冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行心脏瓣膜置换手术59例临床分析

目的 研究冠状动脉旁路移植同时行心脏瓣膜置换手术治疗非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病的疗效.方法 59例冠状动脉旁路移植同时行瓣膜置换手术,包括二尖瓣瓣膜病变40例及主动脉瓣瓣膜病变11例,联合瓣膜病变8例,共搭桥132支.根据患者年龄及病变血管情况选用乳内动脉或大隐静脉作为血管桥.结果 本组1例术后1d死亡,死亡原因是严重的低心排综合征,搭桥4根.其他病例术后随访2个月至7年,均没有明显心绞痛复发并且心功能得到改善.结论 非缺血性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病患者一般无典型心绞痛病史,有冠心病高危因素的患者术前应该常规行冠状动脉造影检查明确是否合并冠心病.采取术前改善心功能状态,缩短手术及心肌缺血时间等措施,同时行冠状动脉旁路移植手术及心脏瓣膜手术是有效可行的治疗手段.     

同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术与心瓣膜手术

目的　为了提高同期施行冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG)与心瓣膜手术的疗效 ,降低死亡率 ,总结手术及围术期处理的经验。　方法　 2 4例患者中 ,二尖瓣病变 11例 ,主动脉瓣病变 3例 ,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣双瓣膜病变 10例。 1支冠状动脉病变 1例 ,2支 11例 ,3支 6例 ,另 6例为心瓣膜手术中发现左冠状动脉开口有阻塞 ,急症行 CABG。全组行二尖瓣成形术 2例 ,二尖瓣置换术 9例 ,主动脉瓣置换术 3例 ,二尖瓣、主动脉瓣双瓣膜置换术 10例 ;移植 1支血管 7例 ,2支 11例 ,3支 6例。　结果　术后早期 (30天内 )死亡 2例 ,分别死于低心排血量综合征和多器官功能衰竭。随访 2 2例 ,随访时间 8个月～ 7年 ,晚期死亡 1例 ,其余 2 1例心功能明显改善 ,心功能 (NYHA分级 ) 级 15例 , 级 5例 , 级 1例 ,心绞痛消失 7例。　结论　冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病和心脏瓣膜疾病并存时 ,应同期施行CABG和心瓣膜手术 ,彻底纠正心脏病变。术中加强心肌保护 ,尽量缩短心肌缺血时间 ;术后妥善处理心、肾等器官功能衰竭 ,是提高手术疗效的重要措施     

老年患者二尖瓣置换同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床分析

目的总结老年二尖瓣疾病合并冠心病患者心瓣膜置换术同期行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）的经验，以提高临床效果。方法2002年7月至2004年7月我科共30例老年二尖瓣疾病患者二尖瓣置换术同期行CABG。年龄66．0±9．1岁（60～73岁），4例为风湿性瓣膜病变，26例为二尖瓣瓣膜退行性病变。术前心功能分级（NYHA）：Ⅰ级3例，Ⅱ级5例，Ⅲ级17例，Ⅳ级5例。共移植旁路血管71支，使用左侧乳内动脉24例，其余均为大隐静脉。置换机械瓣27例，置换生物瓣3例；行三尖瓣De Vega成形术17例。结果术后早期死亡1例（3．3％）。随访29例，平均随访时间13个月，心功能均有明显改善，Ⅰ级18例，Ⅱ级10例，Ⅲ级1例，可从事简单的运动及正常家务劳动，生活质量满意。结论老年二尖瓣疾病患者二尖瓣置换术同期行CABG的危险性较大，充分的术前准备，正确的手术方案，术中良好的心肌保护及严密的术后处理是手术成功的重要因素。     

