急性心肌梗死aVR导联ST段抬高的临床意义

目的 探讨体表心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管(IRA)诊断及临床预后的意义.方法 收集2010年10月至2012年12月因急性心肌梗死入住我院的患者共240例,根据患者入院时心电图aVR导联ST段有无抬高,分为A组(AVR导联ST段抬高)80例和B组(aVR导联ST段无抬高)160例,对两组患者临床资料、冠状动脉造影结果及主要不良心血管事件进行对比.结果 ①两组患者性别、糖尿病病史、PCI病史等一般临床资料对比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②两组冠状动脉造影结果比较:IRA为左主干(LM),A组9例,B组3例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);IRA左主干和(或)三支血管(LM/3VD),A组46例,B组15例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).③aVR导联ST抬高对IRA为左主干的敏感性及特异性分别为75％和69％,对IRA为左主干和(或)三支病变的敏感度及特异度分别为73％和81％.④住院期间主要不良心血管事件(MACE),A组36例,B组25例,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).⑤在住院期间,aVR导联ST段抬高(OR=10.03,95％CI=5.36～18.77,P＜0.01)是急性心肌梗死患者发生不良心血管事件的独立危险因素.结论 aVR导联ST段抬高提示急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管为左主干和(或)三支血管病变及住院期间不良心血管事件发生率增高.aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死患者梗死相关血管判断及临床预后具有一定的临床指导意义.     

急性下壁心肌梗死心电图胸前导联V1-3 ST段抬高的临床意义

目的 探讨急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图胸前导联ST段抬高与冠状动脉造影所示冠状动脉病变的关系及其临床意义.方法 187例急性下壁心肌梗死患者,按入院时18导心电图胸前导联ST段改变分为2组,ST段抬高组（16例）和非ST段压低组（171例）.所有患者均行冠状动脉造影术,病变适合行经皮腔冠状动脉成型术并检测B型钠尿肽（BNP）.结果 急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段抬高时多为右冠状动脉近段闭塞,尤其是圆锥支闭塞（P＜0.01）,且伴有右心功能不全和血流动力学障碍,与下壁右室心梗相比BNP差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.结论 急性下壁心肌梗死合并胸前导联ST抬高表明为右冠状动脉近段或开口闭塞且多伴右室心肌梗死和心功能不全.     

aVR导联ST段抬高对急性心肌梗死预后的价值

目的探讨心电图aVR导联ST段抬高对急性前壁心肌梗死患者预后的价值。方法首次入院急性前壁心肌梗死患者57例，对其心电图和冠状动脉造影及临床资料进行对比分析。根据心电图aVR导联ST段变化分为抬高组、无偏移组。结果梗死相关血管为左主干病变的ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为5例（21．7％）、1例（2．9％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．01）；病变范围为多支病变ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为10例（43．4％）、8例（23．5％），两组统计有显著性差异（p〈0．05）；发生心脏事件ST段抬高组、ST段无偏移组分别为8例（34.8％）、3例（8．8％），两组有显著性差异（p〈0．01）。结论aVR导联ST段抬高对预测急性前壁心肌梗死患者的预后有重要的价值，应高度重视。     

aVR导联ST段抬高对非ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死的意义

目的：探讨aVR导联ST段抬高（ ST segment elevation ,STSE）对于非STSE型急性心肌梗死（ acute myocardial infarction , AMI ）的预测价值。方法回顾性分析425例非STSE 型AMI患者的心电图资料,并观察各导联ST段压低情况及是否存在T波倒置。对所测定数据进行整理和统计学处理。结果 aVR导联STSE多见于完全性右束支阻滞、左心室肥厚以及V1导联STSE的患者,在其他导联广泛ST段压低的患者中也较为多见;此类情况在T波倒置患者中较少见。本研究中,22例在住院时死亡,其中5例死于心源性休克。患者住院死亡率的不断升高和aVR导联STSE的等级不断上升相关。多重变量分析表明,aVR导联STSE已经成为预测住院死亡的独立重要变量。 aVR导联STSE大都与住院患者的心肌缺血时间以及发生心力衰竭相关,但是与血清肌酸激酶或肌酸激酶同工酶 MB 的水平高低没有相关性。结论如果aVR导联STSE和严重冠状动脉病变之间的联系,能够在大样本非STSE型AMI患者群体中得到进一步验证,那么aVR导联STSE就可以成为选择早期介入治疗患者的一个较为有用的指标。     

