头孢美唑对肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌活性

目的 :评价头孢美唑对肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌活性。方法 :收集临床标本分离的肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌共 4 2 6株 ,用Kirby Bauer琼脂扩散法作药敏试验 ;用表型确证试验检测超广谱 β内酰胺酶 (ESBLs)。 结果 :4 2 6株肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌中 ,头孢美唑的抑菌率为 91.1% ,逊于亚胺培南 (10 0 % )、头孢哌酮 舒巴坦 (10 0 % )、哌拉西林 三唑巴坦 (99.5 % )和头孢吡肟 (94 .4 % ) ,明显优于青霉素类抗生素哌拉西林 (48.8% )和第二代头孢菌素头孢呋辛 (6 0 .1% ) ,也优于第三代头孢菌素头孢曲松 (6 2 .9% )、头孢噻肟 (6 4 .8% )、头孢哌酮 (6 5 .7% )和头孢他啶 (88.3% )。 14 2株 (33.3% )菌株经表型确证试验证实为产ESBLs;头孢美唑对产ESBLs株的抑菌率为 87.3%。结论 :头孢美唑对肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌的体外抗菌活性优于第二、三代头孢菌素 ,逊于亚胺培南、头孢哌酮 舒巴坦、哌拉西林 三唑巴坦和第四代头孢菌素头孢吡肟。头孢美唑可用于产ESBLs株引起感染的治疗。     

血液病住院患者血培养分离菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的了解血液科病房血培养分离病原菌的分布及其耐药现状。方法药敏试验采用纸片扩散法。用WHONET5.6软件进行数据分析。结果共分离出521株病原微生物,其中革兰阴性菌47.2%,革兰阳性菌45.7%,真菌7.1%。主要为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌154株、大肠埃希菌88株、肺炎克雷伯菌51株、铜绿假单胞菌39株和肠球菌属34株。肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌超广谱β内酰胺酶(ESBL)阳性率分别为40.4%和63.4%。大肠埃希菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南敏感率90%,对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦敏感率70%;肺炎克雷伯菌对美罗培南、亚胺培南敏感率85%,对左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦的头孢哌酮-舒巴坦的敏感率70%;铜绿假单胞菌对环丙沙星、妥布霉素敏感率90%,对左氧氟沙星、美罗培南、亚胺培南、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦的敏感率均70%。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和肠球菌属对利奈唑胺、替考拉宁敏感率均90%。MRCNS检出率为82.5%。检出耐碳青霉烯类大肠埃希菌3株、肺炎克雷伯菌4株和耐万古霉素肠球菌8株。结论革兰阴性菌是血液病患者血流感染主要致病菌,常见革兰阴性菌对哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、美罗培南、亚胺培南较敏感,革兰阳性菌对利奈唑胺、替考拉宁较为敏感。这对临床经验性用药具有很大指导作用。     

细菌性腹膜炎患者腹水分离大肠埃希菌耐药性分析

摘要 目的 探讨肝病并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎（SBP）患者腹水中大肠埃希菌的耐药情况,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法对2011年10月-2014年10月,济南市传染病医院收治的肝病并发SBP患者腹水标本中大肠埃希菌的药敏试验结果及超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果患者腹水中分离的105株大肠埃希菌对16种临床常用抗菌药物产生了不同程度的耐药。产ESBLs菌株的检出率为41%,耐药率均高于非产ESBLs菌株,其中对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦及头孢吡肟的耐药率<40%,对亚胺培南/西司他丁的耐药率为5%,对美罗培南与比阿培南未产生耐药。结论山东济南地区肝病并发SBP患者抗感染治疗的经验性用药可选择哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢吡肟,严重感染者可首选碳青霉烯类抗菌药物。     

