Helicobacter pylori seroprevalence in patients with mild asthma

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is causally related to chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, primary low-grade B-cell gastric lymphoma, and is also a risk factor for gastric cancer. In addition, a high seroprevalence of H. pylori has been found in many extragastrointestinal disorders, including active bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It appears that H. pylori has a close relationship with respiratory diseases, but data in the literature on the relationship between H. pylori infection and asthma are poor. We therefore investigated the relationship between them. In this study we evaluated 46 patients with mild asthma, 48 age- and sex-matched patients with peptic ulcer and 48 healthy control subjects. All enrolled subjects underwent a serologic test for H. pylori IgG and cytotoxin-associated gene-A (CagA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was no significant difference in both anti-H. pylori IgG seropositivity (p=0.6580) and anti-H. pylori-CagA IgG seropositivity (p=0.7183) between the asthmatic and control subjects. In contrast, both anti-H. pylori IgG seropositivity and anti-H. pylori-CagA IgG seropositivity were significantly higher in peptic ulcer patients than these in asthmatic patients (p<0.01). Despite the sero-epidemiological association of H. pylori infection with many inflammatory conditions, our data show no significant association between mild asthma and H. pylori infection.     

长春地区慢性胃病患者幽门螺杆菌感染状况调查

目的通过对本地区慢性胃病患者幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）感染状况调查,了解本地区流行病学特点,为进一步阐明其与慢性胃病发生发展的关系提供理论依据。方法采用ELISA方法测定血清H.pyloriIgG抗体及CagA抗体;采取胃粘膜活检组织进行快速尿素酶试验,调查H.pylori感染情况,分析其与各种疾病的关系。结果1180例慢性胃病患者H.pylori感染率为67.11%,复合性溃疡、十二指肠溃疡、胃溃疡及慢性萎缩性胃炎感染率分别为90.9%、84.57%、83.96%和80.24%。与慢性浅表性胃炎相比差异有显著性。消化性溃疡、慢性萎缩性胃炎、胃癌和胃息肉患者血清Hp-CagA抗体的阳性率明显高于慢性浅表性胃炎（P〈0.05）。结论本地区慢性胃病患者H.pylori感染率高与多数地区的普通人群,H.pylori感染者尤其是CagA阳性者,更易发生慢性萎缩性胃炎、消化性溃疡及胃癌。     

消化性溃疡患者CagA-Hp感染与血清IL-8、IL-10的相关性研究

目的：探讨消化性溃疡（PU）患者伴有CagA-Hp感染与其血清IL-8、IL-10之间的关系。方法：取H.pylori阳性PU患者100例，其中CagA-Hp抗体阳性患者50例，CagA-Hp抗体阴性患者50例，采用ELISA法分别测定其血清IL-8和IL-10水平。结果：消化性溃疡患者中CagA-Hp抗体阳性组血清IL-8和IL-10显著高于CagA-Hp抗体阴性组。CagA-HpIgG抗体阳性患者中，胃溃疡与十二指肠球溃疡患者血清中IL-8和IL-10水平与溃疡发生的部位无关。     

Relationship between CagA-bearing strains of Helicobacter pylori and gastrointestinal pathology

AIM: To study the prevalence of CagA-positive strains of Helicobacter pylori in Novosibirsk residents and to assess their relation to some clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Random sample of the population (218 males and 220 females aged 25-64 years) was examined. Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori and CagA protein were tested in the sera using enzyme immunoassay. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated with questionnaire. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 88%, among H. pylori-positive persons CagA-positivity was revealed in 58%. Presence of antibodies to CagA protein was associated with dyspepsia (OR = 2.5, 95% CI 1.2-2.5) and history of peptic ulcer (OR = 3.6, 95% CI 1.0-14.5). CagA-positive subjects more frequently reported bowel disturbances, diarrhea, in particular (OR = 2.9, 95% CI 1.2-7.4). CONCLUSION: The data showed similar distribution of H. pylori and CagA-positivity among adult population in Russia and Eastern European countries. CagA-positivity is associated with peptic ulcer and dyspepsia.     