急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低的临床意义

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低的临床意义。方法观察64例急性下壁心肌梗死胸导联ST段压低与常规及24h动态心电图检查结果的关系。结果①单纯下壁心肌梗死不伴胸导联ST段改变显著多于伴胸导联ST段改变(P<0.01),下壁伴正后壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段改变显著多于不伴胸导联ST段改变(P<0.01),而下壁伴右心室心肌梗死与胸导联ST段改变无明显区别(P>0.05)。②伴胸导联ST段改变者严重室性心律失常与房室传导阻滞的发生率均较不伴胸导联ST段改变者高(P<0.05)。结论急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸导联ST段压低表明心肌梗死广泛,严重室性心律失常和房室传导阻滞的发生率明显增多。     

Prognostic value of positive T wave in lead aVR in patients with non‐ST segment myocardial infarction

Background

Lead aVR provides prognostic information in various settings in patients with ischemia. We aim to investigate the role of a positive T wave in lead aVR in non‐ST segment myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, we included 400 patients with NSTEMI. Presentation electrocardiogram (ECG) was investigated for presence of a positive T wave as well as ST segment elevation (STE) in aVR and study variables were compared. Predictors of primary outcome defined as hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and secondary outcome, defined as three‐vessel coronary disease and/or left main coronary artery stenosis (3VD/LMCA) stenosis in angiography, were determined in multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

Patients with a positive T wave in aVR were significantly older and were more likely to be female. Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients of positive T group. Positive T group was more likely to have 3VD/LMCA stenosis (58.3% vs. 19.8%, p < .001). The prevalence of a positive T wave in aVR was significantly higher in MACE group (54.9 % vs. 24.8%, p < .001). However, in multivariate analysis, it was not an independent predictor of MACE (OR: 1.083 95% CI: [0.496–2.365], p: .841). Though, it was independently associated with presence of 3VD/LMCA stenosis (OR: 3.747 95% CI: [2.058–6.822], p < .001).

Conclusion

Though positive T wave in lead aVR was more common in patients with MACE; it was not an independent predictor. Additionally, a positive T wave in aVR was an independent predictor of 3VD/LMCA stenosis in NSTEMI.

     

急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图胸前导联ST段改变的临床意义

目的探讨急性下壁心肌梗死患者心电图胸前导联ST段改变与冠状动脉造影(CAG)所见冠状动脉病变部位的关系及其临床意义。方法 187例急性下壁心肌梗死患者,按入院时18导心电图胸前导联ST段改变分为3组,ST段无变化组(47例),ST段抬高组(16例),ST段压低组(124例);所有患者均行CAG。结果急性下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段抬高时多为右冠状动脉(RCA)近段闭塞(14例,82.3%),尤其是伴圆锥支动脉闭塞,与RCA中远端闭塞(2例,5.9%)比较差异有统计学意义(P0.01),且14例(73.7%)伴有右心功能不全和血流动力学障碍。下壁心肌梗死胸前导联ST段压低者可见于RCA、回旋支(LCX)闭塞及RCA、LCX闭塞与前降支(LAD)、对角支(D)病变的不同组合,其中LCX闭塞伴RCA病变者多表现为朐前ST V_4～V_6的压低,RCA闭塞伴LAD近端病变多有胸前ST V_1～V_6的压低,RCA伴D病变胸前ST V_1～V_3压低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论急性下壁心肌梗死合并胸前导联ST段抬高表明为RCA近段或丌口闭塞且多伴右心室心肌梗死和心功能不全;下壁心肌梗死伴胸前导联ST段压低提示为多支病变,ST V_1～V_3压低多伴有对角支严重狭窄,STV_1～V_6压低多伴有前降支的严重狭窄。     

