Effect of antiserotonin antibodies on functional activity of T and B lymphocytes and peritoneal macrophages

Experiments on C57Bl/6 mice showed that antiserotonin antibodies injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 25 mg/kg or added to cell culture in a dose of 10⁻⁷ mol/ml suppress lymphocyte proliferative response to pokeweed mitogen and stimulate functional activity of macrophages. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 2, pp. 140–142, February, 1998     

Antitumor activity of specific immunotherapy with mucin containing CA 125 antigen in mice with CaO 1 ovarian carcinoma

Experiments in CBA mice with transplanted CaO 1 ovarian carcinoma possessing common antigenic determinants with human ovarian carcinoma showed that specific immunotherapy with mucin containing CA 125 antigen inhibited tumor growth by 60% and prolonged antimal lifespan by 40–60% in comparison with the control. The correlation coefficient between the tumor size and antibody titer after injection of mucin was −0.4 for IgM and −0.6 for IgG. Titration of IgG may be used for monitoring of the efficiency of specific immunotherapy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 456–458, April, 2000     

Limits of phagocytic power of macrophages

The ability of peritoneal macrophages to take up different doses of antigen (sheep's erythrocytes) and of antigens differing in physicochemical properties (sheep's erythrocytes, rat erythrocytes, and typhoid vaccine) was studied. An increase in the dose of sheep's erythrocytes injected many times over had no effect on the quantity of antigen ingested by the macrophages within a definite time interval. In macrophages taken at short periods after injection of erythrocytes of the different species of animals into the mice, ability to take up these erythrocytes in vitro was sharply inhibited. Preincubation of macrophages (in vivo or in vitro) with all the antigens tested sharply increased their ability to phagocytose typhoid vaccine.Laboratory of Physiology and Regulation of Immunity, N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. A. Vershilova.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsina, Vol. 84, No. 7, pp. 58–61, July, 1977.     

Cytotoxic action of lymphocytes on peritoneal macrophages of mice with contact dermatitis caused by dinitrochlorobenzene

Contact dermatitis was produced in BALB/c mice by percutaneous application of a solution of dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). On the 20th day of the experiment, when the skin test with DNCB was positive, peritoneal macrophages were taken from DNCB-sensitized and intact mice and cultured in flat-bottomed tubes for 48h. A suspension of lymphocytes from peripheral lymph nodes was added to them. When incubated together with cells of DNCB-sensitized mice the lymphocytes had a cytotoxic action on the target cells (peritoneal macrophages), as shown by staining with Trypan Blue after 48 h. When cells from intact mice were incubated with lymphocytes, lysis of the macrophages was not observed.Laboratory of General Pathological Anatomy and Laboratory of Immunomorphology and Cytochemistry, Institute of Human Morphology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Central Institute of Tuberculosis, Ministry of Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. I. Strukov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 277–280, March, 1977.     

Prostatic specific antigen in prostatic cancer and benign hyperplasia

Total and free prostatic specific antigens were measured using heterogeneous two-step streptavidin enzyme immunoassay. Serum concentrations of both antigens were significantly increased in patients with prostatic cancer in comparison with those with benign hyperplasia and controls. The levels of prostatic specific antigen in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia varied within the normal range (75%), while in 92.2% of patients with cancer these values were higher than the threshold value of 4.0 ng/ml. A statistically significant difference between the levels of total and free prostatic specific antigens reflects the difference in the expression of bound and free forms of the antigen in malignant and benign processes. Analysis of the concentrations of total antigen and the ratio of free to total prostatic specific antigen permits an accurate differentiation between cancer and benign hyperplasia of the prostate at total antigen concentrations of up to 10.0 ng/ml. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 9, 327–330, September, 1997     

Immunotoxicological characteristics of preparations based on carcinoembryonic antigen and mucin containing CA 125 antigen

Experiments on male hybrid mice demonstrated that specific immunotherapy with preparations based on carcinoembryonal antigen and mucin containing CA 125 antigen was not associated with general toxicity, local irritating effect, and hepatorenal dysfunction. The absence of toxicity is apparently due to the fact that antigens injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously virtually do not enter the blood. Injections of preparations based on carcinoembryonal antigen and mucin containing CA 125 antigen to mice induced a standard immune response with predominance of class M immunoglobulins during the early terms and class G immunoglobulins at later terms. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 4, pp. 462–464, April, 2000     

Role of peritoneal macrophages in the effect of natural metabolites in toxic hepatitis

It is demonstrated that under the action of CCl₄ cytosol of rat pup liver activates peritoneal macrophages with various enzyme activity. The immunomodulating effect of liver cytosol manifests itself in normalization of cellular and humoral parameters of natural resistance. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 148–150, February, 1996 Presented by V. P. Kaznacheev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of various murine B-lymphocyte subpopulations in the immune response to T-independent antigens

Polyclonal antibodies to Lyb 5⁺ antigen of murine B lymphocytes are obtained and a methodological approach to the detection of cells carrying this antigen is developed with the aim of investigating the role of various subpopulations of mouse B lymphocytes in polyclonal activation induced by T-independent type 2 antigen. Hybridomas producing anti-Lyb 5.1 antibodies are obtained. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 4, 402–405, April, 1995 Presented by B. F. Semenov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of platelet activating factor in regulation of phagocytic function of macrophages in different organs