Helicobacter pylori associated antral gastritis in peptic ulcer disease patients and normal healthy population of kashmir, India

Aim: To study the association of Helicobacter pylori infection with chronic antral gastritis in peptic ulcer disease patients and healthy population of Kashmir.Methods: 50 peptic ulcer patients (duodenal ulcer = 46, gastric ulcer = 2 and combined duodenal and gastric ulcer = 2) and 30 asymptomatic healthy volunteers were included in this study. Peptic ulcer was diagnosed on endoscopic examination. 4-6 punch biopsies were taken from gastric antrum in all the individuals and in case of gastric ulcer an additional biopsy was taken from the edge of the ulcer to exclude its malignant nature. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) organism was diagnosed using three different test methods, viz. Histology (using Giemsa Stain), Microbiology (Gram Stain) and Biochemistry (using one minute Endoscopy Room Test). Histological diagnosis of H. pylori was taken as the "gold standard" for the presence of H. pylori organism. Histological diagnosis of gastritis was made using Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain and the gastritis was classified as active chronic gastritis and superficial chronic gastritis.Results: Out of 30 peptic ulcer disease patients with associated antral gastritis, 27 (90%) were positive for H. pylori on histological examination (13 superficial chronic gastritis and 14 active chronic gastritis) whereas out of 8 healthy volunteers with histological evidence of chronic antral gastritis, H. pylori was observed in 7 individuals (87.50%) (4 active chronic gastritis and 3 superficial chronic gastritis).Conclusion: A highly significant association between H. pylori infection with chronic antral gastritis both in peptic ulcer disease patients and healthy volunteers of Kashmir was found in this study. Association between H. pylori infection and chronic gastritis was 90% in peptic ulcer group and 87.50% in healthy population (P<0.005).     

湖南地区幽门螺杆菌CagA基因3’端多态性与胃小二指肠疾病的关系

目的 探讨湖南地区幽门螺杆菌（Helifcobacter Hpylori）细胞毒素相关基因（CagA基因）3＇端可变区序列特征及其与胃十二指肠疾病的关系.方法 本地区有明显上消化道症状患者235例,其中慢性胃炎（CG）57例,胃溃疡（GU）62例,十二指肠溃疡（DU）70例,胃癌（GC）46例.于胃镜检查时用灭菌活检钳取胃窦组织1块,分离培养出H.pylori 89株,用PCR法对上述菌株的CagA基因扩增及测序,并通过生物信息学软件进行多重序列比对和相似性分析.结果 H.pylori培养阳性率为37.9%（89/235）,其中H.pylori CagA阳性者占91.7%（77/84）,GU组、DU组和GC组CagA阳性率高于CG组,其差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.77株H.pylori CagA基因3＇端均具有3个EPIYA重复序列,其中第2个EPIYA序列存在3种突变型,占18.2%（14/77）.H.pylori CagA基因3＇端序列特征以东亚型为主,占88.3%（68/77）,东亚型的CagA阳性菌株在GU组、DU组及GC组高于CG组（P〈0.05）.所有东亚型CagA阳性菌株CagA序列特征类似于Yamaoka报道的A型.结论 湖南地区H.pylori CagA阳性菌株以东亚型为主,均具有3个EPIYA重复序列,其中第2个序列存在3种突变型,其与消化性溃疡和胃癌发生有关.     

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori CaGa strains and peptic ulcer in the population of Eastern Siberia

AIM: To study prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) CagA strains and ulcer disease in native population of eastern Siberia and migrants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Epidemiological screening of Hp CagA strains and ulcer disease was performed by cross-sectional method in population of Evenkia, Khakassia, Tuva. Fibrogastroduodenoscopy was made in 3602 examinees; IgG of CagA Hp was detected in the sera of 2472 patients with entyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Prevalence of ulcer was higher in Europeans than in Mongoloids. Detectability of CagA Hp was 36.5% among khakas population, 43.8% among evenks, 60.1% among tyvin population, 59.8% among European population. In khakas and tyva population with ulcer CagA Hp incidence was higher than in healthy subjects. CONCLUSION. CagA HP is associated with ulcer in mongoloid population. This was not confirmed for European populatioin of the Eastern Siberia.     