2006年至2008年呼吸道铜绿假单胞菌药敏变化趋势

目的 了解近3年本院呼吸道铜绿假单胞菌药敏变化趋势,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物.方法 收集并分析2006年至2008年我院呼吸道标本铜绿假单胞菌药敏资料.结果 近3年来,对铜绿假单胞菌敏感率增幅排在前5位的抗菌药依次是头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、亚胺培南.2006年,对铜绿假单胞菌敏感率超过70%抗菌药为阿米卡星:2007年为亚胺培南、阿米卡星、氨曲南和环丙沙星;2008年为阿米卡星、亚胺培南、环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星.中介敏感比率呈上升趋势的抗菌药物有氨曲南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢噻肟.3年来,中介敏感比率保持在10%以上的抗菌药物有关罗培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、左氧氟沙星和头孢吡肟.耐药率降幅前5位依次为头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星.3年来,铜绿假单胞菌耐药率均低于20%抗菌药为阿米卡星;耐药率在20%～30%抗菌药为亚胺培南和美罗培南.结论 近3年头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、亚胺培南等对铜绿假单胞菌敏感性逐年增加.2008年,阿米卡星、亚胺培南、环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星等对铜绿假单胞菌存在较高敏感率.     

135株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌耐药性分析

目的：了解临床分离的产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLS）大肠埃希菌的耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对郸城县人民医院2011年1月至2012年12月临床科室送检的标本中分离的135株产 ESBLS 大肠埃希菌药敏结果进行统计分析。结果135株产 ESBLS 大肠埃希菌临床科室分布：外一科（普外科、烧伤科）占38.5%,外三科（胸外科、泌尿外科）占14.8%,呼吸科占9.6%,肛肠科占8.1%,门诊部占6.7%,骨科占5.9%,ICU 占4.4%,其余科室合计占11.6%;对常用抗菌药物的耐药率：氨苄西林、哌拉西林、头孢唑林、头孢呋辛全部耐药,头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、复方磺胺甲噁唑、四环素、环丙沙星均大于80%,头孢吡肟、庆大霉素、左氧氟沙星、氨曲南均大于75%,头孢他啶、氨苄西林/舒巴坦均为65.2%,阿莫西林/克拉维酸为68.9%,均大于65%,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦为31.1%,阿米卡星为17.0%、头孢西丁为10.0%、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦为8.1%、亚胺培南和美罗培南均为0,对亚胺培南、美罗培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星、头孢西丁有较高的敏感率。结论临床分离的产 ESBLS 大肠埃希菌耐药严重,应重点加强其耐药性检测,合理使用抗菌药物。     

2006-2007年度中国西北地区十家临床教学医院肠杆菌科细菌耐药性监测分析

目的 监测中国西北地区十家教学医院2006～2007年度临床分离的肠杆菌科菌群分布及其耐药性.方法 常规方法培养分离医院内感染病原菌,并应用半自动或全自动细菌鉴定分析仪鉴定到种,药敏试验方法按CLSI规定的标准进行.监测数据按卫生部全国细菌耐药监测(Mohnarin)中心设计方案的要求定期上报.采用WHONET5.4软件进行数据统计分析.结果 西北地区10家教学医院共分离出肠杆菌科细菌6 422株,排名前五位的菌属分别为:埃希氏菌属2 935株(45.70%)、克雷伯菌属1 929株(30.04%)、肠杆菌属818株(12.74%)、变形杆菌属266株(4.14%)、枸橼酸杆菌属147株(2.29%).对于ESBL的阳性率,大肠埃希菌(68.28%)高于肺炎克雷伯菌(45.14%).所有肠杆菌科细菌对亚胺培南、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率均<30%;对阿米卡星、头孢吡肟的耐药率均<40%;对其它三代头孢菌素不同程度耐药.大肠埃希菌对左氧氟沙星和环丙沙星的耐药率为63.00%～87.50%.结论 碳青霉烯类、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星和头孢吡肟对肠杆菌科细菌均有较好的抗菌活性.大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌ESBL酶的阳性率呈上升趋势,可能与临床长期广泛不合理使用头孢菌素有关,应引起高度重视.大肠埃希菌对喹诺酮类药物的耐药性日趋增高,应慎重使用.针对肠杆菌科细菌的感染临床应根据细菌的耐药表型检测和药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物.     

