Changes in activity of neutral proteases in tissues of ground squirrels in the dynamics of hibernation

Total activities of neutral proteases in the cerebral, hepatic, and myocardial tissues of ground squirrel vary during hibernation: in autumn (before hibernation) activities of the enzymes in the brain and myocardium start increasing, while in the liver they do not change. A common feature for all tissues is minimum activity of active neutral proteases in the middle of hibernation month 1 bout, while the maximum activity is recorded before awakening. Translated from Byulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 9, pp. 278–280, September, 2008     

2010年广州某医疗中心儿童夏季细菌性腹泻的病原学调查

目的研究广州地区小儿夏季细菌性腹泻的病原菌分布。方法采集2010年5～7月广州市妇女儿童医疗中心珠江新城院区腹泻患儿的大便标本进行常规病原菌的分离培养,通过生化反应和血清凝集试验进行鉴定和分型,并使用金标法对空肠弯曲菌抗原进行检测。结果从110份标本中检出44株病原菌,检出率为40.0%。其中致病性大肠埃希菌17株,2岁以下患儿检出15株;空肠弯曲菌12株,2岁以下患儿检出10株;沙门菌6株;念珠菌纯生长6株;产气荚膜杆菌3株。结论广州地区夏季儿童细菌性腹泻的主要病原菌是致病性大肠埃希菌及空肠弯曲菌,两者的易感人群以2岁以下婴幼儿为主。     

MiRNA调控肿瘤细胞中P-gP表达的研究进展

微小RNA（miRNA）是一类高度保守的非编码单链RNA分子,与靶基因mRNA3’端非编码区结合,抑制mRNA的翻译,促进靶基因降解。而这种调控机制与很多肿瘤细胞中P型糖蛋白（P,glycoprotein,p-gp）的表达有着密切的联系。p-gp是与耐药相关的跨膜蛋白,过表达可导致肿瘤细胞产生多药耐药（multidrugresistance,MDR）。就miRNA的生物学特性、p-gP的功能进行综述,关系。肿瘤MDR是临床化学治疗失败的主要原因,本文并重点介绍其调控肿瘤细胞中P-gP表达和MDR的     

Role of Thrombin in Activation of Neurons in Rat Hippocampus

The effect of thrombin, an agonist of proteinase-activated receptor (PAR) family, was studied on cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Thrombin in a concentration range of 1 pM - 10 nM induced a transitory dose-dependent increase in intracellular free calcium concentration. Involvement of PAR1 in neural response to thrombin was corroborated in experiments with TFLLRN, a selective synthetic peptide agonist of these receptors. In a calcium-free medium and after treatment with cyclopiazonic acid (inhibitor of Ca(2+)-ATPase in the endoplasmic reticulum) activation of PAR not only mobilized Ca(2+) from intracellular stores, but also induced Ca(2+) entry into the cells. Thrombin decreased Ca(2+) signal triggered by activation of NMDA-subtype glutamate receptors.     

293细胞检测致癌物的应用研究

目的 探讨应用293细胞对致癌物进行细胞转化及致瘤性等研究,为检测可疑致癌物提供实验依据.方法 应用微囊藻毒素LR(Microcystin LR,MC-La)对293细胞进行转化培养,取转化后的细胞进行软琼脂克隆实验、血清依赖性实验以及免疫缺陷小鼠体内致瘤实验来验证MC-LR转化的293细胞的致癌性.结果 293细胞在MC-LR的作用下,逐渐表现出转化细胞的特性:血清依赖程度显著降低,在软琼脂培养基中锚着独立生长并形成细胞集落,在SCID小鼠体内形成浸润性肿瘤组织.结论 293细胞易于培养并对环境致癌物敏感,可用于可疑致癌物的检测.     

Factor of selectivity in organization of complex behavior in primates

Selectivity in the activity of the mammalian brain is examined on the basis of an analysis of a substantial experimental material obtained in our laboratory during the investigation of the conditioned reflex and delayed behavior in lower and higher primates.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 269– 276, February, 1987.     

