抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌IgY的制备及抑菌效果

目的:使用牙龈卟啉单胞菌(P.g)诱导产蛋母鸡特异性IgY抗体产生及制备,特异性IgY抗体抑制P.g及其它牙周病病因菌生长.方法:采用免疫接种、水稀释、盐析、液体培养抑菌及ELISA等方法,诱导、提纯IgY抗体,抑制P.g及其它牙周病病因菌生长.结果:诱导产生的IgY抗体经硫酸铵盐析提取纯度达87.6%～89.1%,IgY特异性结合牙龈卟啉单胞菌抗原的结合效价1∶ 1 600.制备的抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌IgY抗体与牙龈二氧化碳噬纤维菌、中间普氏菌、伴放线放线杆菌、具核梭杆菌等牙周病致病菌的交叉免疫反应抗原结合效价分别为1∶ 800、1∶ 800、1∶ 6 400、1∶ 12 800.抗牙龈卟啉单胞菌IgY在5.0、1.0、0.1 g/L时,分别与牙龈卟啉单胞菌、牙龈二氧化碳噬纤维菌、伴放线放线杆菌、中间普氏菌、具核梭杆菌、粘性放线菌、变形链球菌等厌氧菌在(1×108) CFU/L和(5×108) CFU/L时培养24 h和72 h均有不同程度的抑制其生长作用.结论:牙龈卟啉单胞菌免疫产蛋母鸡诱导产生的特异性IgY抗体在一定的浓度内有抑制牙龈卟啉单胞菌生长,以及抑制多种牙周病致病菌生长的作用.牙龈卟啉单胞菌与这些牙周病病因均存在着共同抗原,其可能具有防治牙周病的前景.     

伴放线放线杆菌与致龋菌生长关系的体外研究

目的:观察伴放线放线杆菌(A.actinomycetemcomitans)与4种致龋菌,即变异链球菌(S.mutans)、嗜酸乳杆菌(L.acidophilus)、内氏放线菌(A.naeslundii)、粘性放线菌(A.viscosus)在体外共培养时相互间的生长抑制作用.方法:改良琼脂扩散法和双菌种液体培养观察A.actinomycetemcomitans与S.mutans、Lacidophilus、A.,naeslundii、A.viscosus生长的相互关系;扫描电镜及菌落计数观察双菌种生物膜形态和细菌比例的差异.实验数据用SPSS10.0软件包进行两样本均数的t检验.结果:琼脂扩散法抑菌实验表明,A.actinomycetemcomitans对S.mutans、L.acidophilus、A.naeslundii、A.viscosus的生长无抑制作用,S.mutans、L.acidophilus、A.naeslundii、A.viscosus可抑制,A.actinomycetemcomitans的生长.在双菌种液体培养中,A.actinomycetemcomitans所占比例随时间逐渐下降,差异具有显著性(P＜0.05):A.actinomycetemcomitans培养12h后,所占比例呈下降趋势,24h在S.mutans和L.acidophilus组中的比例下降为0.生物膜的观察表明,单菌种A.actinomycetemcomitans成块状散在黏附,无完整生物膜形成,4种致龋菌在48h均形成结构完整的生物膜,具有三维立体结构.与单菌种相比,加入A.actinomycetemcomitans后,致龋菌的生物膜形态未发生明显改变.更换培养液后,A.actinomycetemcomitans在混合菌种生物膜中的比例仍随时间延长下降,72h降低到最低点,各时间点的差异具有显著性(P＜0.05).结论:体外培养4种致龋菌可抑制A.actirtomycetemcomitans的生长.     

伴放线放线杆菌血清型分析

目的 PCR法检测伴放线放线杆菌（Actinobacillus actinomy＇etemcomitans，Aa）临床分离菌株血清型，分析其与flp-1基因型的关系。方法用血清型特异性引物，通过普通PCR和多重PCR的方法对60株Aa临床分离菌株的血清型进行鉴定，并分析其与flp-1基因型的关系。结果 60株Aa临床分离菌株中血清型c型63，33％，e型23．33％，b型6.67％，a，f型各占3．33％，未检测到d型菌株；在24名被检测者中，15名检测到c型An菌株，3名检测到b型菌株，各有2名分别检测到a、e、f型菌株。fip-1基因型Ⅰ型菌株的血清型均为a型，40株Ⅱ型菌株中38株为c型，Ⅳ型菌株均为b型，11株Ⅴ型菌株中9株为e型，Ⅵ型菌株均为e型。结论 Aa血清型分布以c型为主，fip-1基因型与菌株血清型存在一定对应关系。     

