新疆和田地区2001～2007年法定传染病报告分析

法定传染病疫情报告分析是为疾病预防控制工作提供决策的依据,为掌握和田地区法定传染病疫情流行的规律,积极有效做好控制传染病的发生,加强传染病的管理,控制和降低我地区传染病的发病率,根据要求必须做好疫情报告分析、预测.现将和田地区2001～2007年法定传染病疫情资料分析如下.     

2004年新疆巴州地区法定报告传染病疫情分析

2004年是《中国疾病预防控制系统》卫生信息平台实行网络直报的第一年,根据修订后《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》的法定传染病和以往仅报告甲乙类传染病的基础上,实行分级分类和法定时效报告甲乙丙类传染病,通过国家疾病监测信息报告管理系统直报疫情使用.为全面掌握新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州实行网络直报后的疫情资料,对2004年巴州法定报告传染病疫情分析如下.     

传染病总论

传染病疫情管理现状调查与监督对策探计；北京市传染病防制发展策略；应用移动平均数法开展传染病疫情监测预警的探讨;对应分析在传染病疫情资料分析中的应用；钝顶螺旋藻多糖抗病毒作用的实验研究；重组酵母鸡α干扰素的研制及其抗病毒活性测定。     

2010年新疆塔城地区传染病疫情分析

为了解新疆塔城地区传染病发病和流行情况以及变化特点,现对2010年塔城地区法定传染病疫情状况进行分析,结果报道如下。1材料与方法1.1资料来源资料来源于2010年＂中国疾病预防控制信息系统＂中＂疾病监测信息报告管理系统＂。1.2方法采取描述性流行病方法,通过疾病监测信息报告管理系统提供的疫情分析图表,对2010年塔城地区法定报告传染病疫情资料进行统计分析。     

传染病预防控制的健康教育

一、概述传染病预防控制的健康教育可分为经常性健康教育及针对突发疫情的应对性健康教育。传染病的防治须坚持预防为主的原则,经常性健康教育是传染病预防的一项基     

2006～2010年新疆阿克苏地区法定传染病疫情分析

目的通过对2006～2010年新疆阿克苏地区法定传染病发病情况进行分析,掌握法定传染病疫情动态、发病规律和流行趋势,为制定和调整传染病防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,对5年来阿克苏地区法定报告传染病疫情资料进行整理与统计分析。结果5年来,阿克苏地区法定传染病散发和暴发流行并存,死亡率呈逐年上升趋势,肺结核和艾滋病死亡率最高,个别传染病暴发疫情影响着全地区的发病水平。呼吸道传染病、血源及性传播疾病和肠道传染病仍然是严重危害人民群众身体健康的主要传染病,发病以肺结核、病毒性肝炎、梅毒、痢疾和其他感染性腹泻病为主。农民发病居首位,散居儿童和青壮年发病维持较高水平。结论阿克苏地区法定传染病发病率仍处于较高水平,应继续加强疫情监测,重点抓好农民和散居儿童的防治工作,提高疫苗接种质量,同时,采取针对性与综合性相结合的防治措施,控制传染病的流行和传播。     

2004～2008年塔城地区传染病疫情分析

为了解塔城地区2004～2008年传染病发病和流行情况以及变化趋势为提供有效的科学数据及制定控制传染病的策略和措施。现将2004～2008年法定传染病疫情分析情况,报告如下。     

2009年新疆博乐市法定传染病疫情分析

为掌握新疆博乐市法定传染病疫情流行的规律和为今后积极有效地做好控制传染病的发生,加强传染病的管理,降低博乐市法定传染病的发病率,我们对2009年来自博乐市各类医疗卫生机构报告的《传染病防治法》中规定的传染病病种进行统计分析,现将结果报告如下。     

传染病突发时期的信息服务工作

信息服务中心是各疾病预防控制部门收集、整理和传播医学信息的中心,其服务质量直接影响疾病预防控制工作,在重大传染病疫情突发时期,更应做好信息服务工作.     

