was evaluated by image processing software of Adobe Photoshop CS5. Histopathological studies were conducted on the healed wound tissues to observe for epithelisation, fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis. RESULTS It was found that at all time points the areas of wounds treated with asiaticosides were smaller compared with the controls. The expression of weight, water intake, total urine output and blood glucose increased statistically in the model group (P<0.05).Pathological results showed much better healing efficacy for the test samples compared with the control ones(P??0.05). The middle dose of centella triterpenes cream was the best (P<0.01). Histopathological studies had also shown that centella triterpenes cream treated wounds exhibited re-epithelisation, higher fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis. At 14 days post excision, the medium centella triterpenes cream treated group achieved complete repair. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that asiaticosides may have a potential application in the treatment of diabetic ulcers and chronic wound healing.     

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??OBJECTIVE To explore whether knockdown serglycin's expression level in MDA-MB-231 cells by transient transfection can improve the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to the doxorubicin.METHODS At first, qRT-PCR,Western-Blot and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression level in two different cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. Then serglycin's expression level in MDA-MB-231 was knocked down by using transient transfection, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence were used to test the efficiency of this approach; and then, between the NC group and the Si-SG group, MTS was used to measure the IC₅₀ of doxorubicin and the proliferation curve under the treatment of the doxorubicin. Also the numbers of colony formation in this two groups was observed when treating with different concentration of doxorubicin. RESULTS It was found that in these two cells, the expression of serglycin in MDA-MB-231 is significantly higher than MCF-7. The efficiency of knockdown in MDA-MB-231 is above 70%. In Si-SG group, the IC₅₀ and the growth curve under treatment with doxorubicin is significantly lower than the NC group. Same RESULTS can be found in the colony formation assay, when treating with the doxorubicin, the decreasing rate of colony numbers is significantly quicker in the Si-SG group than NC group. CONCLUSION Knockdown serglycin's expression level in MDA-MB-231 cells by transient transfection can improve the sensitivity to the doxorubicin.     

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??OBJECTIVE To establish the ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)fingerprint of Xianling Gubao Capsules (XLGB), and evaluate the product quality by chemometrics analysis method. METHODS The method was developed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP₁₈ column (2.1 mm??50 mm, 1.7 ??m) by gradient elution with acetonitrile-water [both containing 0.1% formic acid] as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL??min^-1. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ??, and the detection wavelength was set at 246 nm during 0-4.6 min and 270 nm during 4.6-18 min. The main characteristic peaks were identified and assigned to individual herbs by comparing the retention time and UV absorption characteristics, combined with peak purity analysis. Furthermore, 16 batches of XLGB were evaluated by similarity assay, PCA, and PLS-DA. RESULTS The UPLC fingerprint of XLGB was established and 27 main characteristic peaks were identified. The similarity of 16 batches of XLGB was about 0.959 to 0.988, and epimedin C, bakuchiol, psoralenoside, and isopsoralenoside from Epimedium breviornu Maxim and Psoralea corylifolia L were the main compounds causing the similarity difference. CONCLUSION The method can be used for the quality control of XLGB with good specificity and efficiency, and this work provides the experimental basis to improve the overall quality control of XLGB.     

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??OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism of nucleophosmin (NPM) in the formation of breast cancer drug resistance. METHODS The methotrexate- resistant breast cancer cells (MCF-7/MTX) was established by escalating the concentrations of methotrexate to drug-sensitive MCF-7 cells (MCF-7/S). The cells viability of MCF-7/MTX was detected by MTT test, cell growth curve was drawn and doubling time was calculated. The cell morphology and ultrastructure were observed using optical and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of NPM and factors related to drug resistance were tested by Real-time PCR and Western blot assay. Then the NPM level was attenuated by RNA interfering technology, and the resistance mechanism was explored in MCF-7/MTX cells. RESULTS The MCF-7/MTX cell line was successfully established and resistance factor was 64. The resistant cells has spindle shaped morphology and tended to grow slowly, and the variations appeared in the internal structure of cells. MCF-7/MTX cells possessed cross-resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs. The expressions of NPM and multidrug-resistant factors P-gp, MRP1, BCRP were up-regulated in the resistant cells. Further, the overexpression of NPM activated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibited downstream apoptotic factors. Then knockdown of NPM by siRNA significantly decreased the drug resistance of MCF-7/MTX cells, suppressed PI3K/Akt pathway and promoted the downstream cells apoptosis. CONCLUSION The high expression of NPM has an important role in the formation of breast cancer drug resistance, and it is expected to be a novel molecular target for breast cancer treatment in clinical.     

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??OBJECTIVE To determine two toxic impurities, namely bromoacetic acid and 4-aminobenzonitrile, in the intermediate of dabigatran etexilate by UHPLC-MS. METHODS The separation was performed on a Shimadzu Shim-Pack GIS C₁₈ column (2.1 mm??50 mm,2 ??m) with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and 0.1% formic acid methanol (B) by gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL??min^-1. The detection was achieved by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with rapid polarity switching using MRM mode. RESULTS The calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 0.2-40 and 0.4-40 ng??mL^-1 for bromoacetic acid and 4-aminobenzonitrile, respectively. The values of LOQ of bromoacetic acid and 4-aminobenzonitrile were 0.1 and 0.4 ng??mL^-1, respectively. The recoveries of bromoacetic acid and 4-aminobenzonitrile were 100.9% and 99.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION The method is accurate, rapid, sensitive, and reliable to determine the two toxic impurities bromoacetic acid and 4-aminobenzonitrile in the intermediate of dabigatran etexilate for quality control.     

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??OBJECTIVE To conduct the contrastive studies of universal compression model to pharmaceutical powder compression characteristics effect base on Heckel and Kawakita equation founded.METHODS The uniaxial compression tests were developed with three excipients of lactose, starch, microcrystalline cellulose and four mixture excipients of lactose, starch, microcrystalline cellulose with different mass fraction. The change rules between density and pressure and model error are analyzed of two different compression models respectively.RESULTS The absolute density error value of Heckel and Kawakita compression model is within 4%, when the pressure is greater than 80 MPa,and the variance of Kawakita model is less than Heckel model.The absolute error value of Heckel and Kawakita compression model is within 3.73%, when the pressure is larger than 60 MPa, and the variance of Kawakita compression model less than Heckel model.CONCLUSION During applying two universal compression models to analyze pharmaceutical powder compression characteristics, two models are suitable, when the pressure is between 80 and 240 MPa.     

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??OBJECTIVE To explore the statistical METHODS for proficiency testing in the drug control field. METHODS The statistical METHODS were sorted out with data processing used in inter-laboratory and proficiency testing by various industries both at home and abroad.The Grubbs test and Dixon test in classical statistical method were focused on as well as quartile method and iterative method in the robust statistical method, and the characteristics of the different statistic METHODS was summarized respectively.RESULTS Every method has its advantages and application conditions.CONCLUSION It is suggested that proper statistical method be chosen according to the data characteristics of the test RESULTS.