心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病10例手术治疗

目的:探讨心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠心病的手术治疗方法及围术期处理。方法:2000年8月～2004年8月,同期手术治疗冠心病合并心脏瓣膜病10例,其中二尖瓣病变7例,主动脉瓣病变2例,联合瓣膜病变1例,手术在中低温体外循环下进行,均行人工机械瓣膜置换。结果:其中1例因低心排死亡,其余病人心功能明显改善。结论:瓣膜疾病合并冠心病者,手术死亡率偏高,但若能纠正瓣膜功能,改善心肌缺血情况,并完善术中心肌保护,对提高此类疾病患者的生活质量有良好的效果。     

瓣膜病合并冠心病的外科治疗

目的探讨对心脏瓣膜病合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)患者行手术治疗的疗效。方法对22例心脏瓣膜病合并冠心病患者进行瓣膜置换或成形,同期行冠状动脉旁路移植。结果术后早期死亡1例,其余患者术后心功能恢复、生活质量明显提高,均无心绞痛发作。结论对心脏瓣膜病合并冠心病患者选择瓣膜置换或成形,同期进行冠脉血运重建,能够改善患者心功能,提高生活质量。     

同期心脏瓣膜手术与冠状动脉旁路移植术81例

目的总结同期施行心脏瓣膜手术和冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的效果和临床经验。方法2000年1月至2005年12月我科同期施行心脏瓣膜手术/CABG 81例。风湿性心脏瓣膜疾病合并冠状动脉病变37例,冠心病合并心脏瓣膜功能不全44例。冠状动脉造影显示:单支血管病变18例,双支血管病变9例,多支血管病变54例。同期施行心瓣膜置换术和CABG 55例,瓣膜成形术和CABG 26例,其中同期行室壁瘤手术4例。人均冠状动脉远端吻合3.12±1.51个。术后发生低心排血量4例,需主动脉内球囊反搏支持。结果2例因手术后发生低心排血量和多器官功能衰竭死亡。再次开胸止血3例。79例患者取得了良好的临床效果,心脏功能明显改善。手术后随访64例,失访15例,随访时间1~74个月,平均随访14.2个月,随访期间死亡5例,均为非心源性死亡。其余患者生活质量明显改善。结论同期施行心脏瓣膜手术/CABG是有效可行的,近期效果满意。     

恶液质心瓣膜病人围术期营养支持的临床研究

心脏瓣膜病变发展到严重程度时患者可出现恶液质状态 ,其主要问题是极度营养不良、体重下降、心功能低下、各脏器功能损害普遍存在 ,手术死亡率高达 16 %～ 5 0 % [1 ] 。我科自 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月对 33例此类患者围术期进行了营养支持治疗并取得较好效果 ,现报告如下。临床资料一、一般资料本组男 10例 ,女 2 3例 ,年龄 2 0～ 6 5岁。身高 145～ 176 cm,体重 30～ 5 7kg。心功能 级 8例 , 级 2 5例。其中二尖瓣病变行二尖瓣置换术 18例 ,主动脉瓣病变行主动脉瓣置换术 3例 ,二尖瓣和主动脉瓣联合病变行双瓣置换术 12例。同时因…     

70岁以上老年患者的心脏瓣膜手术

目的 总结70岁以上老年患者心脏瓣膜病的特点及手术效果.方法 2005年1月到2011年11月,115例70岁以上老年患者接受心脏瓣膜手术,占同期心脏瓣膜手术的8.4％( 115/1366例),其中男65例,女50例;年龄(74.3±3.1)岁.风湿性心脏瓣膜病68例(59.1％),非风湿性瓣膜病47例(40.9％).术前心功能Ⅲ～Ⅳ级75例(65.2％).行二尖瓣置换术(MVR) 55例(47.8％),主动脉瓣置换术(AVR) 33例(28.7％),AVR+ MVR 16例(13.9％),二尖瓣成形术(MVP)3例(2.6％),AVR+ MVP 5例(4.3％),三尖瓣置换术3例(2.6％).同期行左心房血栓清除术18例(15.7％),三尖瓣成形术71例(61.7％),Bentall手术6例(5.2％),冠状动脉旁路移植术15例(13.0％).结果 术后早期死亡1例(0.87％).术后早期主要并发症包括重度低心排血量综合征6例,新发房颤17例,呼吸机延迟拔管12例,急性肾功能衰竭3例,脑部并发症3例.术后6个月复查,112例(97.4％)生存,心功Ⅲ～Ⅳ级8例(7.14％).结论 老年患者心脏瓣膜手术虽然手术风险较高的,但仍可以获得满意效果.     