2005～2009年安徽合肥市某区法定报告传染病疫情

目的分析合肥市某区区2005～2009年法定报告传染病流行特征及其变化趋势,为控制传染病的发生与流行提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对2005～2009年合肥市某区传染病疫情资料进行统计分析。结果该区共报告乙、丙类传染病31种3 468例,年平均发病率755.06/10万;死亡1例,年均死亡率为0.22/10万。发病率总体呈上升趋势,报告的主要传染病为感染性腹泻、结核病、菌痢、病毒性肝炎,最近两年手足口病、流行性腮腺炎发病上升。结论传染病疫情不容忽视,防控重点人群为儿童、学生、农民,传染病防治仍是今后疾病控制工作重点。     

2013年感染性疾病热点回顾

本文对2013年全球传染病,包括禽流感、GⅡ4悉尼诺如病毒感染、中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒感染、手足口病、结核病、麻风病、登革热、病毒性肝炎、AIDS的流行特点和相关感染性疾病的疫情予以回顾。重点公布了中国大陆2013年法定传染病发病情况,介绍了全球发生的多起传染病疫情,归纳了几种新突发传染病的现状,关注了常见传染病的诊治、预防新动态。提示仍不可忽视对新突发、病原变异及尚未能控制的传染病的积极防治。     

2014年传染病相关热点回顾

本文公布了中国大陆2014年法定传染病发病情况,并重点介绍了2014年全球发生的各重要传染病(埃博拉病毒病、登革热、禽流感、肠道病毒D68感染、中东呼吸综合征、疟疾、基孔肯雅热、结核病、肝病、麻疹和土源性蠕虫病)的流行概况及其在诊断、治疗、预防和研究方面的相关进展。     

Applying medical anthropology in the control of infectious disease

This paper focuses on two roles of anthropology in the control of infectious disease. The first is in identifying and describing concerns and understandings of disease, including local knowledge of cause and treatment relevant to disease control. The second is in translating these local concerns into appropriate health interventions, for example, by providing information to be incorporated in education and communication strategies for disease control. Problems arise in control programmes with competing knowledge and value systems. Anthropology's role conventionally has been in the translation of local concepts of illness and treatment, and the adaptation of biomedical knowledge to fit local aetiologies. Medical anthropology plays an important role in examining the local context of disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention, and the structural as well as conceptual barriers to improved health status. National (and international) public health goals which respect local priorities are uncommon, and generic health goals rarely coincide with specific country and community needs. The success of interventions and control programmes is moderated by local priorities and conditions, and sustainable interventions need to acknowledge and address country-specific social, economic and political circumstances.     

人工智能助力热带传染病防控研究

自新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情发生以来,人工智能技术在热带传染病领域应用的先进性逐渐凸显。人工智能技术的应用对缓解疾病诊疗负担、降低疾病漏诊和误诊率、提升疾病监测预警能力、提高医药和疫苗研发效率等均具有显著成效。本文分析了人工智能在热带传染病防控研究中的应用现状,论述了人工智能在该领域疾病诊疗、监测预警、疫苗与药物挖掘、医疗与公共卫生服务和全球卫生治理中的重要价值。鉴于人工智能助力热带传染病防控面临着诊断单一和不准确、开放环境监测预警能力不佳、智能系统服务能力有限、大数据管理困难、模型可解释性较差等方面的难题,本文提出了加强多种热带传染病多模态智能诊断、重视开放环境下媒介生物和风险人群智能监测预警、加快智能防控系统研发、强化伦理安全、大数据管理与模型可解释性等发展建议。     