某中医院246例尿道感染大肠埃希菌临床分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨尿路感染病原菌的分布特点及耐药性,为临床抗菌药物的使用提供依据。方法收集2009～2011年尿液标本中分离出的大肠埃希菌246株,用VITEK-32鉴定仪鉴定,药敏试验采用K-B纸片扩散法。结果 246株大肠埃希菌中超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株112株,阳性率高达45.5%。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、美洛培南、阿米卡星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦的耐药率小于20.0%;对头孢唑啉、氨苄西林、环丙沙星、头孢曲松和左氧氟沙星头孢曲松、哌拉西林的耐药率大于60.0%。产ESBLs菌株对常用的18种抗生素耐药性高于非产ESBLs菌株。结论临床尿液标本分离大肠埃希菌耐药率和耐药性逐年增强,临床医师应该重视病原菌的培养和药物敏感试验,根据药敏结果合理应用抗菌药物。     

1164株临床常见病原菌的分离及细菌耐药性监测

目的连续对临床标本细菌分离和耐药性的监测分析,了解细菌分布及变迁,常见致病菌耐药性变化趋势。方法对2006~2008年从临床标本分离的1164株细菌统计及对常见细菌耐药率分析。结果分离细菌中均以革兰阴性杆菌为主(54%),由高到低的排序为大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌。大肠埃希菌和克雷伯菌属中超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBL)阳性率为35.6%,其敏感率为亚胺培南100%,头孢吡肟78.6%,哌拉西林/他唑巴坦69.2%;铜绿假单胞菌和其他非发酵菌敏感率分别为亚胺培南88%、头孢他啶81.5%、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦77.8%、头孢吡肟74.1%、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦71.4%;耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)阳性率为66.4%。结论临床医生要重视细菌耐药性监测工作,掌握细菌变迁及细菌耐药性变化动向,提高抗菌药物合理使用水平。     

急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎胆汁细菌培养与药敏分析

目的:了解急性梗阻性化脓性胆管炎(AOSC)患者胆汁细菌培养病原菌菌谱及药敏反应情况.方法:应用Vitek 60全自动细菌鉴定及药敏分析系统对65例AOSC患者胆汁样本进行细菌鉴定及药敏分析.结果:胆汁细菌培养阳性率为90%,主要菌种有大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌、阴沟肠杆菌等.致病菌中革兰氏阴性菌对亚胺培南、呋喃妥因、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦敏感性较好,革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、四环素敏感性较好.结论:本组AOSC患者胆汁病原菌主要由大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、粪肠球菌构成,病原菌最敏感的药物为亚胺培南、呋喃妥因、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦及万古霉素.     

老年急性肾盂肾炎患者感染危险因素及病原菌耐药情况分析

目的探讨老年患者急性肾盂肾炎的危险因素、病原菌的分布和耐药性。方法选取2014年1月至2018年12月就诊的98例≥65岁的急性肾盂肾炎患者作为急性肾盂肾炎组,选取同期≥65岁的急性下尿路感染患者64例作为对照组,采用Logistic回归分析老年患者发生急性肾盂肾炎的危险因素,并总结病原菌分布及其耐药情况。结果多因素分析显示,随机血糖≥11.0 mmol/L、低蛋白血症(血清清蛋白<35 g/L)、尿路结石为急性肾盂肾炎的危险因素(P<0.05)。急性肾盂肾炎组分离出52株病原菌(53.06%),其中大肠埃希菌45株(86.54%),产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)大肠埃希菌15株(28.85%)。大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林、哌拉西林、四环素、复方磺胺甲噁唑、头孢唑林的耐药率较高(>47.00%),而对头孢西丁、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、哌拉西林/三唑巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、亚胺培南、美罗培南、阿米卡星的耐药率较低(<5.00%)。产ESBLs大肠埃希菌对哌拉西林、四环素、头孢唑林、头孢噻肟、头孢呋辛、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、氨曲南、头孢吡肟及头孢他啶的耐药率较非产ESBLs大肠埃希菌明显升高(P<0.05)。结论合并随机血糖升高、低蛋白血症、尿路结石的老年尿路感染患者,需高度警惕发生急性肾盂肾炎的可能性,做到及早识别、诊断及治疗,改善总体预后。大肠埃希菌是老年患者急性肾盂肾炎的最主要致病菌,具有较高的耐药率,应积极行尿培养检查以指导临床合理用药。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.