前列腺液白细胞数检测对男性不育的诊断意义

对我院520例男性不育患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,依据其前列腺液(EPS)的白细胞计数将患者分为A组(炎症组186例)与B组(非炎症组334例)。全部患者予以EPS常规检查以及解脲支原体的培养,并检测精液的主要参数,对精子的形态进行分析。结果 A组患者前列腺液中WBC>10个/HP,B组WBC<10个/HP。A组患者精液中精子的密度与精子的活动率,以及a+b级的活力精子率和精子其顶体酶的阳性率均较B组低(P<0.05)。     

精液中维生素 B12和叶酸浓度与精液参数的相关性分析

目的：了解精液中维生素B12和叶酸浓度与精液参数的相关性。方法选择特发性弱精子症确诊患者71例（患者组）及精液常规参数检测结果均正常的健康男性74例（对照组）,检测其精液标本中维生素B12和叶酸的浓度,分析其与精液参数的相关性。结果对照组精液中维生素B12的浓度高于患者组（ P＜0．05）,叶酸浓度组间比较差异则无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。相关性分析显示,精液中叶酸和维生素B12的浓度水平呈正相关,叶酸浓度和精液p H值呈负相关,维生素B12浓度与精子活率、精子活力、精子密度、a＋b级精子百分率、a＋b＋c级精子密度、a＋b＋c级精子百分率均呈正相关。结论精液中维生素B12浓度与精液参数的变化具有一定的相关性,维生素B12对提高精子活力和活率具有较好的作用。     

久坐对男性精液质量的影响

目的探讨久坐对男性精液质量的影响。方法 150例不育男性患者(不育久坐组70例,不育非久坐组80例)与对照组95例,自愿填写调查问卷,从精液的量、液化时间、pH、精子密度、精子活率、精子活力(a+b)和前向运动(a+b)精子数等参数方面进行分析,所有参数的测定和比较均按照世界卫生组织(WHO)标准。结果不育非久坐组、不育久坐组与对照组比较,精液量、pH无显著差异(P>0.05),液化时间则显著延长(P<0.05),精子密度、精子活力(a+b)、精子活率、前向运动(a+b)精子数等差异极显著(P<0.01);不育久坐组与不育非久坐组比较,精子活率显著降低(P<0.05),精子密度、精子活力(a+b)和前向运动(a+b)精子数差异极显著(P<0.01)。结论长时间久坐会引起男性精液质量下降。     

精子膜表面抗精子抗体对精液常规参数的影响分析

男性不育症患者1051例,对其进行精液常规分析及精子膜表面抗精子抗体检测,并根据患者检测结果中精子膜表面抗精子抗体是否呈阳性,将1051例患者分为阳性组和非阳性组,比较分析两组患者的精子密度、精子活存率、精子活力(a级+b级),进而分析精子膜表面抗精子抗体对精液常规参数的影响。共检出抗精子抗体阳性90例,抗精子抗体阳性率为8.56%,抗体结合部位以头部为主,占52.6%。精子膜表面抗精子抗体阳性组和非阳性组的精子密度、精子存活率、精子活力(a级+b级)均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。精子膜表面抗精子抗体并不影响精液分析的各项参数,由此可见,精液各项参数的分析不宜用于男性免疫因素不育的诊断。     