血栓抽吸治疗急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死前后神经内分泌因子水平的变化

目的探讨应用血栓抽吸装置GuardWire Plus^TM行血栓抽吸治疗急性sT段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）对神经内分泌因子水平、外周血肌钙蛋白（cTnI）、TIMI血流变化的影响及其临床价值。方法将2004年9月至2006年9月在我院行急诊PCI的72例STEMI患者分为两组，抽吸组（TA组，38例）血栓抽吸后支架置入；非抽吸组（NTA组，34例）单纯PCI。于手术当天、术后第1、2、3、5天分别测定外周血中内皮素（ET）、血浆肾素活性（PRA）、醛固酮（ALD）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、肾上腺素（E）的水平。于术前、术后4h、8h、12h、16h、24h、2d、3d、5d分别测定外周血中cTnI的水平。支架置入后常规行冠状动脉造影，观察心肌血流灌注情况，测定支架置入后两组患者的TIMI血流。比较术后2h心电图ST段回落。术后1周及3个月应用彩色超声心动图测定左室射血分数（LVEF），评价心功能。结果两组病例均成功置入支架，术前两组患者的神经内分泌因子水平均显著升高，两组间差异无统计学意义。浓度-时间曲线显示术后神经内分泌因子水平均迅速下降，TA组较NTA组ET、PRA、AngⅡ、ALD、NE、E等神经内分泌因子水平于术后第1天或第2天下降明显[ET：术前152．37ng／L比153．63ng／L（P：0．858），术后第1天128．11ng／L比147．07ng／L（P=0．037），术后第2天122．22ng／L比139．64ng／L（P=0．040）；PRA：术前2．87μL／（L·h）比2．87μL／（L·h）（P=0．998），术后第1天1．74μL／（L·h）比2．54μL／（L·h）（P=0．036），术后第2天1．70μL／（L·h）比2．29μL／（L·h）（P=0．032）；ALD：术前200．14pmol／L比181．19pmol／L（P=0．508），术第1天156．06pmol／L比172．19pmol／L（P=0．001）；AngⅡ：术前199．11ng／L比。212．32ng／L（P=0．539），术后第1天149．26ng／L比188．37ng／L（P=0．040），术后第2天135．57     

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死溶栓后心电图改变的临床意义

目的通过分析急性心肌梗死抬高的ST段下降幅度,评价溶栓治疗过程中ST段改变对患者心功能的预测价值。方法96例ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死患者,入院后行溶栓治疗,并计算溶栓后2h内ST段抬高振幅总和(ΣSTE)的下降幅度。结果溶栓治疗2h后,ΣSTE较溶栓治疗前下降大于50%时,病人自觉胸痛症状消失,心功能得到较好保护。而ΣSTE较治疗前下降小于50%时,患者心功能不同程度受损。结论ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死的患者经早期溶栓治疗后,其抬高的ST段下降幅度可作为心肌血供能否恢复的间接预测指标,从而能较准确地反映心肌再灌注情况及预测心功能状态。     

ST段抬高型急性心肌梗死溶栓后心电图改变的临床意义

目的通过分析急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者治疗后抬高的ST段下降的幅度，评价溶栓治疗过程中ST段改变对STEMI患者心功能的预测价值。方法105例急性STEMI患者，入院后行溶栓治疗，并计算溶栓后2h内ST段抬高总和的下降幅度。结果溶栓治疗2h后，ST段抬高振幅总和较溶栓治疗前下降大于50％时，病人自觉胸痛症状消失，心功能得到较好的保护。而ST段抬高振幅总和较治疗前小于50％时，患者心功能不同程度受损。结论急性STEMI患者经早期溶栓治疗后，抬高的ST段下降幅度可作为心肌血供能否恢复的间接预测指标，从而能较准确地反映心肌再灌注情况及预测心功能状态。     

The clinical significance of exercise-induced ST segment changes in patients with previous inferior myocardial infarction

To investigate the clinical significance of exercise-induced ST changes, we performed exercise body surface mapping (87 leads) in 52 patients (one-vessel disease [1 VD] n = 12, multivessel disease [MVD] n = 40) with previous inferior myocardial infarction (MI). ST isointegral maps were constructed and the locations of ST changes were compared with the findings of exercise thallium-201 (TI-201) myocardial scanning. Exercise-induced ST elevation was observed in 14 patients (27%) on the lower chest and on the back, corresponding to the infarcted area. Exercise-induced ST depression was observed more frequently in the MVD group (n = 30, 75%) than in the 1VD group (n = 2, 17%). Seventeen (77%) of 22 patients with ST depression had thallium-201 redistribution. There was a significant association between ST depression and TI-201 redistribution (chi2 = 13.1, p less than 0.001), but no association between ST depression and ST elevation. The body surface distribution of ST depression was shifted upward and rightward compared with its appearance in angina pectoris without MI. These findings suggest that exercise-induced ST depression reflects myocardial ischemia in patients with previous inferior MI.     