伴放线放线杆菌全染色体DNA探针的制备和鉴定

本研究的目的是制备伴放线放线杆菌全染色DNA探针,并评价其特异性和敏感性。抽提标准菌株Aa Y4 DNA,经~(32)P标记后制成探针,然后用斑点杂交法鉴定探针性质。结果Aa全染色体DNA探针的灵敏性为8×10~2纯菌或1ng同源DNA,探针与口腔常见菌的杂交显示仅与嗜沫嗜血杆菌有较弱的交叉反应。提示~(32)P标记Aa全染色体DNA探针的敏感性、特异性均较高,且方便实用,有临床推广应用价值。     

伴放线放线杆菌菌毛研究进展

伴放线放线杆菌是侵袭性牙周炎的可疑致病菌,菌毛是其重要的致病因子。本文对伴放线放线杆菌菌毛的形态、相关基因和蛋白、基因表达的相关调控、致病作用以及免疫原性进行了综述。     

伴放线放线杆菌粘附特性研究

目的分析伴放线放线杆菌的粘附特性及菌毛结构基因tip-1的遗传多样性对菌株粘附活动的影响。方法检测不同孵育条件下5种tip-1基因型临床分离菌株和光滑型菌株的粘附活动。结果临床分离菌株的粘附量随菌液浓度,孵育时间的增加而增加。tip-1基因型Ⅱ型菌株的粘附量高于其它4型菌株,光滑型菌株的粘附量低于临床分离菌株。生理温度下菌株粘附数高,低温下明显降低。厌氧条件和有氧条件下的粘附量无显著性差异。结论伴放线放线杆菌临床分离菌株的粘附存在时间和菌量依赖性,并要求一定新陈代谢活性,粘附效率在氧浓度改变时没有明显变化。伴放线放线杆菌表型影响菌株的粘附作用。不同tip-1基因型菌株粘附能力存在差异,Ⅱ型菌株粘附能力最强。     

伴放线放线杆菌磷酸胆碱的电泳分析

目的 比较3个磷酸胆碱阳性的伴放线放线杆菌菌株在蛋白酶K作用后电泳结果的变化,分析磷酸胆碱抗原在细菌中的附着结构.方法 将培养收集的伴放线放线杆菌破碎处理后,加入蛋白酶K水解,通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE),考玛斯亮蓝染色显示蛋白条带的分布情况,免疫印迹法检测磷酸胆碱的分布情况.结果 伴放线放线杆菌的3个菌株SA716、SA1398、SA2791通过SDS-PAGE电泳,可见未经蛋白酶K处理的细菌悬液显示连续分布的蛋白条带,而蛋白酶K处理后,只显示1条蛋白条带,该条带在只有等量蛋白酶K的对照组也出现,而在未经蛋白酶K处理的细菌悬液中无该条带,可以确定这一条带是蛋白酶K,细菌蛋白都已经被分解.未经蛋白酶K处理的菌株通过SDS-PAGE电泳和磷酸胆碱免疫印迹检测,磷酸胆碱显示阳性结果,磷酸胆碱附着结构分子量大小约为9 kDa,而蛋白酶K处理后,显示阴性结果,磷酸胆碱信号消失.结论 伴放线放线杆菌磷酸胆碱信号在蛋白酶K处理后消失,提示该抗原的附着结构为蛋白成分.     

伴放线放线杆菌外膜蛋白的研究进展

伴放线放线杆菌与牙周炎,特别是与局限性侵袭性牙周炎有着密切的关系.伴放线放线杆菌外膜蛋白作为其重要毒力因子,在牙周病的发病中起着重要的作用.本文就近年来有关伴放线放线杆菌外膜蛋白的结构特征、外膜蛋白的表现型、外膜蛋白与血清型、外膜蛋白的致病性等研究进展作一综述.     

白屈菜红碱对伴放线放线杆菌的抑制作用研究

中草药白屈菜(Chelidonium majus L.)提取物白屈菜红碱对致龋菌的生长具有较强的抑制作用,但其对牙周致病菌是否有作用,未见报道。本实验对白屈菜红碱对伴放线放线杆菌(Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Aa)的抑制作用进行了初步研究,报告如下。1材料与方法1.1菌液制备将复苏48h的Aa ATCC29523接种于BHI液体培养基中,37℃厌氧培养24h,离心后收集细菌,用无菌生理盐水调在540nm处吸光度为1.0的菌悬液。1.2纸片制备选中性定性滤纸,用打孔器打成直径6mm的圆片,干热灭菌。在无菌操作下加不同浓度的药液1mL,4℃浸泡过夜,干燥机抽干,4℃…     

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque of adolescents with Down''s syndrome

Levels of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga and Porphyromonas gingivalis were determined in subgingival plaque samples from 37 adolescents with Down's syndrome and 37 healthy controls matched with respect to age and sex. Gingival inflammation, supra- and subgingival calculus, periodontal pockets ( > 4 mm) and alveolar bone loss were registered. Alveolar bone loss was more frequent in Down's syndrome subjects (32%) than in the controls (3%). A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in the subgingival plaque in 35% of the Down's syndrome adolescents and in 5% of the controls. On site level, A. actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga were more frequent in the subgingival plaque samples of Down's syndrome children than in those of controls. Comparing Down's syndrome subjects positive or negative for A. actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga, no significant differences were found in terms of gingival inflammation, periodontal pockets ( > 4 mm) or number of sites with alveolar bone loss. The results indicate an altered microbial composition of the subgingival plaque of Down's syndrome subjects compared with healthy controls, with higher frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans.     