男性不育患者精浆miR-551b水平变化及其临床价值

目的 检测和分析男性不育症患者精浆miR-551b水平变化,探讨其作为男性不育症辅助分子标志物的可能性。方法 选取2008年11月～2015年3月在南京总医院生殖医学中心和江苏省中医院男科门诊确诊的92例男性不育症患者及同期招募的34例年龄匹配正常生育男性精液标本,记录患者及对照临床资料,测定患者及对照精液参数包括精子密度、精子活率、a级精子比例、a+b级精子比例及部分精浆生化指标α-糖苷、酸性磷酸酶、肉毒碱、果糖水平。实时荧光定量PCR技术(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)检测和比较弱精症、非梗阻性无精症患者及正常生育男性精浆中miR-551b含量变化,统计分析精浆miR-551b临床价值及与精液参数、精浆生化指标相关性。结果 qRT-PCR结果显示,正常生育组精浆miR-551b水平为20.63(9.59,37.83)fmol/L,弱精症患者为62.29(25.22,101.43)fmol/L,较正常生育组显著升高(U=297.00); 无精症患者精浆miR-551b水平为4.70(2.41,13.71)fmol/L,较正常生育组明显降低(U=356.00),差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析显示,精浆miR-551b区分弱精症、无精症患者与正常生育组的ROC曲线下面积(AUC ROC)分别为0.810(95%CI 0.718～0.902)和0.772(95%CI 0.667～0.878); 鉴别弱精症和无精症患者的AUC ROC为0.932(95%CI 0.885～0.979)。Spearman秩相关性分析显示,男性不育患者精浆miR-551b水平与精子密度(r=0.735)、精子活率(r=0.643)、a级精子比例(r=0.672)、a+b级精子比例(r=0.682)及α-糖苷(r=0.375)呈正相关,差异均具有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。逐步多元线性回归结果显示,男性不育症患者精浆miR-551b水平与精子密度呈显著独立相关(β=0.618,P<0.001,校正r²=0.368)。逻辑回归分析显示,精浆miR-551b是弱精症[OR = 24.889(95%CI 5.302～116.843),P<0.001]和无精症[OR=6.303(95%CI 1.316～30.179),P=0.021]的潜在危险因素。结论 男性不育症患者精浆miR-551b水平与正常生育男性存在明显差异,且与精子密度和活力密切相关,有潜力成为男性不育患者辅助诊断和鉴别诊断的新型分子标志物。     

精液不液化对精液质量的影响

目的 探讨精液不液化对精液质量的影响.方法 对54例经精液常规分析证实为精液不液化的患者(观察组)及59例正常生育且精液液化时间正常者(对照组)的精液进行pH值、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)及白细胞定量测定,同时应用清华同方精子质量检测仪对2组精液量、精子密度、精子活力(a+b)等参数进行检测.结果 2组患者的精液量、精子密度、精子存活率比较差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).与对照组比较,观察组精液pH值及白细胞数量高于对照组,精子活动力及ACP含量明显低于对照组(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论 精液不液化对男性不育患者的精子存活率无明显影响,但对精子活动力有显著影响;精液pH值升高、ACP含量降低以及白细胞数量增多与精液不液化有着密切关系.     

精液白细胞数量、液化时间及精子活力的关系探讨

目的通过对精液常规检查结果的分析,探讨白细胞数量与精液液化时间及精子活力的关系。方法回顾性分析8 666例精液常规检验结果,将有精液标本按白细胞数量差别分为3组,A组:白细胞计数不高于1×10~6/mL,B组:白细胞计数为(1~4)×10~6/mL,C组:白细胞计数大于4×10~6/mL。比较3组精液液化时间和精子活力。结果 8 666例精液分析标本中,无精子标本164例(1.9%),有精子标本8 502例(98.1%)。A、B、C 3组分别有7 419例、1 014例和69例。3组中活力正常分别有5 323例、740例和50例;活力异常分别有2 096例、274例和19例。3组中精液液化时间正常分别有4 593例、608例和43例;液化时间异常分别有2 826例、406例和26例。经统计学分析,白细胞数量与液化时间之间无相关性(P=0.712),白细胞数量与精子活力间无相关性(P=0.486)。液化正常组中精子活力正常和异常分别为1 217例和4 027例,液化异常组中精子活力正常和异常分别为1 172例和2 086例,差异有统计学意义(P=0.0000.05)。结论精液中白细胞数量与精液液化及精子活力无关,液化时间与精子活力有关。     

复方玄驹胶囊联合星状神经阻滞治疗男性不育少弱精子症对精液质量及激素水平的影响研究

目的 研究复方玄驹胶囊联合星状神经阻滞治疗男性不育少弱精子症对精液质量、激素水平的影响。方法 按随机数字表法将我院2018.2-2021.2期间收治的少弱精子症（n=300）患者分为对照组（n=150,单纯进行星状神经阻滞治疗）与观察组（n=150,星状神经阻滞+复方玄驹胶囊口服治疗）。观察两组患者的精液质量、激素水平以及不良反应情况。结果 治疗前两组患者精子密度、精子存活率、精液量、a级精子比例以及（a+b）级精子比例对比均无差异,P＞0.05;治疗后观察组精子密度、精子存活率精液量、a级精子比例以及（a+b）级精子比例均大于对照组,P＜0.05。治疗前两组患者T、LH、FSH以及E2水平对比均无差异,P＞0.05;治疗后观察组T、LH以及FSH水平大于对照组,E2水平小于对照组,P＜0.05。观察组不良反应发生率与对照组并无差异（8.00% vs 5.33%）,P＞0.05。结论 少弱精子症患者应用复方玄驹胶囊效果较好,改善患者激素水平的同时,提高精子质量和数量,临床安全性高,值得临床应用及推广。     

