大型听神经瘤迷路径路手术中外耳道及鼓室的处理

目的讨论大型听神经瘤迷路径路手术中外耳道及鼓室的处理方法。方法对115例经迷路径路切除大型听神经瘤的临床病例资料进行总结,分析外耳道和鼓室的处理方法,其中96例术中保留外耳道后壁,19例术中切除外耳道并填塞中耳。结果 115例大型听神经瘤均采用迷路径路,肿瘤全切除103例(89.6%),近全切除9例(7.8%),次全切除3例(2.6%);术后脑脊液漏8例,发生率7.0%。结论通过迷路径路切除大型听神经瘤能取得良好的手术效果,术中外耳道和鼓室的正确处理能够获得良好的手术显露,并能够有效的降低脑脊液漏的发生率。     

经迷路径路听神经瘤手术中对颈静脉球的处理

目的探讨经迷路径路听神经瘤手术中处理颈静脉球的方法和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院耳鼻咽喉科2016年1月~2017年6月由同一术者经迷路径路手术治疗的72例听神经瘤患者的临床资料,包括术中对颈静脉球的处理和效果。结果72例患者中颈静脉球高位的出现率为29.2%（21例）。术中所有颈静脉球均予清楚暴露。为充分显露桥小脑角,降低50例颈静脉球的高度,其中颈静脉球破裂4例,均为高位颈静脉球（3例使用双极电凝止血,1例通过止血纱布和骨蜡填塞止血）。肿瘤直径为（2.4±1.5）cm,手术全切70例,次全切除2例。术后面神经解剖及功能保留72例,均未出现后组脑神经功能异常。术后一年随访复查MRI未见肿瘤复发,面神经功能HB-I~II 66例（91.7%）,HB-III~IV 6例（8.3%）。结论经迷路径路手术中恰当处理颈静脉球,可充分显露桥小脑角,同时降低颈静脉球破裂和误伤后组脑神经的风险。     

并发慢性中耳乳突炎的大听神经瘤经扩大迷路进路二期手术切除

目的：探讨经扩大迷路进路摘除伴发慢性中耳乳突炎的大听神经瘤的手术方法。方法：先一期手术彻底清除鼓室乳突病灶，术毕封闭中耳乳突腔；2周后行二期手术，经一期径路进行听神经瘤切除术。结果：2例并发慢性中耳炎的大听神经瘤均得到全切，术后面神经功能正常，切口一期愈合。随访半年以上无感染发生。结论：并发慢性中耳乳突炎的大听神经瘤同样可经扩大迷路进路进行手术切除。     

扩大迷路进路切除大听神经瘤18例报告

目的：探讨通过扩大的迷路进路切除大听神经瘤的方法和效果。方法：充分暴露乙状窦及其后方硬脑膜、岩上窦、颅中窝硬脑膜,暴露并下压颈静脉球,内听道周转骨质２７０℃以上切除。肿瘤切除从前下极处开始,以早期暴露脑干及脑干表面面神经,随后即从内侧向外侧解剖面神经。结果：１８例直径在３ｃｍ以上的听神经瘤（平均直径４．２ｃｍ）,均手术全切,脑组织无明显损伤。２例术后一过性脑脊液漏自愈,无颅内感染。面神经解剖及功能     

迷路内听神经瘤

原发于迷路内的听神经瘤少见,诊断困难,常误诊为在非典型性M(?)ni(?)re病.高分辨CT和钆增强的MRI为早期诊断迷路内听神经瘤提供了可能性.早期发现,手术治疗效果较内听道听神经瘤好.     

应用扩大迷路入路技术治疗巨大听神经瘤36例

我科从1998年开始采用扩大迷路入路技术治疗直径〉3cm的巨大听神经瘤36例，手术效果满意，报道如下。     

听神经瘤的再手术（附11例分析）

为进一步提高听神经瘤手术的临床疗效，对１５８例听神经手术后１１例再次手术患者进行临床分析，发现肿瘤大小，切除方式以及手术进路与临床症状复发密切相关，肿瘤越大，复发机会越多；大部切除；次全切除及全切除的复发再手术率分别是１９．４％、１３．２％和０，迷路后进路手术复发再手术率最高，达３３．３％，防止临床复发最根本的措施是术中尽量减少肿瘤残留，力争全切。为达此目的要求早期诊断，选择适当的手术进路，对不能     

