溃疡性结肠炎的内镜特点和临床分析

目的 总结溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的临床特点及内镜下表现。方法 收集1975年至2001年经结肠镜检查及病理确诊的UC患者的相关资料，其中1975—1994年组有486例，1995—2001年组490例，观察其临床特点及内镜表现。确诊靠病理活检。结果 在1975—1994年和1995—2001年两组中，经结肠镜检查确诊的UC患者占同期结肠镜的总数从3．51％上升至4．44％，男女之比分别为1．67和1．25，平均发病年龄从42．4岁上升至51．5岁，高峰年龄段分别是30—49岁和40—49，≥60岁。临床主要表现为黏液脓血便、腹泻、腹痛等，病变范围：直肠及乙状结肠炎占55．4％和64．5％，左半结肠炎占17.3％和13．9％，全结肠炎占11．9％和14．3％。分别有89．9％和90．4％的患者病程小于10年。结论 UC的发病例数有所增加，病变主要以左半结肠为主，病程短，发病年龄相对较大，癌症发生率及并发症低。结肠镜及活检是诊断UC的主要方法。     

缺血性结肠炎的内镜及临床特点

目的 总结缺血性结肠炎的内镜及临床特点。探讨其早期诊断方法。方法 收集分析1975年6月至2000年12月经结肠镜发现，病理确诊的36例缺血性结肠炎的相关资料。所有病例均在腹痛等症状出现后5d内行全结肠内镜及病理检查，并于首次检测后2周至2个月内复查大肠镜，部分病例取病变黏膜活检，观察其内镜下表现及临床病理特点。结果 经结肠镜检查确诊的36例缺血性结肠炎患者，男12例，女24例，年龄为35-84岁，平均年龄为60.5岁，其中50岁以上31例，临床主要表现为腹痛，血便及腹泻等，病变多数位于左半结肠。一过性炎症型者30例，狭窄型5例，仅有1例坏疽型，病理学表现无特异性，结论 早期行结肠镜检查是诊断缺血性结肠炎的主要方法。     

不同部位克罗恩病的临床特点分析

目的 探讨不同部位（小肠、结肠、回结肠）克罗恩病的临床特点,以期提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析2000年至2008年1月住院诊断的103例患者,根据其发病部位的不同,对其一般资料、病程、临床表现、实验室检查、病理学改变等进行分析。结果103例患者中男性70例,女性33例,诊断时年龄12～70岁。以20～29岁为高峰期,30～39岁次之。病变部位位于小肠（L1）的39例（38％）,结肠（L2）的16例（16％）,回结肠（L3）的48例（46％）,发病年龄的性别差异无统计学意义,但L1型临床诊断年龄明显高于12型（P〈0．05）和L3型（P〈0．01）,且肠梗阻发生率远远高于L3（P〈0．05）。L1型中通过胶囊内镜协助诊断的占L1型的30．8％,结肠镜协助诊断的占44％;L2、L3临床表现结合结肠镜及病理检查明确诊断的分别占87．5％、83．3％,通过手术确诊的L1患者（9例）占手术确诊病例的47．3％,但与12、L3相比差异无统计学意义。参考简化CD活动指数（CDAI）评分,轻度23例（22．3％）,中度58例（56．3％）,重度22例（21．4％）,回结肠受累者（L3）重度患者13例,占59．0％,与L1比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论在克罗恩病患者中L1型较多以诊断延迟、急诊需手术治疗为特点;L3型则因病变范围较广,并发症及全身表现严重,重型多见。需重视发病早期胶囊内镜和回结肠镜检查的重要作用,减少手术发生率,延缓患者首次手术的时间。     

克罗恩病的临床特征以及胶囊内镜在诊断中的价值

背景：近年我国克罗恩病（CD）的发病率和患病率呈上升趋势,然而其早期诊断率较低。目的：总结CD的临床特征,评价胶囊内镜在CD诊断中的价值。方法：回顾性分析浙江中医药大学附属第一医院2003年1月～2008年9月确诊为CD的69例住院患者的临床资料以及X线钡剂造影、结肠镜和胶囊内镜下特点。结果：69例CD患者中男35例,女34例,发病年龄17～73岁。临床表现主要有腹痛、腹泻、便血等,以及贫血、低蛋白血症、消瘦、发热,肠外表现以口腔溃疡、关节痛多见,部分出现肛门病变、肠梗阻等并发症。病变范围小肠型占47．8％,结肠型占14．5％,小肠结肠型占37．7％。X线钡剂造影诊断率为44．0％（22／50）,结肠镜检查诊断率为75．8％（50／66）。胶囊内镜检查诊断率为62．5％（10／16）,检出小肠病变10例,结肠病变2例,镜下主要表现为溃疡、黏膜充血水肿、糜烂、节段性病变、息肉样或鹅卵石样增生等。结论：CD病变以小肠累及率较高,其临床表现多样,常伴有多种肠外表现和并发症,可为临床诊断提供线索。胶囊内镜检查能发现CD的早期小肠黏膜病变,对CD具有较高的诊断价值。     