Impact of CagA status on serum gastrin and pepsinogen I and II concentrations in Japanese children with Helicobacter pylori infection

The study aimed to determine the association between cytotoxin-associated gene product (CagA), serum gastrin and pepsinogen levels in Japanese children infected with Helicobacter pylori. Three hundred children were enrolled in the study. H. pylori infection was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CagA status was assessed using immunoblotting. Serum gastrin and pepsinogen concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. H. pylori seroprevalence was 12.3% (37/300) and CagA status was identified in 28/37 H. pylori-seropositive children (75.7%). Serum pepsinogen I and II levels were significantly higher in CagA-seropositive than CagA-seronegative children with H. pylori infection. There was no significant relationship between CagA seropositivity and serum gastrin levels. In conclusion, CagA status has a significant impact on serum pepsinogen levels, possibly through enhanced gastric mucosal inflammation.     

Ulcers and gastritis

This article reviews recently published literature regarding ulcers and gastritis. Although endoscopy is the most useful procedure for diagnosis in the upper gastrointestinal tract, complications do occur, and procedure-related costs are significant. The appropriate indication for endoscopy has recently been debated. Helicobacter pylori is known to be an important pathogen involved in gastric and duodenal inflammation. Peptic ulcer disease and severe gastric mucosal injury are caused by virulent strains, and many reports have focused on CagA. Follow-up studies on surveillance endoscopy in patients with peptic ulcer or gastritis report that patients with atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia are at significantly higher risk for gastric cancer. H. pylori eradication sometimes causes gastroduodenal erosion and reflux esophagitis, and the mechanisms involved have been revealed. Proton-pump inhibitors are useful in the treatment of ulcers caused by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), reflux esophagitis, and for preventing rebleeding after endoscopic hemostasis, but the effect of long-term acid suppression on the gastric mucosa is still a matter of debate. H. pylori infection and NSAID intake are both risk factors for peptic ulcer disease, and are important aspects in this field.     

Low seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with stress ulcer bleeding

OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of stress ulceration in seriously ill patients is uncertain and the pathogenic role of Helicobacter pylori infection is unknown. We therefore assessed the seroprevalence of patients of a cardiosurgical intensive care unit (ICU) with clinically important stress ulcer bleeding. We compared this prevalence with a control group matched for this kind of surgical intervention, missing history of peptic ulcer disease, age and gender. DESIGN: Prospective survey. SETTING: Cardiosurgical ICU in a university teaching hospital. Patients and participants: Two thousand five hundred seventy cardiosurgical patients with intravenous ranitidine stress ulcer prophylaxis were screened for clinically important stress ulcer bleeding. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity was measured in all patients with a clinically important bleeding and in a control group of 245 consecutive cardiosurgical patients, matched for the kind of cardiosurgical intervention, age and gender. RESULTS: In 56 of 2,570 (2.1%) patients signs of clinically important bleeding were seen. Endoscopical examination revealed stress ulcer bleeding in 42 cases. The incidence of stress ulcer bleeding was 1.6%. The seropositivity of the group with ulcer bleeding was 45.2 % whereas 62.4 % of the patients in the control group were Helicobacter pylori positive (p = 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the Helicobacter pylori infection does not play a pathogenic role in stress ulcer bleeding. Prophylactic cure of Helicobacter pylori can not be recommended in this setting.     

Evaluation of three commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori in Chinese patients.

Most of the commercial serological assays for H. pylori are developed and validated in western countries. We evaluated the accuracy of three popular commercial ELISA tests for H. pylori in the Chinese population. Eighty dyspeptic patients were recruited and diagnosis of H. pylori infection was based on biopsy urease test, histology and urea breath test. Thirty-six patients (45%) were positive for H. pylori infection by two or more positive reference tests. Anti-H. pylori IgG antibody was detected by three commercial ELISA tests: GAP IgG (Bio-Rad), HM-CAP (Enteric Products) and Pyloriset EIA-G (Orion). The respective sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the three tests were: GAP IgG (50%, 97.4%, 93.8%, 71.7%), HM-CAP (72.7%, 68.4%, 66.7%, 74.3%) and Pyloriset EIA-G (75%, 86.4%, 81.8%, 80.9%). Despite the high accuracy reported in the West, the performance of these commercial serological tests was unsatisfactory when used in Chinese patients.     