中国古代以法治疫的现代启示

传染病的防控关乎人的生存,在医疗技术水平落后的中国古代,疫病流行非常普遍,造成了严重的后果。中国古代的统治者通过保护公共环境、确立疫病应对机制以及形成疫病预警机制对疫病的预防进行立法,在疫病救治立法方面采取确立隔离防疫法、派遣医官巡诊施药、严格善后掩埋遗体的具体形式。以古为鉴,古代疫病立法的得失可以为我们现代社会提供启发与借鉴,强调环境卫生与个人防护,重视政府治理手段,这些都可以给我们防治突发性传染病带来启示。     

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in the Western world. It is closely associated with metabolic syndrome. The alarming epidemics of diabetes and obesity have fueled an increasing prevalence of NAFLD, particularly among these high-risk groups. Histologically, NAFLD encompasses a disease spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is characterized by hepatocyte injury, inflammation, and variable degrees of fibrosis on liver biopsy. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis can progress to cirrhosis in a fraction of patients. There is currently little understanding of risk factors for disease progression and the disease pathogenesis has not been fully defined. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Weight loss, dietary modification, and the treatment of underlying metabolic syndrome remain the mainstays of therapy once the diagnosis is established. There are no well-established pharmacological agents for treatment of NASH, although this is a subject of ongoing research.     

Crohn's disease and infectious agents

The author discusses possible etiological causes of Crohn's disease taking into consideration the undoubtedly significant impact of the constitution of the intestinal microbial flora. The author pays special attention to Yersinia; their presence in the intestines is believed to be the chief mechanism of subsequent immunity events resulting in the development of the disease. The author briefly discusses the possibilities of differential diagnosis and of treatment. He mentions the profitable cooperation of infectiousdiseases specialists and gastroenterologists in the diagnosis of diarrhoeal disorders.     

The epidemiology of meningococcal disease in India

Objective To undertake a review of the literature on the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in India, with a view to informing future control policies. Methods We searched the PUBMED, EMBASE, Global Health, IMSEAR and MedIND databases for observational studies relating to the burden of endemic meningococcal disease in India, the occurrence and epidemiological characteristics of epidemics, and the prevalence of individual meningococcal serogroups. Results The relatively few reports identified suggest that the incidence of endemic meningococcal disease in India is low, but that occasional epidemics of meningococcal disease have been recorded for at least 100 years. The larger epidemics have affected mainly the cities of northern India and have almost universally been caused by meningococci belonging to serogroup A. These epidemics have showed a few characteristics, including a marked seasonality, which are similar to those of epidemic meningococcal A disease in Africa. Conclusions New serogroup A‐containing meningococcal conjugate vaccines are now being developed and reaching the market, including an affordable monovalent serogroup A vaccine manufactured in India, but intended primarily for use in Africa. These new tools may have a role in containing future Indian epidemics, but their usefulness is dependent on early identification of epidemics. This will require a functional disease surveillance system with adequate laboratory support throughout India.     

Poverty, global health, and infectious disease: lessons from Haiti and Rwanda

Poverty and infectious diseases interact in complex ways. Casting destitution as intractable, or epidemics that afflict the poor as accidental, erroneously exonerates us from responsibility for caring for those most in need. Adequately addressing communicable diseases requires a biosocial appreciation of the structural forces that shape disease patterns. Most health interventions in resource-poor settings could garner support based on cost/benefit ratios with appropriately lengthy time horizons to capture the return on health investments and an adequate accounting of externalities; however, such a calculus masks the suffering of inaction and risks eroding the most powerful incentive to act: redressing inequality.     

Identifying infectious etiologies of chronic disease

Available information regarding possible infectious etiologies of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus is reviewed. The problems and limitations of classic methods in trying to prove a causal relationship between an infectious agent and a chronic disease are summarized. The authors suggest that these disease occur as a result of persistent infection triggering an immunologic response (which is destructive of host tissue) in genetically susceptible individuals. Prospective studies within families (wherein individuals most at risk for disease can be identified) before the onset or diagnosis of the chronic disease may offer the best approach to elucidating potential infectious etiologies.