西藏藏族青少年皮纹密度

目的:获得藏族皮纹密度的基本参数。方法:在知情同意原则的基础上,拓印拉萨市6所大、中、小学藏族学生的掌指纹,观察皮纹密度,并测量身高、体质量、掌长、手长、手宽5项指标。结果:藏族青少年的皮纹密度随年龄的增加而降低,并有性别差异。结论:藏族青少年的皮纹密度在青春发育过程中变化较大,其皮纹密度大于同年龄组汉族。     

贵州黔东南地区育龄人群地中海贫血基因类型分析

目的了解贵州黔东南州育龄人群地中海贫血基因类型及其分布。方法 2017年1月~2019年3月对930例疑似地中海贫血的育龄人群采用PCR结合导流杂交进行α、β地中海贫血基因检测。结果 930例病例中检出地中海贫血422例,检出率45.38%,α地中海贫血193例(20.75%),β地中海贫血212例(22.80%),α复合β地中海贫血23例(1.83%)。12种α地中海贫血基因类型主要为--SEA/αα(67.87%)、-α3.7/αα(9.84%)和-α4.2/αα(7.25%),8种β地中海贫血基因类型以CD41-42/N(61.79%)、CD17/N(26.89%)和IVS-Ⅱ-654/N(6.13%)常见,8种α合并β地中海贫血基因类型主要为-α3.7/CD41-42(41.19%)和--SEA/CD41-42(23.53%)。结论贵州黔东南州β地中海贫血检出率高于α地中海贫血,主要基因类型为CD4142/N和--SEA/αα。     

Neuroprotective potential of ceftriaxone in in vitro models of stroke

Astrocytic glutamate transporters are considered an important target for neuroprotective therapies as the function of these transporters is abnormal in stroke and other neurological disorders associated with excitotoxicity. Recently, Rothstein et al., [Rothstein JD, Patel S, Regan MR, Haenggeli C, Huang YH, Bergles DE, Jin L, Dykes Hoberg M, Vidensky S, Chung DS, Toan SV, Bruijn LI, Su ZZ, Gupta P, Fisher PB (2005) Beta-lactam antibiotics offer neuroprotection by increasing glutamate transporter expression. Nature 433:73-77] reported that beta-lactam antibiotics (including ceftriaxone, which easily crosses the blood-brain barrier) increase glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) expression and reduce cell death resulting from oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in dissociated embryonic cortical cultures. To determine whether a similar neuroprotective mechanism operates in more mature neurons, which show a different pattern of response to ischemia than primary cultures, we exposed acute hippocampal slices obtained from rats treated with ceftriaxone for 5 days (200 mg/kg; i.p.) to OGD. Whole-cell patch clamp recording of glutamate-induced N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) currents from CA1 pyramidal neurons showed a larger potentiation of these currents after application of 15 microM dl-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartic acid (TBOA; a potent blocker of glutamate transporters) in ceftriaxone-injected animals than in untreated animals, indicating increased glutamate transporter activity. Western blot analysis did not reveal GLT-1 upregulation in the hippocampus. Delay to OGD-induced hypoxic spreading depression (HSD) recorded in slices obtained from ceftriaxone-treated rats was longer (6.3+/-0.2 vs. 5.2+/-0.2 min; P<0.001) than that in the control group, demonstrating a neuroprotective action of the antibiotic in this model. The effect of ceftriaxone was also tested in organotypic hippocampal slices obtained from P7-9 rats (>14 days in vitro). OGD or glutamate (3.5-5.0 mM) damaged CA1 pyramidal neurons as assessed by propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence. Similar damage was observed after pre-treatment with ceftriaxone (10-200 microM; 5 days) and ceftriaxone exposure did not result in GLT-1 upregulation as assayed by Western blot. Treatment of slice cultures with dibutyryl cAMP (100-250 microM; 5 days) increased GLT-1 expression but did not reduce cell damage induced by OGD or glutamate. Thus we confirm the neuroprotective effect of antibiotic exposure on OGD-induced injury, but suggest that this action is related to independent modulation of transporter activity rather than to the level of GLT-1 protein expression. In addition, our results indicate that the protective effects of beta-lactam antibiotics are highly dependent on the experimental model.     