老年缺血性结肠炎的内镜及临床特点

目的总结老年缺血性结肠炎患者的内镜及临床特点,探讨其早期诊断方法。方法收集分析2000年1月～2007年12月,经临床、结肠镜确诊的老年缺血性结肠炎患者的相关资料,89例患者均在腹痛等症状出现后10天内行全结肠镜检查,部分病例取病变黏膜活检,观察其内镜下表现及病理组织学特点。结果经临床、结肠镜确诊为老年缺血性结肠炎者90例,其中男25例、女65例,男女之比为1：2．6,年龄为60～90岁,平均年龄（73．31±6．63）岁,多伴有相关基础疾病。临床主要表现为腹痛和血便,病变多数位于左半结肠。一过型者86例,狭窄型4例,无坏疽型。病理学表现无特异性。结论老年病人出现急性腹痛、便血时,及时结肠镜检查对明确缺血性结肠炎诊断,了解病变范围和分犁具有重要意义。     

内镜下治疗结肠血管畸形出血

我院从１９９０年１月至２０００年１２月，对１　２８６例下消化道出血患者行急诊结肠镜检查。其中确诊为结肠血管畸形出血２６例，并行内镜下治疗。现报告如下。一、临床资料：２６例患者中男１９例，女７例。年龄２２　～　８２岁，平均年龄６０．２岁。临床表现为骤发或反复解黑便、暗红色血便。出血量小于　５００　ｍｌ　７例，５００～１０００ｍｌ１４例，大于１０００ｍｌ　以上５例。病程１～２ｄｄ不等。均经急诊纤维结肠镜或电子结肠镜检查，确诊为结肠血管畸形伴出血。二、内镜下表现及分型：血管畸形出血内镜诊断标准是：结肠…     

40例克罗恩病分析

背景：近年我国克罗恩病（CD）的发病率逐年上升，但对CD临床特点的认识尚有限。目的：回顾性分析CD的临床特点和诊治情况。方法：收集安徽医科大学第一附属医院1995～2005年的CD住院病例，按照维也纳分类标准进行临床分类，按照中华医学会消化病学分会的建议进行临床严重度分度。结果：共纳入40例CD患者，男女比例为1．22：1，诊断时年龄16～65岁。根据维也纳分类标准，诊断时年龄〈40岁（A1）者28例（70．0％），≥40岁（A2）者12例（30．0％）；病变部位位于末端回肠（L1）者15例（37．5％），结肠（L2）11例（27．5％），回结肠（L3）11例（27．5％），上消化道（L4）3例（7．5％）；无狭窄、穿孔（B1）16例（40．0％），发生狭窄（B2）10例（25．0％），发生穿孔（B3）14例（35．0％）。A1型中病变位于末端回肠者占42．9％，A2型中病变位于结肠者占41．7％。L1型狭窄发生率明显高于L2型（40．0％对18．2％），穿孔发生率明显低于L2型（26．7％对45．4％）。参考简化CD活动指数（CDA1）评分，轻度6例（15．0％），中度20例（50．0％），重度14例（35．0％），回结肠受累者重度患者占63．6％。结肠镜表现为黏膜充血水肿、糜烂、溃疡以及结节状增生、假息肉、肠腔狭窄等。活检标本的非干酪样肉芽肿检出率为42．1％，手术标本为61．9％。共21例患者接受手术诊治，手术率为52．5％。内科治疗轻度患者以口服柳氮磺胺吡啶（SASP）/5-氨基水杨酸（5-ASA）为主；中度患者小肠受累者以激素治疗为主，结肠受累者以口服SASP／5-ASA为主；重度患者以激素治疗为主，2例使用免疫抑制剂治疗。结论：维也纳分类标准简单、易行，适用于我国CD人群的分类。本组CD患者手术率高。应根据临床严重度和病变部位选择药物治疗方案。     