经乳突迷路后进路听神经瘤切除术

听力保护已成为现代听神经瘤外科治疗所追求的目标,低风险完整切除听神经瘤并保存面神经已成为可能。保护听力的听神经瘤手术方式主要有两种:颅中窝进路和乙状窦后/枕下进路。乙状窦后进路对内听道底暴露受限,不利于肿瘤的完整切除。颅中窝进路能良好暴薅内听道底,但当肿瘤突向后颅窝时,解剖上会受到限制。Hitselberger和Pulec于1971年开创迷路后进路用于功能性前庭神经切除术,在某些选择性听神经瘤病例中这种术式曾被采用。该文报告6年间采取经乳突迷路后进路治疗听力良好的听神经瘤患者22例,女性14例,男性8例;右侧10例,左侧12例;听力水平…     

经迷路径路与经耳囊径路-House与Fisch比较

经迷路径路与经耳囊经路均可应用于切除听神经瘤,House常用前者,Fisch推崇后者。两种手术径路各有特点,一般认为经耳囊径路是在经迷路径路的基础上进行了改进,扩大了手术径路范围,降低了面神经损伤、脑脊液漏等并发症的发生率。     

经迷路进路听神经瘤术后脑脊液漏的预防及处理

目的　探讨经迷路进路听神经瘤切除术后脑脊液漏发生的影响因素及处理方法。方法1999年以来采用迷路进路或扩大迷路进路听神经瘤切除术 85例 ,前 4 1例采用传统关闭术腔技术 ,后4 4例对关闭技术进行改良 ,分析其脑脊液漏的发生率。发生脑脊液漏者行保守或手术治疗。结果传统关闭技术组中脑脊液漏的发生率为 19 5 % ( 8 4 1) ,改良关闭技术组中脑脊液漏的发生率为 2 3%( 1 4 4 ) ,两组差异有显著性意义 (P =0 0 13)。传统关闭技术组中脑脊液漏多数发生在大型听神经瘤中 ,其发生率随肿瘤增大有上升的趋势。 9例脑脊液漏的患者中 ,3例经保守治疗 ;6例经手术修补成功 ,其中 5例 1次修补成功。结论　改良关闭术腔技术可显著降低经迷路进路听神经瘤切除术后脑脊液漏的发生率 ,手术修补为终止脑脊液漏的有效措施     

An investigation of life quality of patients after two different acoustic neuroma resections

Background: Patients may suffer postoperative facial nerve injury, hearing loss, or other postoperative complications after the operation, which seriously affect their postoperative life quality.

Aims/objectives: To investigate the differences in QOL (quality of life) of patients with acoustic neuroma resection by the translabyrinthine or retrosigmoid approach.

Material and methods: Patients with acoustic neuroma resection in our department were enrolled in this experimental study, among which fifty patients underwent the translabyrinthine approach resection, the other 50 patients underwent the retrosigmoid approach resection. Different scores by the SF-36 scale between these two groups of patients one month after discharge were then analyzed.

Results: Scores of patients undergoing the retrosigmoid approach were higher in the three dimensions of Social Functioning, Role-emotional and Mental Health than those of patients undergoing the translabyrinthine approach with statistical significance. However, scores of patients undergoing the translabyrinthine approach were higher in the two dimensions of Body Pain and Vitality than those of the patients undergoing the retrosigmoid approach.

Conclusions and significance: The results indicated that individual nursing interventions for different patients are necessary to improve the QOL of patients after hospitalization. Moreover, the operated patients with translabyrinthine approach were more advantage than patients with retrosigmoid approach.     

Translabyrinthine and transotic surgery for acoustic neuroma

The results and complications of translabyrinthine and transotic surgery for petrous apex lesions between 1980 and 1992 are presented. An acoustic neuroma was found in 52 patients. In 1988, the translabyrinthine approach was modified into the transotic approach and replaced the former technique. There was no mortality in this series, but two patients had mild brainstem infarcts and there was post-operative bleeding into the cerebellopontine angle in one. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage was seen in six patients and meningitis in two. Three suffered deep vein thrombosis in their legs. There was one case each of herniation of the cerebellum and gastric bleeding. Post-operative facial nerve function was good in 88%, moderate in 10% and poor in 2%. In the case of acoustic neuromas the aim was total tumour removal, but if there was a serious risk of damaging the nerve anatomically, near total or subtotal removal was performed. During the study period, there was a gradual decrease in facial nerve morbidity and surgical complications. This was attributed to increasing experience, the modified wider approach and better post-operative care.     

