内皮祖细胞功能状态及其调节

自1997年Asahara等首次在成体外周血中发现血管内皮祖细胞（EPC）以来,有关EPC的研究口益增多,彻底改变了传统血管新生的概念。同时,大量动物实验和初步临床研究均显示EPC在治疗缺血性心脏病、外周血管缺血性疾病及血管损伤后再狭窄等方面具有广阔的临床应用前景。近年来,越来越多的学者倾向于EPC是一种细胞的功能状态,而非特指某一群细胞实体。本文围绕这一观点及EPC功能状态的调节作一综述。     

内皮祖细胞与缺血性脑血管病

内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cell,EPC)是一种具有分化和增殖能力的内皮前体细胞,在～定条件下能被动员到缺血组织参与损伤血管的修复和血管新生,被视为血管修复能力的标志.近年来的研究表明,EPC数量的变化在脑缺血的发生和预后中起着重要作用,EPC可能作为一种潜在的治疗策略被应用于缺血性脑血管病.文章就EPC在缺血性脑血管病中的应用进展进行了综述.     

内皮祖细胞移植治疗缺血性脑血管病

一些实验研究表明,内皮祖细胞(EPC)在脑梗死后血管新生中起重要作用。EPC移植有可能为缺血性脑血管病的治疗提供一种全新的治疗策略。文章阐述了新血管形成和EPC与脑缺血的关系,并探讨了EPC移植治疗脑缺血的影响因素和应用前景。     

内皮祖细胞移植治疗缺血性脑血管病

一些实验研究表明，内皮祖细胞（EPC）在脑梗死后血管新生中起重要作用。EPC移植有可能为缺血性脑血管病的治疗提供一种全新的治疗策略。文章阐述了新血管形成和EPC与脑缺血的关系，并探讨了EPC移植治疗脑缺血的影响因素和应用前景。     

内皮祖细胞与缺血性脑血管病

内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cell,EPC)是起源于骨髓的一种下细胞,具有分化为成熟内皮细胞的能力,参与血管内皮修复和促进缺血组织的新生血管形成.EPC水平与缺血性脑血管病的发牛和预后密切相关.EPC移植可改善缺血部位的血液供应、加速血脑屏障修复、促进神经功能恢复,因此在缺血性脑血管病领域可能有着广泛的应用前景.     

内皮祖细胞与缺血性脑血管病的细胞治疗

内皮祖细胞(EPC)是血管内皮细胞的前体细胞,存在于骨髓、外周血和脐血中,并参与出生后的血管发生过程.内源性和外源性因素刺激可动员骨髓EPC进入外周血,参与缺血组织的血管重建和损伤血管的再内皮化过程.血液循环中的EPC数量或质量下降是缺血性卒中预后不良的重要原因之一.EPC移植有可能为缺血性脑血管病的治疗提供一种全新的治疗策略.     

肾上腺髓质素对老年稳定型心绞痛患者内皮祖细胞凋亡的影响

外周血骨髓源肾上腺髓质素(ADM)可以归巢至内皮损伤位点,并分化为内皮细胞参与血管新生[1].更重要的是外周血骨髓源内皮祖细胞(EPC)增强了缺血组织的血管新生和增加外周血EPC数量,可能成为缺血性心脏病临床治疗的有效策略[2];     

亚低温治疗缺血性卒中:从实验向临床转化

作为一种神经保护措施,亚低温在临床实践中的应用与研究已非常广泛.许多疾病,如心脏停搏后脑损伤、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病等,应用亚低温治疗已取得了肯定的疗效.虽然亚低温在治疗缺血性卒中方面已有大量动物实验和临床研究,而且动物实验已证实其具有确切的神经保护作用,但在临床研究中亚低温治疗缺血性卒中的神经保护作用尚未得出一致的结论,其临床疗效似乎并无预期的乐观.因此,有必要对亚低温治疗缺血性卒中由动物实验向临床转化中存在的问题进行分析,为亚低温治疗缺血性卒中的临床应用提供思路.     

骨髓干细胞移植与缺血性心脏病

近些年来 ,国内外大量动物实验研究及临床应用研究表明 ,骨髓干细胞移植在缺血性心脏病治疗上具有极广阔的前景 ,从而为人类解决缺血性心脏病这一公共卫生问题带来新的希望。本文就骨髓干细胞移植在缺血性心脏病中应用进展作一综述。     

血管内皮祖细胞的研究进展

Asahara等1997年首次在Science杂志提出血管内皮祖细胞（endothelial progenitor cell,EPC）以来,有关EPC的研究日益增多。EPC是血管内皮细胞的前体细胞,又称为血管母细胞（angioblast）,不仅参与胚胎血管生成,而且最近几年研究发现,EPC也参与出生后的血管发生过程,提示它在缺血性疾病、防止血管再狭窄、血管创伤愈合等过程中的重要治疗作用和广阔的临床应用前景。本就目前有关EPC的来源、发育分化、动员与归巢及其应用研究作一综述。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

治疗高血压药物的经济学评价

重视高血压治疗中的经济学评价,对利用我国有限的卫生资源来遏制高血压对人民群众的危害有着重要的现实意义。药物经济学对于药物治疗的成本和治疗的结果给予同样的关注。因为治疗高血压的费用,不仅涉及药物价格,还包括患者的危险水平,降压疗效和对临床终点事件的影响,以及治疗的依从性和安全性。因此药物经济学更强调整体成本和价-效比。低危病人,若非药价低廉,治疗的价-效比不够理想。而在高危的患者,价-效比越小越经济而不是药费越便宜越好。