454例溃疡性结肠炎的临床及内镜检查分析

目的探讨结肠镜结合黏膜染色及活检组织病理学检查在溃疡性结肠炎（Ulcerative colitis，uc）诊断中的意义。方法 回顾分析我院5年来确诊的454例UC。结果本组454例UC中。发病以21～50岁为主（75．2％），临床表现以黏液血便或脓血便（60．6％）及腹痛（41．2％）为主。病变分布以直肠、直乙状结肠及左半结肠最多见（63．7％）。结肠镜下表现以黏膜充血水肿（93．6％）伴糜烂（91．4％）或浅溃疡（62．6％）最常见。结论结肠镜检查结合黏膜染色及活检组织病理学检查对UC的诊断具有重要价值。     

早期大肠癌内镜下诊断和治疗

自1975年10月～1995年10月经结肠镜下息肉除，粘膜切除或手术切除经病理证实局限于粘膜(M）和粘膜下层(SM)的大肠早期癌72例，其中M型63例，SM型9例。男性38，女性34,老年期>60岁23例，老年前期34例，<45岁15例。以直、乙结肠最多见54例(75％)。病变以直径1～2cm最多有38例(52．7％)。内镜下形态Ⅰ型隆起型有48例(66.6％)。结肠镜肉眼确诊癌仅12例(16．6％)。活检病理确诊癌占58.8％。72例中12例作根治性手术，其中1例SM癌有淋巴结转移。58例在内镜下除，2例内镜下粘膜切除。术后随访4年，其中1例Is型3月后复发，追加手术有淋巴转移，术后4年肝转移死亡。另有10例(13.8％)又发现新生腺瘤再除。本结果提示结肠镜对发现早期癌有很大价值，但肉眼判断及活检诊断价值不大，主张内镜下作病变除或切除，全瘤病理检查最有价值：如是M癌无需追加手术，SM癌主张作根治性手术。所有早期癌均应作全结肠检查和手术后继续结肠镜随访，可发现多发癌和新生腺瘤。大肠早期癌若经合理治疗预后良好，本组4年生存率为98．7％．     

结肠憩室的内镜特点及其临床分析

目的总结不同时期结肠憩室的内镜下表现及临床特点。方法收集1989年-2004年经结肠镜检查确诊的结肠憩室患者的相关资料,其中1989年-1997组52例,1998年-2004年组113例,观察其临床特点及内镜表现。结果在1989年-1997年组和1998-2004年组中经结肠镜检查确诊的结肠憩室患者占同期结肠镜检查总数的比例从1.47%上升至2.08%,男女之比分别为1.26和1.22,平均发病年龄从61.68岁上升至66.41岁。临床主要表现为腹痛、便秘和腹胀等,1998年-2004年组患者中便秘症状的比例比1989年-1997年组明显增加,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。1998年-2004年组乙状结肠憩室检出率比1989年-1997年组明显增加,差异有显著性（P〈0.05）。结论近7年结肠镜检出结肠憩室明显增加,其发病例数随发病年龄的增加而增高,好发部位由右半结肠为主转为以左半结肠为主,且乙状结肠发病率明显增加。     

CLINICAL AND ENDOSCOPIC FEATURES OF AMYLOIDOSIS SECONDARY TO CROHN'S DISEASE: DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF DUODENAL OBSERVATION AND BIOPSY

Aim: Recent reports have focused on the development of secondary amyloidosis (AMY) as a complication of Crohn's disease (CD). The present study was carried out to investigate the frequency of AMY secondary to CD, its clinical and endoscopic features, and the importance of duodenal biopsy in detecting this disease. Methods: This study involved 408 patients diagnosed with CD who were endoscopically and histologically examined at our hospital. At follow up, we analyzed the incidence of AMY complications, the clinical features of AMY and the methods to diagnose AMY. Results: The incidence of AMY was 2.5% (10/408). The disease type at the time of CD diagnosis was small and large bowel type (SL) in eight patients, small bowel type in one and large bowel type in one. The incidence of AMY was significantly higher in patients with SL than in patients with other disease types. The length of time from onset of CD to diagnosis of AMY was 14.1 ± 8.0 years. The cumulative incidence of AMY was 1.0% at 10 years and 5.7% at 20 years after onset. In terms of the method used to diagnose AMY, the positive rate of AMY diagnosis was 100% with endoscopic duodenal biopsy. Conclusion: The incidence of AMY as a complication of CD was low (2.5%). However, because this complication adversely affects patients' prognoses, it is important to check for the presence of AMY, particularly in the duodenum, in patients for whom more than 10 years have elapsed since the development of CD.     