内毒素血症在肝癌发生发展中的作用

目的:探讨内毒素血症在肝癌发生发展中作用。方法:利用饮水中加入0.03%TAA,4个月形成肝硬化,6个月形成肝癌动物的模型。TAA+LPS组从第5个月开始皮下注射内毒素,至实验结束。在肝癌发生发展过程中进行血浆内毒素水平、γ-GT活性、DNA指数、增殖指数,并对N-ras、p53基因点突变进行分析。结果:内毒素可增加bcl-2与p53蛋白过度表达与增加N-ras、p53基因的点突变,增加自由基生成与降低抗氧化酶活性,加重DNA损伤。结论:内毒素能够促进TAA诱发肝癌变的过程。     

材料生物力学2021年研究进展

机体组织具有复杂的三维动态结构,且受到多种形式的作用力。细胞从细胞外基质（extracellular matrix, ECM）中感受力学刺激,ECM构建的力学微环境调控细胞不同生物学功能。制备可模拟机体组织ECM力学微环境的生物材料是生物力学领域研究的热点和难点之一。生物材料的不同理化性质赋予材料特定的力学性能,进而影响细胞行为和功能。本文结合2021年材料生物力学领域的最新文献,特别关注新型材料生物力学对细胞生物学行为的调控和在组织工程中的应用,并探讨材料生物力学研究领域的未来发展方向。     

Induction of high frequency activity in the somatosensory thalamus of rats in vivo results in long-term potentiation of responses in SI cortex

Summary Extracellular single-unit techniques were employed to record unitary activity simultaneously from the thalamic ventral posterior medial (VPM) nucleus and the ipsilateral primary somatosensory cortex of adult rats. Cross-correlation analysis triggered by the spontaneous firing of thalamocortical relay neurons in VPM and the discharge of layer IV neurons in the corresponding ipsilateral cortical barrel indicated that the paired-units included in this study were strongly correlated in their activity. The baseline responses of highly correlated cortical/thalamic pairs to a 10 ms deflection of a vibrissa on the contralateral side were measured using poststimulus time histograms. After establishing the baseline response, high frequency activity in VPM was induced in one of two ways: i) direct electrical stimulation of thalamic neurons or ii) whisker stimulation in the presence of bicuculline methiodide (BIC) released near the thalamic neurons. Both methods resulted in a conditioning stimulus (CS) paradigm consisting of bursts of high-frequency activity (50–100 Hz) with an inter-burst interval of 150 ms (7 Hz). Almost immediately following the presentation of the CS, the response of layer IV cortical neurons to vibrissa stimulation increased by 37–62% over baseline values, which was maintained after the effects of BIC had worn off in VPM. This enhancement in the response of the cortical neurons was not accompanied by a concomitant increase in the thalamic responses. Thus, these results strongly suggest that the potentiation first occurred at the thalamocortical synapse.     

细节化护理管理干预在心内科护理中的应用

目的：探讨对心内科患者采取细节化护理干预的效果和预后影响。方法选取2011年6月~2013年12月于我院心内科就诊的110例心血管疾病患者,根据随机化的原则分成观察组和对照组各55例,对照组采取心内科常规护理,观察组在一般常规护理的基础上加以细节化护理干预,对两组患者预后及患者满意度进行对比分析。结果观察组总有效率(94.55%)显著高于对照组(72.73%),两组之间对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者对护理工作的总满意度(100%)显著高于对照组(87.27%),两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对心内科患者采取细节化护理干预,能减少护理危险事件的发生率,提高患者的治疗总有效率,提升患者对护理工作的满意度,具有较高的应用价值,值得在临床工作中加以推广。     

Role of Nitric Oxide in Prevention of Cognitive Disorders in Neurodegenerative Brain Injuries in Rats

