可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1对脓毒血症早期诊断价值

目的探讨可溶性髓样细胞触发受体-1(soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1,sTREM-1)对脓毒血症的早期诊断价值。方法 81例全身炎症反应综合征患者,根据脓毒血症诊断标准分为脓毒血症组35例与SIRS组46例,选择体检健康者30名为对照组,检测3组血清sTREM-1、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、C反应蛋白(C reactive protein,CRP)水平。结果脓毒血症组与SIRS组患者血清sTREM-1,PCT及CRP水平均高于对照组(P<0.05);脓毒血症组血清sTREM-1与PCT水平高于SIRS组(P<0.05),CRP水平与SIRS组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清sTREM-1是脓毒血症早期诊断的辅助指标,其灵敏度和特异性高于PCT和CRP。     

血清降钙素原在细菌感染中的临床应用研究

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)作为细菌感染标志物在临床的应用价值。方法采用队列研究方法对该院2013年8月至2015年12月的脓毒血症组32例、非感染性全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)组32例、对照组32例的血清PCT、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)和中性粒细胞百分率(NEUT%)进行检测,并对脓毒血症组进行抗菌药物治疗后动态检测,统计分析对细菌感染诊断的特异度、灵敏度。结果脓毒血症组血清PCT水平显著高于非感染性SIRS组和对照组(P0.05);脓毒血症组CRP、WBC、NEUT%与非感染性SIRS组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但均高于对照组(P0.05)。脓毒血症组经抗菌药物治疗后,血清PCT水平显著降低(P0.05);CRP、WBC与NEUT%均保持较高水平,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCT对细菌性感染诊断的灵敏度与特异度分别100.0%和93.8%,与CRP、WBC和NEUT%比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论血清PCT对细菌性感染诊断具有良好的灵敏度和特异度,同时能够反映细菌感染的严重程度和抗菌药物的治疗效果。CRP、WBC和NEUT%对细菌性感染诊断特异度较差,但不失为一个炎性指标。     

降钙素原、C-反应蛋白在脓毒血症诊断中的临床意义

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平在脓毒血症诊断中的临床意义。方法选取脓毒血症患者72例(脓毒血症组)及同时间段内收治的非脓毒血症患者72例(对照组),测定两组血清PCT、CRP水平,并记录脓毒血症组21 d内预后(死亡或好转)情况。结果脓毒血症组血清PCT、CRP水平均高于对照组(P<0.01);脓毒血症组中脓毒症休克患者血清PCT、CRP水平均高于未休克脓毒症患者(P<0.01);脓毒血症组病死率为19.44%,住院21 d内死亡患者入院时血清PCT、CRP水平高于存活患者(P<0.01)。结论检测血清PCT、CRP对于脓毒血症的早期的诊断及预后均有临床指导意义。     

血清PCT、IL-6水平及SIRS对严重多发伤脓毒血症早期诊断临床研究

目的:探讨降钙素原(PCT)、白介素6(IL-6)及全身炎性反应综合征(SIRS)在早期诊断严重多发伤患者脓毒血症的临床应用价值。方法:记录50例严重多发伤患者伤后SIRS病情变化,检测伤后(d0)及伤后第1天早晨血清PCT、IL-6及CRP水平,并进行比较分析。结果:36例患者发生全身炎性反应综合征而无全身感染(SIRS组),14例患者在并发脓毒血症(Sepsis组);血清PCT及IL-6在Sepsis组伤后第1天就有明显升高(P<0.05),但是CRP相近;血清PCT及IL-6水平结合SIRS表现诊断多发伤后脓毒血症特异性和敏感性更高。结论:严重多发伤后第1天血清PCT和IL-6水平变化可以作为脓毒血症的早期指标,为早期诊断及治疗提供基础。     