Celiac disease in patients with presumed irritable bowel syndrome： A case-finding study

AIM: To estimate the prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in adult patients with presumed irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).METHODS: Between March 2005 and December 2008, 742 consecutive patients (293 male, median age 43 years, range 18-69 years) fulfilling the Rome II criteria for IBS were prospectively enrolled in the study. IBS was diagnosed via self-completed Rome II modular questionnaires. Anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) serology was checked to initially recognize possible CD cases. Patients with a positive test were offered endoscopic duodenal biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of CD.RESULTS: Thirty two patients (15 male, median age 41 years, range 19-59 years) were found to have organic diseases other than CD. Twenty four patients tested positive for anti-tTG antibodies, and duodenal biopsies confirmed the diagnosis in all of them. Thus, in this patient population with presumed IBS, 3.23% actually had CD.CONCLUSION: CD is common in patients with presumed IBS. Routine screening for CD in patients with symptoms of IBS is recommended.     

Prevalence and predictive factors of eosinophilic esophagitis in patients presenting with dysphagia: a prospective study

OBJECTIVES: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) is an increasingly recognized cause of dysphagia. We prospectively assessed the prevalence of EE using midesophageal biopsies in patients presenting with no endoscopically evident cause of dysphagia. We also aimed to determine the clinical and endoscopic factors predictive of EE in outpatients undergoing endoscopy for dysphagia. METHODS: Outpatients (18-60 yr of age) undergoing endoscopy for dysphagia at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between June 2005 and June 2006 were enrolled. Patients completed the validated Mayo Dysphagia Questionnaire (MDQ). Biopsies were obtained from the midesophagus if there was no endoscopically evident cause of dysphagia or there were endoscopic findings suggestive of EE. EE was defined as the presence of >20 eosinophils/high-power field. Logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of EE. RESULTS: Of 376 patients enrolled, 238 (63%) completed the MDQ and 222 (59%) had midesophageal biopsies; 33 (15%, 95% CI 6%-12%) had EE by biopsy. Ten of 102 (9.8%) patients who appeared endoscopically normal had EE by biopsy, while 8 of 21 (38%) patients with endoscopic changes suggestive of EE had EE on biopsy. Predictors of EE were younger age, endoscopic features suggestive of EE, absence of use of proton pump inhibitors, and a history of any food impaction for greater than 5 min. CONCLUSIONS: Midesophageal biopsies from normal-appearing mucosa should be obtained in all patients with unexplained solid food dysphagia; this may diagnose EE in about one in 10 cases.     

620例结肠黑变病临床资料分析

目的探讨分析结肠黑变病(MC)的临床特征、内镜表现及与结直肠癌、结直肠息肉等相关肠道疾病的关系。 方法收集2012年10月至2018年12月经宁夏回族自治区人民医院内镜中心行结肠镜检查后诊断的620例MC患者的临床资料、内镜表现及病理诊断结果进行回顾性分析。 结果共纳入620例MC患者,其检出人数呈逐年升高趋势,主要以便秘、腹痛为临床表现,主要好发于女性,以>60岁的患者多见,镜下分度以轻度为主,好发于升结肠-直肠,主要合并结直肠息肉、结直肠癌、炎症性肠病、痔疮等,其中合并的结直肠息肉患者中病理结果以腺瘤性息肉多见。 结论MC的检出人数呈逐年增长趋势,女性、>60岁的患者多见,主要临床表现为便秘、腹痛,好发升结肠-直肠,以轻度为主,可合并结直肠息肉、结直肠癌、炎症性肠病、痔疮等,可为临床医师提供临床诊断思路。     

Microscopic colitis: a descriptive clinical cohort study of 795 patients with collagenous and lymphocytic colitis