ST segment elevation in lead aVR and coronary artery lesions in patients with acute coronary syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Recently, the prognostic value of ST segment elevation in lead aVR in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its relationship with significant stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LMCAS) and three-vessel disease have been highlighted. AIM: Analysis of the relationship between ST segment elevation observed in aVR lead and angiographic severity of coronary artery disease in patients with ACS. METHODS: The study involved 134 patients with ACS, including 54 subjects with ST elevation in aVR (group A) and 80 patients without elevation of ST in the same lead (group B), aged 33-78 years, mean 59.9+/-9.7 years. The severity of coronary artery disease was compared between the two groups. The logistic regression model was used for the analysis of factors affecting ST segment in aVR, as well as LMCAS and three-vessel disease probability. RESULTS: In patients with ST elevation in aVR, three-vessel disease prevalence was two times higher (61.1% vs 35.0%; p <0.01), and LMCAS - three times higher (55.6% vs 17.5%; p <0.000001) than in those without ST elevation in aVR. Factors independently associated with ST elevation in aVR were LMCAS (OR 6.1; 95% CI 2.62-14.23; p <0.00005), ST segment elevation in V1 (OR 3.03; 95% CI 1.34-6.86; p <0.01) and diabetes (OR 2.89; 95% CI 1.17-7.15; p <0.05). The predictors of LMCAS were three-vessel disease and ST elevation in aVR, while the predictors of three-vessel disease were: LMCAS, diabetes, male gender and history of myocardial infarction. CONCLUSIONS: Elevation of the ST segment in aVR in the setting of acute coronary syndrome identifies patients with severe coronary artery disease. Only left main coronary artery disease, however, remains independently associated with ST segment elevation in aVR. Three-vessel disease and the left main coronary artery stenosis equivalent are not independent predictors of ST segment elevation in aVR of standard electrocardiograms recorded in patients with acute coronary syndrome.     

急性下壁心肌梗死aVR导联QRS波的形态分析

目的探讨下壁心肌梗死时心电图aVR导联QRS波群形态的改变。方法分析89例急性下壁心肌梗死患者心梗前、后以及1年后的心电图和100例经冠状动脉造影证实的无冠心病患者的心电图,分析aVR导联QRS波群形态的变化。结果急性下壁心肌梗死前和无冠心病患者的心电图aVR导联QRS波群多呈q(Q)r型(89.2%),少数呈QS型(10.8%);下壁心肌梗死后及1年后心电图aVR导联QRS波群多呈rs(S)型(86.21%),少数呈QS型(12.77%),极少数呈Qr型(1.02%)。结论下壁心肌梗死后心电图aVR导联QRS波群多呈r(sS)型。     

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者生活质量观察分析

目的：采用心绞痛问卷（SAQ）对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者生活质量进行评估,探讨影响患者生活质量的因素。方法：以在我院就诊且在就诊前1个月自觉有心绞痛症状的急性STEMI患者178例为研究对象,所有患者均进行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）术,根据冠状动脉病变积分（CSS）评分分为轻度、中度和重度病变组,比较不同组患者生活质量差异及进行相关分析。结果：冠脉重度病变组SAQ活动受限程度评分明显低于轻度和中度组分别为[（72±22.8）分比（80±15.6）分比（78±18.8）分,P〈0.01]。对于SAQ活动受限程度的影响因素为年龄、性别和CSS评分（P均〈0.001）。结论：年龄、性别、冠脉病变程度等是影响急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者生活质量的因素。     