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in young Chinese adults

The aim of this study was to determine the presence or absence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in young Chinese adults and to examine the A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates from positive subjects with regard to the serotype distribution, presence of the leukotoxin gene lktA and the promoter for the leukotoxin operon as well as the incidence of phage Aa phi 23. Sixty subjects, working in a knitting factory in the Province of Guangzhou, People's Republic of China, were investigated. Subgingival microbial samples were taken from both upper first molars. They were cultured both anaerobically and in 5% CO2. P. gingivalis was found in 33 subjects. On average, it constituted 7% of the total anaerobic cultivable counts. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 37 subjects of which seven yielded counts > 10(5). Twenty-one subjects were positive for both organisms. A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype a was found in 9 subjects, serotype c was found in 23 and serotype e in 5. A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes b and d were not detected in any subjects. Presence of the leukotoxin gene lktA was demonstrated for all A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates; however, none of the A. actinomycetemcomitans strains from the present study had a deletion in the promoter region of the leukotoxin operon. The results of this investigation show a high frequency of the putative periodontal pathogens P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans and corroborate the concept that there is variation in virulence and pathogenic potential among isolates from different subjects.     

Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans,Capnocytophaga and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque of adolescents with Down's syndrome

Levels of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga and Porphyromonas gingivalis were determined in subgingival plaque samples from 37 adolescents with Down's syndrome and 37 healthy controls matched with respect to age and sex. Gingival inflammation, supra- and subgingival calculus, periodontal pockets (>4 mm) and alveolar bone loss were registered. Alveolar bone loss was more frequent in Down's syndrome subjects (32%) than in the controls (3%). A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in the subgingival plaque in 35% of the Down's syndrome adolescents and in 5% of the controls. On site level, A. actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga were more frequent in the subgingival plaque samples of Down's syndrome children than in those of controls. Comparing Down's syndrome subjects positive or negative for A. actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga, no significant differences were found in terms of gingival inflammation, periodontal pockets (>4 mm) or number of sites with alveolar bone loss. The results indicate an altered microbial composition of the subgingival plaque of Down's syndrome subjects compared with healthy controls, with higher frequency of A. actinomycetemcomitans.     

Distribution of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese adults

Strains of the bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans found in the human oral cavity are divided into five serotypes, a, b, c, d, and e. In this study, A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and Porphyromonas gingivalis were isolated from 656 subgingival sites in systemically healthy Japanese adults. A. actinomycetemcomitans was detected in 19.5% of 328 Japanese subjects, while 27.1% of subjects were positive for P. gingivalis. Of 75 A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive sites, only one serotype was detected in 39 sites (52.0%). The numbers of sites in which two different serotypes and three different serotypes were detected were 18 (25.0%) and 7 (9.3%), respectively. A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype c was detected more frequently in sites that were positive for both P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans (76.9%) than in sites that were P. gingivalis-negative and A. actinomycetemcomitans-positive (33.9%). In addition, serotype c was detected much more frequently than the other serotypes (<16%) in sites that were positive for both P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. These findings suggest that the characteristics of serotype c may differ from those of the other serotypes. This report is the first to use PCR to describe the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes in humans and to examine the association between the distribution of A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes and the presence of P. gingivalis.     

Characterizing the specific coaggregation between Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c strains and Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277

A visual coaggregation study showed specific interspecies coaggregation between an Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype c strain and Porphyromonas gingivalis strains ATCC 33277 and 381. We mutagenized A. actinomycetemcomitans SUNYaB 67 (serotype c) with transposon IS903phikan and isolated three transposon insertion mutants that had a reduced ability to aggregate with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. The three transposon insertions in the mutant strains mapped to the genes at ORF12, ORF13 and ORF16 of the gene cluster responsible for producing serotype c-specific polysaccharide antigen (SPA). Western blot analysis with serotype c-specific antibody showed that these strains did not produce the high-molecular-mass smear of SPA. Furthermore, two SPA-deficient mutants and an SPA-producing mutant were constructed. The two SPA-deficient mutants were deficient for ORF12 and ORF14, which are necessary for the synthesis of serotype c-SPA, and the SPA-producing mutant was deficient for ORF17, which is not related to SPA synthesis. The ORF12- and ORF14-deficient mutants showed reduced ability to aggregate with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, while the ORF17-deficient mutant aggregated with ATCC 33277 to the same extent as wild-type SUNYaB 67. Our findings suggest that serotype c-SPA of A. actinomycetemcomitans mediates coaggregation with P. gingivalis ATCC 33277.     