血清sTREM-1对肝硬化伴全身炎症反应综合征患者早期诊断及预后判断的意义

目的探讨血清可溶性髓样细胞触发受体1(sTREM-1)水平在肝硬化伴全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)患者中的早期诊断及预后判断的意义。方法共收集肝硬化患者95例,分为两组:肝硬化伴SIRS组(A组)45例,肝硬化不伴SIRS组(B组)50例;收集A、B两组人群的肝功能、血肌酐、血常规、凝血酶原时间、C反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)等临床资料。采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测两组人群血清sTREM-1水平,比较分析两组临床资料。采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)分析血清sTREM-1水平在肝硬化伴SIRS的早期诊断价值;观察两组患者90d内预后情况,分为存活组与死亡组,分析两组相关指标差异。结果 A组年龄、总胆红素、血肌酐、凝血酶原时间、感染率、Child-Pugh C级患者比例、90d病死率明显高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);A组白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞比例(GR)、CRP、PCT、sTREM-1明显高于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);WBC、GR、CRP、PCT、sTREM-1的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.716、0.775、0.870、0.850、0.966;sTREM-1灵敏度、特异度最高,分别为0.860、0.956。死亡组GR、PCT、sTREM-1高于存活组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 sTREM-1水平在肝硬化伴SIRS早期可升高,有助SIRS发生的早期诊断。     

血清PCT、CRP与APACHEⅡ评分联合检测对ICU老年重症感染的临床意义

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)与急性生理学和慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分联合检测在重症监护病房(ICU)老年重症患者感染诊断中的临床价值。方法选取2014年2月至2016年8月该院ICU病房260例老年重症患者,分为2组,感染组135例(一般感染77例、脓毒血症58例),非感染组125例。空腹采集2组患者外周静脉血,检测血清PCT、CRP水平和APACHEⅡ评分,并比较2组患者各指标。以细菌培养和临床诊断作为金标准,分析各指标在重症感染的阳性率。结果感染组患者血清PCT、CRP水平均显著高于非感染组(P0.05);感染组的脓毒血症亚组患者血清各指标也高于一般感染亚组(P0.05)。感染组与非感染组APACHEⅡ评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),但脓毒血症亚组患者APACHEⅡ评分显著高于一般感染亚组(P0.05)。血清PCT和CRP联合检测的灵敏度(97.04%)高于单项检测(91.11%、88.15%),且漏诊率最低(2.96%)。结论血清PCT、CRP在重症患者细菌感染中均具有诊断意义,且联合诊断具有高灵敏度;APACHEⅡ评分可评估病情严重程度,血清PCT、CRP与APACHEⅡ评分联合检测对老年重症患者病情诊断具有临床价值。     

PCT及CRP联合检测在新生儿感染性疾病诊断中的价值

目的探讨降钙素原(PCT)及C反应蛋白(CRP)在新生儿感染性疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法选取2012年1月至2016年12月在该院治疗的患有感染性疾病的新生儿75例,其中重症感染患儿34例(重症感染组),局部感染患儿41例(局部感染组),同时选取40例非感染性疾病患儿作为对照(非感染组),检测各组患儿血清PCT和CRP水平。结果重症感染组患儿PCT和CRP水平明显高于局部感染组和非感染组(P0.017);局部感染组患儿PCT和CRP水平明显高于非感染组(P0.017);重症感染组和局部感染组患儿治疗后PCT和CRP水平均较治疗前有所降低(P0.05);重症感染组患儿治疗后CRP水平明显高于局部感染组(P0.05);PCT截断值为1.37g/L时,其诊断灵敏度和特异度分别为78.70%和100.00%;CRP截断值为7.79mg/L时,其诊断灵敏度和特异度分别为90.70%和97.50%;PCT和CRP联合诊断新生儿感染性疾病的灵敏度和特异度分别为94.67%和97.50%。结论 PCT和CRP联合检测在新生儿感染性疾病诊断中有较好的诊断价值,值得临床使用。     

PCT及sTREM-1检测在老年SIRS患者中的临床应用

目的 探讨检测老年全身炎症反应综合征（SIRS）患者血清中降钙素原（PCT）及可溶性髓样细胞触发性受体-1（sTREM-1）的临床应用价值.方法 89例临床诊断为老年SIRS患者为SIRS组,其中发展为多器官功能障碍综合征（MODS）的患者27例为MODS组,40例健康体检者为对照组,用酶联免疫分析法检测PCT及sTREM-1,同时采集抗凝血检测白细胞.比较SIRS组、MODS组及对照组间上述各指标的差异.结果 SIRS组、MODS组的血清PCT、sTREM-1的水平及白细胞计数均明显高于对照组（P均＜0.01）;MODS组的PCT和sTREM-1水平明显高于SIRS组（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）,白细胞计数两者相近（P＞0.05）.结论 血清中PCT、sTREM-1水平在SIRS、MODS患者及正常人中差异显著,二者均可作为老年SIRS的早期诊断和病情判定指标.     