Cochlear implantation concurrent with translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma resection

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Cochlear implants provide successful auditory rehabilitation for patients with profound sensorineural hearing loss who do not derive at least marginal benefit from conventional hearing aids. Patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 can present with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss caused by bilateral vestibular schwannomas. Auditory rehabilitation in these patients can be challenging. We present the case of one such patient who underwent a concurrent translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma resection and cochlear implantation in the same ear. STUDY DESIGN: A case report and review of the literature. METHODS: Review the patient's medical record and MEDLINE literature search. RESULTS: The patient presented with a relatively small tumor that was situated in the fundus of the internal auditory canal with intralabyrinthine extension. Postoperative performance with implant stimulation was in the higher range of that for other cochlear implant patients. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported of simultaneous cochlear implant and translabyrinthine acoustic neuroma resection in the same ear of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 2.     

Simultaneous translabyrinthine removal of acoustic neuroma and cochlear implantation

Objectives

To report of a 65-year-old woman with bilateral Meniere's disease was referred for cochlear implantation (CI) due to severe/profound sensorineural hearing loss.

Methods

During the assessment workup, a vestibular schwannoma in the right ear was found by MR imaging. She underwent a translabyrinthine removal of the acoustic neuroma (AN) with sparing of the cochlear nerve and concurrent ipsilateral CI with a Nucleus Freedom device (Cochlear Ltd., Lane Cove, New South Wales, Australia).

Results

Complete removal of the AN was achieved without complications. Neural Response Telemetry (NRT) measurements, which showed poor morphology at the intraoperative tests, rapidly improved after activation, similarly to electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (E-ABR). The patient reached 100% speech perception performances within 2 months from implantation, in the monaural condition. She was relieved from vertigo spell up to 14 months after the operation.

Conclusion

Cochlear implantation at the time of acoustic neuroma removal with VIII nerve sparing can be a safe and effective hearing restoration procedure.     

耳内镜辅助下听神经瘤切除术

目的:观察耳内镜辅助下听神经瘤切除术的疗效及并发症.方法:在硬管耳内镜辅助下采用迷路进路及乙状窦后进路行听神经瘤手术11例.结果:肿瘤全切除9例(81.8%),2例(18.2%)残留部分囊壁;术中内镜下探查面神经均完整.其中9例(81.8%)术后无面瘫表现,2例(18.2%)术后出现轻度周围性面瘫;术中内镜下探查蜗神经均完整,2例(18.2%)术后听力与术前比较保持不变,9例(81.8%)出现不同程度听力下降,其中,中度感音神经性聋1例,中重度2例,重度3例,极重度3例.结论:听神经瘤切除术中使用耳内镜可提高血管、神经保全率及肿瘤全切率,但也有其不足,仅能作为显微镜手术的辅助手段.     

内听道型听神经瘤的外科治疗

摘要：目的探讨和总结内听道型听神经瘤的临床显微手术技巧,以期提高手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年8月~2015年8月期手术的34例内听道型听神经瘤患者临床资料,探讨手术操作技巧,并总结肿瘤切除程度、术后并发症及远期随访情况。结果34例患者均采用枕下乙状窦后入路,肿瘤最大径小于10 mm 11例,介于10~20 mm之间23例;肿瘤全切34例。无一例死亡。术后3个月轻度周围性面瘫2例,听力较术前下降17例。术后随访2年以上,听力较术前下降13例。结论乙状窦后硬膜下入路是切除内听道型听神经瘤的良好办法,磨除内听道后壁及锐性分离是操作核心。     

Medical treatment of headache after suboccipital acoustic tumor removal

Objectives: Suboccipital craniotomy is a frequently used surgical approach for removal of cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors. A frequently cited consequence, however, is the high incidence of postoperative headaches. Much has been written regarding prevention of these headaches, but little has been written of their treatment. The authors review their extensive experience in suboccipital tumor removal and the medical management of postoperative headache, highlighting the recent use of a regimen of divalproex sodium and verapamil. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: The charts of a consecutive series of patients having suboccipital craniotomies for CPA tumors were reviewed. Presence, duration, and severity of headache were noted. Medical treatments and their effectiveness were also noted. Results: Between 1980 and 1997, 228 patients underwent suboccipital craniotomy for removal of CPA tumors. Of these patients, 124 (54.4%) complained of headache. For 62 (27.2%) the headaches persisted for more than a year after surgery. Twenty-nine patients (12.7%) received no relief from any medication. Ten of these patients received a regimen of divalproex sodium and verapamil, with all patients obtaining significant relief. Conclusion: Headache is a significant problem with the suboccipital approach for acoustic tumor removal. The majority of patients that complain of headache can be adequately treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). If pain is unrelieved by NSAIDs, treatment becomes problematic. The authors' early experience with divalproex sodium/verapamil is encouraging and deserves further investigation as a treatment for these refractory cases.