Host responses induced by co-infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in a murine model

In this study, evidence is presented that mixed infection with the periodontal pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans results in a synergistic effect in their pathogenicity and in their ability to induce humoral and cellular host responses. BALB/c mice were injected subcutaneously on the back with P. gingivalis ATCC 53977, A. actinomycetemcomitans 75 or a mixture of both bacteria. Samples of blood and fluid from abscesses formed at the site of injection (first degree) or distant from the injection site were collected for microbiologic analysis. Serum and spleens were obtained for evaluation of humoral and cellular responses to P. gingivalis and A actinomycetemcomitans. Mice injected with A. actinomycetemcomitans had first-degree lesions only, whereas mice injected with P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans had lesions at first- and second-degree sites from which both bacterial species were isolated. A serum anti- P. gingivalis response was induced in P. gingivalis -injected mice, which was higher in mice injected with P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans. This pattern was not seen in the anti- A. actinomycetemcomitans response. Lymphoproliterative responses to phytohemagglutinin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and P. gingivalis of spleen cells from infected mice were decreased, especially following co-infection. Furthermore, co-infection of mice resulted in the greatest decrease in the number of CD⁵⁺, especially CD⁴⁺ lymphocytes.     

In vivo induction of proinflammatory cytokines in mouse tissue by Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease initiated by a multitude of bacteria. Persistent infection leads to generation of various inflammatory mediators, resulting in tissue destruction and osteoclastic resorption of the alveolar bone. This study describes a novel in vivo murine calvarial model to assess the effects of oral pathogens on the expression of three proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha] which are involved in bone resorption. We chose Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans as prototype oral pathogens. We also tested the effects of Streptococcus gordonii, an oral commensal supragingival microorganism, considered a non-pathogen. Live bacteria were injected into subcutaneous tissue overlying the parietal bone of mice calvaria for 6 days. At the end of the experimental period, tissues overlying the calvaria were removed and analyzed for proinflammatory cytokine expression by Northern blotting. Cytokine mRNA was not detected in the tissue over the calvaria of control animals. In contrast, P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans elicited mRNA expression of all three cytokines, TNFalpha being the highest (TNFalpha > > IL-1beta > IL-6). P. gingivalis was more potent than A. actinomycetemcomitans in inducing cytokine expression. In contrast, S. gordonii induced only low levels of mRNA for IL-1beta and TNFalpha but no IL-6 mRNA induction. These results suggest that oral microorganisms with access to host tissues elicit a battery of proinflammatory cytokines. There were clear differences in profiles and, interestingly, a commensal bacterium also stimulated bone resorptive cytokine expression in host tissues.     

Immunohistological characteristics of periodontal lesions associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans infections

In this study, various phenotypes of infiltrating cells in the periodontium adjacent to pockets harboring Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were evaluated. Furthermore, the pattern of Class II antigen expression in the periodontal tissues was determined. Eight lesions were associated with the presence of P. gingivalis and 12 with A. actinomycetemcomitans. Predominant cells in the inflammatory infiltrate were T- and B-cells. In most biopsies T-cells dominated over B-cells. The proportion of P. gingivalis , but not of A. actinomycetemcomitans , was positively correlated to the total number of infiltrating cells in the tissue. A. actinomycetemcomitans sites demonstrated somewhat lower proportions of CD3+, CD4+ and CD19+ cells than P. gingivalis sites. However, the tendency of decreasing CD4+/CD8+ ratio with increasing number of A. actinomycetemcomitans indicates a local imbalance in immunoregulation. The frequency of class II antigen expression of both mononuclear and epithelial cells, a sign of immunological activation, was generally high.     

Likelihood of transmitting Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in families with periodontitis

This study examined the frequency of spouse-to-spouse and parent-child transmission of the periodontal pathogens Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (124 subjects in 47 families) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (78 subjects in 31 families). The two test organisms were recovered from subgingival and tongue surface specimens using established microbiological techniques. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) was used to genetically characterize isolates of the test species. The probability of isolating identical AP-PCR types of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis in family members by chance was estimated from the AP-PCR genotype distribution of the two species among unrelated individuals. A probability of 5% or less for occurrence by chance alone suggests intra-familial transmission. With a bacterium-positive spouse, A. actinomycetemcomitans revealed inter-spousal transmission in 4/11 (36%) married couples and P. gingivalis in 2/10 (20%) married couples. Parent-child transmission of A. actinomycetemcomitans took place in 6/19 (32%) families. P. gingivalis was not transmitted from parent to child in any of the study families. The intra-familial transmission of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis may in part explain a familial pattern of periodontitis and may have important prophylactic and treatment implications.