小儿脓毒血症患者血清PCT、CRP及心肌酶谱表达水平及诊断价值分析

【摘要】目的：探讨小儿脓毒血症患者血清降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）及心肌酶表达水平及诊断价值。方法：选取我院2017年4月到2022年4月收治的170例脓毒症患儿作为研究对象,将患儿分为脓毒血症组,选取同期来我院治疗的感染型疾病,非脓毒血症的170例患儿作为非脓毒血症组。对比两组患儿PCT、CRP及心肌酶谱表达情况,采用ROC曲线,对于PCT、CRP、心肌酶谱的诊断效能进行分析。结果：两组患儿PCT、CRP表达对比差异显著,脓毒血症组明显高于非脓毒血症组（P＜0.05）;两组患儿CK、CK-MB、LDH、α-HBDH表达对比差异显著,脓毒血症组明显高于非脓毒血症组（P＜0.05）;通过绘制ROC曲线,分析表1中组间具有明显差异的指标,确定其对脓毒血症的诊断效能,结果显示,曲线下面积(AUC)从低到高依次为CRP（0.632）、PCT（0.678）、心肌酶谱（0.682）、联合诊断（0.837）。CRP诊断灵敏度为43.26%,特异度为51.54%。PCT诊断灵敏度为53.82%,特异度为61.36%。心肌酶谱诊断灵敏度为65.32%,特异度为87.33%。结论：血清PCT、CRP及心肌酶谱联合检测针对小儿脓毒血症的诊断价值高于单一检测,且灵敏度和特异度能够达到87.36%和93.56%。对于小儿脓毒血症的早期诊断具有重要判断价值,可为脓毒血症患儿的治疗方案制定提供参考意见。     

血清触珠蛋白、降钙素原、白介素-6联合检测对肝硬化合并自发性细菌性腹膜炎的诊断及其预后分析

目的探讨血清触珠蛋白(HPT)、降钙素原(PCT)和白介素-6(IL-6)联合检测在肝硬化合并自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)患者诊断及预后评估中应用价值。方法我院肝硬化患者241例,根据是否合并SBP分为SBP组和对照组,入院第1d检测血清HPT、PCT和IL-6水平并进行比较,同时随访所有患者治疗效果,将SBP组患者分为好转组和恶化组并比较两组血清HPT、PCT和IL-6水平,分析血清HPT、PCT和IL-6对肝硬化合并SBP患者诊断和预后评估的临床价值。结果 241例肝硬化患者中合并SBP者105例(43.57%),其中治疗后病情恶化者24例(22.86%)。SBP组血清HPT、PCT和IL-6水平高于对照组,且恶化组血清HPT、PCT和IL-6水平高于好转组(P0.05);血清HPT、PCT、IL-6及联合检测诊断肝硬化合并SBP的AUC分别为0.820、0.881、0.785和0.937,其中PCT以4.83 mg/L为阈值时灵敏度和特异度分别为76.19%和88.97%,联合检测灵敏度和特异度分别为82.86%和91.91%;血清HPT、PCT、IL-6及联合检测评估肝硬化合并SBP患者预后的AUC分别为0.765、0.690、0.728和0.860,其中HPT以2.21 g/L为阈值时灵敏度和特异度分别为75.00%和72.84%,联合检测灵敏度和特异度分别为87.50%和77.78%。结论血清HPT、PCT和IL-6联合检测对肝硬化合并SBP患者诊断及预后评估均具有较高准确率,可为临床诊断和治疗提供参考依据。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。