Anti-ulcer therapy after eradication of Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the cause of the frequent relapse of peptic ulcer disease. Successful eradication therapy of H. pylori is associated with a decline in the recurrence of peptic ulcer. In this paper, we discussed the significance of anti-ulcer therapy after H. pylori eradication therapy. In patients with duodenal ulcer, maintenance therapy for preventing ulcer recurrence is not necessary because the rate of ulcer recurrence after eradication therapy is very low. However, in patients with gastric ulcer, the rate of ulcer relapse and reflux esophagitis ranges between 5-10% in the Japanese population even after successful eradication therapy; therefore, maintenance therapy for 1 year may be permissible in patients with gastric ulcer even after successful eradication therapy.     

消化性溃疡的复发与幽门螺杆菌感染168例分析

目的:观察消化性溃疡的复发与幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染的关系。方法:回顾性分析我院168例消化性溃疡病人的临床资料,从胃镜检查、碳14(一种检测HP的呼气试验)测试、病理组织活检及治疗后随访3年结果进行分析。结果:HP阳性率为82.8％,其中胃溃疡最高,为88.9％,其次为十二指肠球部溃疡、复合性溃疡、幽门前区溃疡,检出率分别为85.3％、60％、57.1％,经统计学处理P<0.01,提示HP感染与溃疡部位有相关性。随访发现溃疡病伴有HP感染的复发率较高,达30％,而单纯的消化性溃疡、无HP感染的3年复发率为5％左右。结论:HP感染是消化性溃疡复发的重要因素。     

幽门螺杆菌感染及其毒力因子和胃十二指肠疾病关系的研究

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp)感染病人中Hp细胞毒相关蛋白（CagA)、细胞空泡毒素（VacA)抗体在胃十二指肠疾病的比例，并评估不同类型幽门螺杆菌感染对胃窦粘膜炎症程度的影响。方法 应用免疫印迹法测定Hp感染者病人体内的CagA、VacA抗体。结果 73％的Hp感染者病人中出现CagA抗体，61％Hp感染者病人中出现VacA抗体。CagA抗体和VacA抗体在各疾病之间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）。在胃溃疡、十二指肠溃疡和复合性溃疡三类病人中，具CagA和VacA双阳性的比例较CagA和VacA双阴性的比例差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。胃窦萎缩病变在CagA和VacA双阳性的病人中比CagA和VacA双阴性的病人严重（P＜0．05）。结论 具有高毒力因子（CagA和VacA)的Hp是胃肠疾病病人感染的常见菌株，具有CagA和VacA的Hp可能在诱导胃粘膜发展到萎缩病变过程中起重要作用。但不能作为特异性指标来判断胃十二指肠疾病。     

不同毒力亚株幽门螺杆菌感染在特发性血小板减少性紫癜发病中的意义

目的分析幽门螺杆菌（H.pylori）不同毒力亚株感染与特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）发病的相关性。方法应用免疫印记法检测64例ITP患者和59例对照者的血清H.pylori抗体：细胞毒素相关基因A（CagA）、空泡毒素蛋白A（VacA）、尿素酶A（UreA）、尿素酶B（UreB）,并对CagA＋和/或VacA＋阳性患者随机分组,一组抗H.pylori治疗,另一组、CagA-和VacA-以及H.pylori阴性患者组未作抗H.pylori治疗作为对照组,比较治疗前后血小板计数。结果ITP组患者H.pylori阳性率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;ITP组H.pylori阳性患者CagA＋和/或VacA＋型者所占比例高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.001）。CagA＋和/或VacA＋阳性患者经H.pylori根治后血小板计数较CagA＋和/或VacA＋阳性未根治组升高明显,P〉0.05有统计学意义。结论ITP患者幽门螺杆菌的感染率高,而且不同毒力亚株感染与其发病相关。     

The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori: are emergency medicine residents at risk?