牛心包生物瓣膜的临床应用

目的 报告牛心包生物瓣膜置换治疗瓣膜疾病的临床经验和手术效果.方法 自2003年1月至2005年12月,52例患者接受心瓣膜置换术,其中心功能分级(NYHA)Ⅱ级11例,Ⅲ级34例,Ⅳ级7例,36例患者合并心房颤动;行二尖瓣置换术25例,三尖瓣置换术6例,主动脉瓣置换术13例,肺动脉瓣置换术1例,主动脉瓣加二尖瓣置换术6例,二尖瓣加三尖瓣置换术1例;术后通过电话随访患者恢复情况.结果 住院期间死亡1例,手术死亡率为1.9%(1/52);术后并发呼吸道感染2例,51例患者均顺利康复出院;术后住院时间10.8±3.3 d(6～22 d).术后随访37例,随访时间15d～24个月,随访率72.5%(37/51),心功能均恢复到Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,无1例患者出现出血和栓塞,无再次瓣膜手术.结论 生物瓣膜具有较高的手术安全性,患者的心功能恢复较好,术后出血、栓塞、瓣膜毁损和感染性心内膜炎、再次瓣膜手术的发生率可能较低,具有较好的疗效,患者的生活质量较高.     

心包、心脏

常温非体外循环下外科治疗主动脉缩窄15例；错位折叠法矫治主动脉瓣脱垂伴关闭不全；二尖瓣关闭不全成形术；心脏瓣膜手术同期施行冠状动脉搭桥术；心脏瓣膜置换后再次瓣膜手术的临床分析.     

Simultaneous Development of Dieterich Disease and Freiberg Disease

Dieterich disease is an uncommon arthropathy of the hand, with few studies published. This lesion shares a similar etiopathogenesis with Freiberg disease, although the association of both conditions has only been described once. We report a 65-year-old man consulting for inflammatory pain in his right hand of 1 month's duration and also in his right foot of 4 months' duration. The rheumatology department was consulted to rule out systemic disease because the synovitis had occurred simultaneously in 2 different locations. The plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging findings supported the diagnosis of Dieterich disease and Freiberg disease, although only increased uptake was found on scintigraphy in the affected zones. Few studies have been published about Dieterich disease, most in case report form. To our knowledge, only 1 study has described the association of Dieterich disease and Freiberg disease. Surgical treatment has been described when conservative management is unsuccessful, with multiple techniques used. The present case is the first in which Dieterich disease and Freiberg disease manifested simultaneously in the initial painful inflammatory phase.     

Celiac Disease and Metabolic Bone Disease

Celiac disease is a common autoimmune gastrointestinal disorder affecting multiple organs, precipitated in genetically vulnerable persons by the ingestion of gluten. Gluten is poorly digested and is presented to the intestinal mucosa as a large polypeptide. Binding to human leukocyte antigen-DQ2 and human leukocyte antigen-DQ8 molecules on antigen-presenting cells stimulates cellular and humeral immune reactions. Although common serological tests are available to diagnose celiac disease, the diagnosis of celiac disease is often delayed or missed because of lack of recognition as the disease presentation in adults is highly variable and may be asymptomatic. Celiac disease is a common secondary cause of metabolic bone disease and delayed treatment with gluten-free diet affects bone mineral density and fracture risk, so it is crucial to diagnose and treat celiac disease promptly. In this article, we will review recent studies of celiac disease in adults and provide practical, easily accessible information for busy clinicians.     