Objective Microscopic colitis is a common cause of chronic diarrhoea in the Scandinavian countries. This report comprises demographic data, clinical and endoscopic features, and occurrence of coeliac and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a large urban cohort of patients with lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Materials and methods A total of 795 patients with microscopic colitis from two hospitals in Stockholm were included. Medical records were reviewed and clinical data, including endoscopic and histological findings, were compiled. Results Forty-three percent had CC (female:male ratio 3.7:1) and 57% had LC (female:male ratio 2.7:1). The mean age at diagnosis of CC was 63 years and of LC was 59 years (p?=?0.005). Clinical features were similar in both entities, but the intensity of symptoms differed. Watery diarrhoea was reported in 55% in CC patients versus in 43% in LC patients (p?=?0.0014), and nocturnal diarrhoea in 28% versus 18% (p?=?0.002). Subtle endoscopic mucosal findings were reported in 37% of the CC patients and in 25% of the LC patients (p?=?0.0011). Colorectal adenomatous polyps were found in 5.3% of all patients. Coeliac disease occurred in 6% and IBD occurred in 2.1% of all patients. Conclusions Clinical features of LC and CC are similar but not identical. CC seems to be a more severe type of bowel inflammation and LC tends to occur earlier in life. Both forms might indeed feature endoscopic findings despite the designation ‘microscopic’. Our study confirms the strong association with coeliac disease.     

Clinical study of 31 patients with primary gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present paper was to investigate the clinical, endoscopic and histological features of 31 patients with gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma to enable correct, early stage diagnosis. METHODS: A retrospective study was undertaken of 31 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. The cases were examined immunohistologically with anti-CD(20CY) and CD(45RO) antibodies for further diagnosis. Helicobacter pylori infection was also detected with modified Giemsa staining. RESULTS: Patients with MALT lymphoma were aged between 22 and 73 years (mean, 45.0 years), and the male:female ratio was 11:20. The patients presented with non-specific symptoms, but chronic epigastric pain was the common symptom in a large proportion of the cases. The gastric smaller curvature was involved in 83.9% of cases (26/31) and in 13/31 cases (41.9%) it was confined the antrum. Under endoscopy, large and deep ulcers were similar to cancers in the majority of patients. Only 29.0% of patients were diagnosed by endoscopy on first examination. CD(20CY) were expressed in all cases and CD(45RO) expressed in only one case among 10 cases of indefinite diagnosis. Helicobacter pylori infection was found in 87.1% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that primary gastric MALT lymphoma has unique clinical, endoscopic and histological features. The diagnosis for primary gastric MALT lymphoma was delayed not only due to the non-specific symptoms but also due to lack of attention to its features. Endoscopy and submucosal multiple biopsy were the principal diagnostic tools in patients with gastric MALT lymphoma. CD(20CY) and CD(45RO) immunological staining are recommended, especially for patients with indefinite diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma.     

The insensitivity of endoscopic markers in celiac disease

OBJECTIVES: Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by small intestinal inflammation and mucosal atrophy. Endoscopic markers of villous atrophy are reported to be present in 88-100% of untreated celiac patients. In patients being evaluated for iron deficiency anemia (IDA), we examined whether endoscopic markers could predict histological results consistent with CD. METHODS: One hundred thirteen patients without histories of CD had small bowel biopsies to evaluate IDA using videoendoscopy. Markers suggesting villous atrophy were noted at endoscopy. Biopsy specimens were reviewed for consistency with CD. Endoscopic and histological findings were compared. RESULTS: Seventeen patients were diagnosed with CD, both clinically and histologically. Loss of folds was the most sensitive marker of villous atrophy, present in 47% with CD, with 97% specificity. The mosaic pattern was much less sensitive (12%), with 100% specificity. Nodularity and scalloping had low sensitivities (6%), but specificities of 95% and 100%, respectively. A finding of any endoscopic marker yielded a sensitivity of 59% and specificity of 92% for CD. CONCLUSIONS: Although endoscopic markers have been guides for directing small bowel biopsies in patients suspected of having CD, we found sensitivities of these markers to be low and conclude that they should not be relied upon for detecting CD in patients presenting with IDA.     

胃肠道间质瘤137例分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)发病的一般情况和诊断方法的准确率。方法回顾分析中国医科大学附属第一医院2006年4月-2013年10月经手术、病理诊断的137例GIST的内镜、影像学及临床资料。结果 GIST的发病年龄集中于45~65岁,男女比例为1.1∶1,就诊时表现腹痛52例(38.0%),腹部包块40例(29.2%),消化道出血27例(19.7%),其他症状18例(13.1%)。本组患者CD117和CD34的阳性表达率分别为74.5%、67.2%。内镜检查的符合率为88.31%,CT检查的符合率为93.28%。结论 GIST好发于中年患者,男女无明显差异,以腹痛、腹部肿块、消化道出血为主要临床表现,GIST的诊断有赖于胃镜、CT、病理及免疫组织化学检查,GIST应采取相应的影像学检查手段。