精浆中瘦素浓度与生殖内分泌激素的相关性及其对精子功能的影响

目的 探讨精浆中瘦素(lep)浓度与生殖内分泌激素睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)浓度之间的相关性,以及对精子密度、运动能力及有关生殖功能指标的影响.方法 随机选择126例不育症患者和30名具有正常生育能力的健康男性对照者,分别应用放射免疫分析(RIA)技术检测其精浆中的lep、T、FSH和LH浓度,应用免疫放射分析(IRMA)技术检测其精浆中的IGF-1浓度.根据精子数量的多少将不育症组分为A组(精子数≥20×109/L,即精子数量正常组)、B组(精子数<20×109/L,即少精子症组)和C组(无精子症组);根据精液分析中10个高倍视野(HPF)出现WBC的多少,分为WBC精液组(精液中WBC≥1×109/L)和非WBC精液组(精液中WBC<1×109/L);根据精子活力和活动率情况,将不育症A组分为精子活力正常组(a+b≥50%)和不良组(a+b<50%)(a:快速前向运动精子数,b:慢速或呆滞前向运动精子数),精子活动率正常组(活动率≥60%)和下降组(活动率<60%);根据健康对照组检测结果,将不育症A和B组分为精子穿透力正常组(穿透力>140 mm)和下降组(穿透力<40mm),精子顶体完整率正常组(完整率≥80%)和下降组(完整率<80%),精子尾部肿胀率正常组(肿胀率≥60%)和下降组(肿胀率<60%).结果 不育症组精浆中lep浓度为(2.77±0.80)μg/L,明显高于健康对照组的(1.14±0.31)μg/L,差异有统计学意义(t=10.943,p<0.05);IGF-1和T浓度分别为(17.67±8.09)μg/L和(4.84±2.15)nmol/L,明显低于健康对照组的(24.79±9.32)μg/L和(6.30±2.53)nmol/L,差异有统计学意义(t=4.205、3.228,P均<0.01);FSH和LH浓度分别为(32.61±9.14)U/L和(40.57±12.40)U/L,与健康对照组的(29.63±7.56)U/L和(37.25±9.19)U/L比较,差异无统计学意义(t=1.655、1.378,P均>0.05).不育症组精浆中lep浓度与IGF-1和T浓度之间存在明显的负相关(r=-0.237、-0.316,P均<0.01),与FSH和LH浓度之间均无相关性(r=0.104、0.112,P均>0.05);A、B、C3组的lep浓度有逐渐增高趋势(F=115.93,p<0.01).不育症组中的精子活力与活动率正常组、非WBC精液组,以及精子穿透力、尾部肿胀率和顶体完整率正常组的lep含量均低于不正常(或下降)组.结论 精浆中lep浓度与IGF-1、T之间存在一定的相关性,其可能通过抑制雄激素分泌和影响精子获能等导致精子密度下降和抑制精子的活力及活动率.     

SQA-V全自动精子质量分析仪在精液检测中的应用

目的 通过精液质量分析仪在男性不育症中的临床应用,为男性不育患者提供诊断和治疗依据.方法 使用SQA-V全自动精液质量分析仪对981例精液标本的一般性状、精子密度、精子活率、精子活力和精子畸形率等主要指标进行分析.结果 981例精液标本中,正常精液171例,占17.4%,异常精液标本810例,占82.6%,其中液化时间异常476例,精子密度异常242例,精子活率异常614例,精子活力异常[(a+b)%<50%]669例,精子活力异常(a%<25%)749例,精子畸形率异常747例,无精子38例.结论 应用全自动精液分析仪检测患者指标准确可靠.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.