Helicobacter pylori is strongly associated with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. It is a cause of chronic active gastritis. Our hypothesis was that Emergency Physicians might be at increased risk for infection due to their exposure to gastric contents from procedures performed in the Emergency Department. Our goal was to test a group of Emergency Physicians for H. pylori infection. In this cross sectional study, we tested a group of volunteers from an Emergency Medicine residency program for H. pylori infection by serum analysis for IgG. A matched control group was also tested. Forty-five subjects were enrolled; one subject's sample was lost. Three of 44 subjects (6.8%) were positive for H. pylori antibodies. Seven of 44 controls (15.9%) tested positive. Thus, Emergency Physicians do not have increased H. pylori infection rates and may be at less risk than the general population. Routine testing is not recommended.     

Association of CagA-positive infection with Helicobacter pylori antibodies of IgA class

cagA gene, the best known virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori, codes for an immunodominant CagA protein. In this study, CagA antibodies of the IgG class were measured by immunoblot or enzyme immunoassay in subjects with positive H. pylori serology, and the presence of CagA antibodies was compared with that of H. pylori antibodies of IgA and IgG classes. Serum samples were available for a total of 1,481 subjects, including gastroscopied patients with biopsy-verified H. pylori infection, smoking men with a normal or low serum pepsinogen I level indicating atrophic corpus gastritis, and subjects who later developed gastric cancer and their matched controls. CagA antibodies were significantly more prevalent among individuals with elevated H. pylori antibody titres of the IgA class than in those with IgG antibodies only, with the exception of a small subgroup of individuals who later developed gastric cancer. CagA-positive H. pylori strains seem to induce an immune response with a markedly higher frequency of IgA than what is found in inflammation caused by CagA-negative strains. The presence of serum IgA antibodies to H. pylori seems to indicate a higher risk for CagA-positive H. pylori infection and possibly more severe late sequelae of the disease.     

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Various ABO Blood Groups of Kashmiri Population

Aim: This study was carried out to assess the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in various ABO blood groups of people of Kashmir.Method: The study comprised 80 individuals - 50 peptic ulcer patients (whose disease was diagnosed by endoscopy) and 30 asymptomatic volunteers. Every subject's blood group and Rhesus status was determined by standard serological tests. Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed by three different methods viz., one minute endoscopy room test (urease test), Gram staining and by histology. The detection of Helicobacter pylori by histological examination using Giemsa staining was taken as the 'gold standard' for the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection.Results: Out of 80 individuals, 67 were males and 13 females aged between 18-65 years. The majority of peptic ulcer patients had blood group 'O' (n = 28.56%). The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection amongst peptic ulcer patients was 76%. There was no difference in Helicobacter pylori positivity in various blood groups.Conclusion: Blood group 'O' though a risk factor for peptic ulcer (Duodenal ulcer) is not a risk factor for acquiring Helicobacter pylori infection.     

Helicobacter pylori infection in intensive care: increased prevalence and a new nosocomial infection.

OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of acute gastric stress ulceration in the seriously ill is uncertain, and any role of Helicobacter pylori infection is unknown. We aimed to assess the relationship between H. pylori serological status and stress ulceration in seriously ill patients, as well as H. pylori serological status in intensive care nurses as a marker for nosocomial infection. DESIGN: Prospective epidemiologic survey. SETTING: Adult intensive care unit in a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred patients, 100 nurses, and 500 blood donors as community controls. INTERVENTIONS: H. pylori serological status was measured in patients, staff, and controls using a rapid whole blood test. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding and risk factors for acute stress ulceration were recorded. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In seriously ill patients, H. pylori seropositivity (67%) was significantly higher than in the control group (39%) (p < .001). In patients, seropositivity was not related to age, country of birth, diagnostic category, severity of illness, or risk score for stress ulceration. There was a trend toward increased macroscopic gastric bleeding in seropositive patients. In intensive care nurses, H. pylori seropositivity (40%) was significantly higher than in age-matched controls (19%) (p < .001). Only duration of intensive care nursing was significantly associated with seropositivity (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: The unexpectedly high H. pylori seropositivity rate in this seriously ill cohort raises the possibility that under intensive care conditions, H. pylori infection may modulate responses to illness and injury, with consequent clinical implications. Furthermore, the elevated seropositivity rate in intensive care nurses suggests that H. pylori can be nosocomially transmitted.