Platelet activating factor diminished phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages (desensitizing effect) and stimulates it in splenic macrophages (priming effect). Homologous endogenous transfer factor primed resident macrophages to subsequent exposure to platelet activating factor, while heterologous factor desensitized them. Thus, desensitization effect caused by transfer factor observed after lipopolysaccharide injectionin vivo was due to mutual effects of peritoneal and splenic macrophage populations. Therefore, an organism surviving after lipopolysaccharide injection possesses mechanisms limiting uncontrolled stimulation of macrophage function. These mechanisms are realized by down-regulation of macrophage populations by heterologous transfer factors. Translated fromByulleten Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 3, pp. 315—318, March, 1998     

Lymphocyte apoptosis: Mechanism of specific immunotherapy of atopic diseases

Effect of specific immunotherapy on the expression of activation markers, apoptosis marker CD95, and peripheral blood lymphocyte morphology were studied in patients with atopic bronchial asthma. Specific therapy activated T and B cells and triggered lymphocyte apoptosis. Apoptosis may play an important role in induction of allergen tolerance during specific therapy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 4, pp. 434–436, April, 1998     

Thymectomy and splenectomy in adult mice do not affect suppressor activity of T lymphocytes specific for antigens of the H-2 complex

Laboratory of Mechanisms of Regulation of Immunity, Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, All-Union Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow. (Presented by Academician N. N. Trapeznikov, Academy of Medical Sciences.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 113, No. 4, pp. 392–395, April. 1992.     

Culturing of human placental macrophages

Cells were isolated by successive dissociation of human placenta in dispase and collagenase solutions and separated by centrifugation in Ficoll-Verografin gradient. Cell suspension was enriched with macrophages by adhesion to plastic followed by washing with RPMI-1640. Isolated placental macrophages can be cultured for a long time. Cell culture homogeniety assessed by various methods was equal or exceeded 95%. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 5, pp. 579–582, May, 1998     

Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific to the molecule of the class I major histocompatibility complex for subcutaneous immunization in pads

T lymphocytes from immune lymph nodes, specific to the molecule of the class I major histocompatibility complex, were found to contain cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors which mature to become effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes only in the presence of helper cells and L3T4⁺, but not Lyt2⁺ T helpers. The findings indicate that a subcutaneous injection of alloantigen of the class I major histocompatibility complex for immunization in the pads leads to the creaction of the type of microenvironment of the lymph nodes which prevents activation of Lyt2⁺ T helpers or leads to the activation of their functionally negligible part. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 2, pp. 190–193, February, 1995 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Role of nitric oxide in activation of human T lymphocytes induced by bacterial superantigen

The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of human T cell response to bacterial superantigen (staphylococcal enterotoxin B) was studied. It was shown that stimulated T lymphocytes are the main source of NO. This superantigen markedly increased NO production and triggered the proliferative response of mononuclear cells from healthy individuals; the degree of apoptosis was low. In patients with purulent surgical diseases with high spontaneous and induced NO production, superantigen enhanced apoptosis of lymphocytes and induced anergy of T cells to enterotoxins. Increasing the concentration of NO in cultured cells from healthy individuals in the presence of NO donors also stimulated apoptosis and inhibited proliferative activity. These data suggest that NO regulates T lymphocyte response to superantigens. The increased production of NO probably contributes to the development of immunosuppression during bacterial infection. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 402–406, September, 2000     

Chemical and immunobiological characteristics of brucella protective antigen

The results of a study of a nontoxic brucella protective antigen, free from sensitizing properties, isolated from the cell wall of brucellas are described. The antigen has a well-marked protective action against experimental infection for 3–4 months in guinea pigs after a single immunization. Molecular heterogeneity of the antigen was established, and it consists mainly of a protein-polysaccharide complex. High-and low-molecular-weight fractions separated by gel filtration differed in their chemical and immunobiological characterstics. The high-molecular-weight fraction of the antigen was highly immunogenic and serologically active.N. F. Gamaleya Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 333–335, March, 1976.     

Antiserotonin antibodies as stimulators of mouse peritoneal macrophages

Stimulating effect of antiserotonin antibodies on phagocyte activity of peritoneal macrophages from C57B1/6 mice is demonstrated both after systemic administration and in a cell culture.In vitro experiments show that serotonin and antiserotonin antibodies exert similar effects. A possible mechanism of neurotropic effect of antiserotonin antibodies involving immunocompetent cells is discussed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 124, No. 12, pp. 663–665, December, 1997     

Androstenedione conversion in human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The ability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to convert the androgenic steroid metabolite androstenedione diminishes in women over 45 years old or during menopause. In patients with breast cancer in menopause the ability of lymphocytes to convert androstenedione is enhanced compared with the control. The intensity of conversion in circulating lymphocytes correlates with the blood concentration of sex steroids. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 517–519, May, 1994 Presented by A. N. Klimov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Formation of T lymphocytes inactivating allogeneic stem cells in the course of macrophage-thymocyte interaction

Allogeneic stem cells interact with T lymphocytes which are formed when intact thymocytes are cultured with syngeneic mononuclear phagocytes. The capacity of these T cells to inhibit the colony-stimulating activity of stem elements in endo- and exocolony formation tests is demonstrated. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 3, pp. 298–300, March, 1996 Presented by N. N. Trapeznikov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of shock on the morphofunctional state of alveolar macrophages

The number of macrophages, their functional activity, and ultrastructure are studied in bronchoalveolar lavage of rats exposed to traumatic or burn shock. It is found that the intensity of nonspecific, stereotypic, and phase macrophagal reactions correlates with the severity of shock. Responses to damaging factors and adaptive alterations varying in the intensity and occurrence at different observation periods are revealed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 11, pp. 577–581, November, 1996