Clinical significance of inferior ST elevation during acute anterior myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES--To clarify the genesis and clinical significance of inferior ST elevation during acute anterior myocardial infarction. PATIENTS AND DESIGN--A total of 106 patients with first acute anterior myocardial infarction (< or = 6 h) were divided into two groups according to the presence (group A, n = 12) or absence (group B, n = 94) of ST elevation of > or = 1 mm in at least two of the inferior leads on the admission electrocardiogram. RESULTS--On admission electrocardiograms, group A had a smaller summed ST deviation in the lateral limb leads than group B. On emergency coronary arteriograms, the incidence of a wrapped left anterior descending artery was higher in group A than in group B (100% v 27%, P < 0.01). The incidence of occlusion of a left anterior descending artery distal to its first diagonal branch was higher in group A than in group B (100% v 46%, P < 0.01). Peak serum creatine kinase activity and in-hospital mortality tended to be lower in group A than in group B. Group A had better left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion in the anterobasal and anterolateral regions in the chronic phase than group B. In contrast, regional wall motion in the diaphragmatic region was reduced to a greater extent in group A than in group B. CONCLUSIONS--Inferior ST elevation during acute anterior myocardial infarction appears only in the presence of a combination of a lesser degree of transmural ischaemic myocardium in the anterobasal and anterolateral wall together with transmural ischaemic myocardium in the inferior wall; in all cases there was occlusion of a wrapped left anterior descending artery distal to its first diagonal branch. Patients with such an ST elevation appear to have a better in-hospital prognosis than those without it.     

急性前壁心肌梗塞时下壁导联心电图ST段变化的意义

探讨ＥＣＧ胸前导联ＳＴ段抬高伴下壁Ⅱ，Ⅲ，ａＶＦ导联ＳＴ段压低与冠状动脉病变的关系。对６０例急性前壁心肌梗塞病例进行回顾分析，所有病人于发病后４周左右行冠状动脉造影检查。结果（１）３３例前降支单支血管病狭窄达９０％－１００％组，７７．８％出现Ⅱ，Ⅲ，ａＶＦ导联ＳＴ段压低０．１≥ｍＶ，狭窄７０％８９％组仅２３．１％出现Ⅱ，Ⅲ，ａＶＦ导联ＳＴ段压低≥０．１ｍＶ，两组间在统计学差异有极显著性。（２）６０     

Clinical significance of precordial ST segment depression during acute inferior myocardial infarction

To investigate the mechanisms and clinical significance of precordial (V1-V4) ST segment depression during acute inferior myocardial infarction, stress thallium-201 scintigrams and coronary angiograms were obtained within four to eight weeks after the onset of myocardial infarction in 37 patients experiencing their first acute inferior myocardial infarction. Among 18 patients with precordial ST depression (group 1), 11 with concomitant disease of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) had positive results on exercise test, whereas in seven patients without LAD lesion, only two had positive exercise test (p less than 0.01). In 19 patients without precordial ST depression (group 2), 11 had severe stenosis in the LAD. However, among these 11 patients, only two had positive exercise tests. Patients with precordial ST depression demonstrated a higher frequency of positive exercise tests than those without it (p less than 0.01). On stress thallium-201 scintigraphy, a perfusion defect involving the inferior wall was present in all patients, but additional anterior wall ischemia was present in only five of the 18 patients in group 1. These five patients had chest pain on exercise tests and a severe stenosis greater than 90% in the LAD. There was no significant difference in the frequency of additional posterolateral wall infarction between groups 1 and 2. In 18 patients in group 1, sigma ST (total degrees of ST segment depression in leads V1, V2, V3, and V4 in the acute stage) was significantly greater in 11 patients with LAD lesion than in seven without (p less than 0.05), and sigma ST greater than five mm was observed in 12 of 13 patients who had additional anterior wall ischemia and posterolateral wall infarction on stress thallium-201 scintigraphy (p less than 0.05). Myocardial revascularization, such as aortocoronary bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), was performed in six of the 18 patients in group 1 in the chronic stage, but in only one of the 19 patients in group 2. Thus, in patients with initial acute inferior myocardial infarction, those with precordial ST depression seemed to be a high-risk group. It was suggested that, during the early stage of myocardial infarction, this abnormality on electrocardiograms is related to the summation of effects of anterior wall ischemia and posterolateral wall infarction. Furthermore, the sigma ST evaluation is useful in differentiating a mirror image of inferior wall infarction from anterior wall ischemia and posterolateral wall infarction as the mechanism of precordial ST depression.     

急性前壁心肌梗死合并下壁导联ST段下移的临床意义

48例首次急性前壁心肌梗死患者中伴下壁导联ST段平均下移>1mm、持续时间>48h者,CK和CK-MB的平均峰值更高,核素检查左室射血分数<40％,左室下壁运动障碍、出现放射性稀疏或缺损区的发生率也更高(P<0.05或<0.01)。说明这类病人有下壁心肌缺血,且可能心肌坏死面积更广。