NO synthesis disturbances play an important role in the development of neurodegenerative damage in Alzheimer disease. We previously showed that adaptation to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia prevents cognitive disturbances in rats with experimental Alzheimer disease [6]. Here we evaluated the role of NO in cognitive disorders and development of adaptive protection during experimental Alzheimer disease. Adaptation to hypoxia in rats was performed in a hypobaric pressure chamber at a simulated altitude of 4000 m (4 h per day for 14 days). Alzheimer disease was simulated by bilateral injections of a toxic fragment of β-amyloid (25–35) into n. basalis magnocellularis. For evaluation of the role of NO in the development and prevention of memory disorders, the rats received intraperitoneally either NO-synthase inhibitor N^ω-nitro-L-arginin (L-NNA, 20 mg/kg, every other day for 14 days) or NO-donor dinitrosyl iron complex (200 μg/kg daily for 14 days). NO-synthase inhibitor potentiated the damaging effect of β-amyloid, abolished the protective effect of adaptation to hypoxia, and produced memory disorders in rats similar to those observed during experimental Alzheimer disease. In contrast, the increase in NO level in the body provided by injections of the NO-donor produced a protective effect against memory disorders caused by β-amyloid similar to that induced by adaptation to hypoxia. We concluded that reduced NO production in the organism plays an important role in the development of cognitive disorders produced by injections of β-amyloid, while prevention of NO deficit by administration of NO-donors or nonpharmacological stimulation of NO synthesis can provide a protective effect in experimental Alzheimer disease. Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 146, No. 10, pp. 371–375, October, 2008     

长链非编码RNA在神经胶质瘤中作用的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一类新的非编码调节基因,目前研究发现lncRNA可以在3个方面调节基因表达。它的表达受遗传物质改变的影响,并在神经胶质瘤细胞增殖、凋亡,细胞侵袭,细胞分化,血管再生等方面起着一定作用。LncRNA可以作为神经胶质瘤诊断的生物学标志,并作为神经胶质瘤的治疗靶点及辅助神经胶质瘤的治疗。     

Pitfalls in TRAP assay in routine detection of malignancy in effusions

Telomerase has been found to be reactivated in a majority of cancers but is inactive in most somatic cells. Our principal goal was to determine the potential use of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay as marker for malignancy in cytological effusions. The simple selection criterion was the cytological diagnosis, and routine samples were classified into malignant (58 samples) and nonmalignant (233 samples). Of the malignant samples, 44/58 (76%) were positive by TRAP assay. Of the 14 telomerase-negative cytology-positive samples, RNA integrity was poor in 9, indicating suboptimal sample conservation for molecular analysis. In 3 of the remaining 5 samples with a negative TRAP assay, a high number of malignant cells was observed, and these cells might have been telomerase-negative. Thus, the sensitivity of TRAP assay for the presence of malignant cells was about 76%. In the cytologically nonmalignant effusions, the presence of telomerase activity was observed in 24% (55/233). Of these, 6% were highly suspicious for malignancy, 9% were doubtful, and 9% were cytologically nonmalignant effusions confirmed by a follow-up of 12 mo or more. According to these data, the specificity of the TRAP assay to detect tumor cells in effusions ranged only between 82-91%. Our results indicate that, although the TRAP assay is positive in 6-15% of putative malignant effusions, the relatively high number of TRAP false-negative and false-positive cases renders this test unsuitable for routine diagnostic purposes.     

Age-related changes in the localization of glycosaminoglycans in condylar cartilage of the mandible in rats

There is little information available regarding the morphological and biomolecular characteristics of mandibular condylar cartilage. The purpose of this study was to determine the age-related changes in the morphology and immunolocalization of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in mandibular condyles. The mandibular condylar cartilages from 4-, 8-, 16-, 32-, and 64-week-old Wistar male rats were examined to verify the localization of chondroitin-4-sulfate (Ch-4S), chondroitin-6-sulfate (Ch-6S) and keratan sulfate (KS) using an indirect immunofluorescent technique with three monoclonal antibodies for glycosaminoglycans, 2-B-6, 3-B-3 and 5-D-4, respectively. Morphologically, the condylar cartilage was a growth cartilage during growing periods, began to differentiate into articular cartilage from the central area of 16-week-old condyles, and became mature articular cartilage at 32 weeks of age. A regional difference was found in the morphological features and distribution of GAGs between the anterior, central, postero-superior and posterior areas of the condyles at each age. The immunohistochemical localizations of these three glycosaminoglycans showed age-related, morphology-dependent changes, from growth cartilage to articular cartilage-like cartilage. Immunoreactions for all of the antibodies decreased progressively with age in the interterritorial matrix, while the pericellular and territorial matrix in the condylar cartilage of the mandible maintained relatively higher immunoreactivity. In conclusion, age-related and regional differences in the localization of glycosaminoglycans Ch-4S, Ch-6S, and KS were found in the mandibular condyles in rats, and these changes are believed to be related to functional and developmental requirements.