Joint Disease in End-Stage Renal Disease

The joint diseases that are encountered in chronic dialysis have been reviewed. There are two general categories: de novo disease and arthropathy anteceding ESRD. The de novo joint diseases include categories that are probably the direct result of ESRD. Microcrystalline CaOHapatite and CaPPD arthritis is associated with hyperparathyroidism and a high Ca X P. Aluminum phosphate joint disease is the result of aluminum toxicity. Both types have severe disease of the adjacent bone: osteitis fibrosa with CaOHapatite-CaPPD arthropathy and osteomalacia with aluminum phosphate. Calcium oxalate joint disease probably results from renal oxalate retention in ESRD and conversion of ascorbate to oxalate. The evidence for uric acid arthropathy in the absence of primary gout or lead toxicity is not convincing. Amyloid is the most frequent cause of the carpal tunnel syndrome and is related to retention of β-2 microglobulin. Infective arthritis may be Seen, often occumng as a result of bacteremia from an infected fistula site. A degenerative arthritis different from osteoarthritis has also been described. Pathologic fractures can occur with both amyloid deposition in bone and aluminum osteomalacia. Long-term steroid therapy can lead to avascular necrosis of femoral or humeral heads. Diabetes mellitus with neuropathy can give rise to a very destructive Charcot joint. Tendon ruptures occur, but the mechanism is obscure.
It is most important that the nephrologist work closely with the rheumatologist. Carefbl and sophis ticated examination of synovial fluid and tissue is mandatory in the microcrystalling diseases. Immunohistochemical methods may be required, particularly for tissue removed during decompression of the median nerve. Together the subspecialists can establish the diagnosis and determine the appropriate therapy for the iarge number of joint disorders to which the dialysis patient is subject.     

Joint Disease in End-Stage Renal Disease

The joint diseases that are encountered in chronic dialysis have been reviewed. There are two general categories: de novo disease and arthropathy anteceding ESRD. The de novo joint diseases include categories that are probably the direct result of ESRD. Microcrystalline CaOHapatite and CaPPD arthritis is associated with hyperparathyroidism and a high Ca X P. Aluminum phosphate joint disease is the result of aluminum toxicity. Both types have severe disease of the adjacent bone: osteitis fibrosa with CaOHapatite-CaPPD arthropathy and osteomalacia with aluminum phosphate. Calcium oxalate joint disease probably results from renal oxalate retention in ESRD and conversion of ascorbate to oxalate. The evidence for uric acid arthropathy in the absence of primary gout or lead toxicity is not convincing. Amyloid is the most frequent cause of the carpal tunnel syndrome and is related to retention of β-2 microglobulin. Infective arthritis may be Seen, often occumng as a result of bacteremia from an infected fistula site. A degenerative arthritis different from osteoarthritis has also been described. Pathologic fractures can occur with both amyloid deposition in bone and aluminum osteomalacia. Long-term steroid therapy can lead to avascular necrosis of femoral or humeral heads. Diabetes mellitus with neuropathy can give rise to a very destructive Charcot joint. Tendon ruptures occur, but the mechanism is obscure. It is most important that the nephrologist work closely with the rheumatologist. Carefbl and sophis ticated examination of synovial fluid and tissue is mandatory in the microcrystalling diseases. Immunohistochemical methods may be required, particularly for tissue removed during decompression of the median nerve. Together the subspecialists can establish the diagnosis and determine the appropriate therapy for the iarge number of joint disorders to which the dialysis patient is subject.     

Disease Characteristics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

Background  

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), which are chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract. There are only few published data on disease characteristics of IBD related to South Asia.     

颈腰椎并发的椎间盘病变

报告１４例颈腰段并发的椎间盘病,其临床特点为脊髓型颈椎病和腰椎间盘突出症或腰椎管狭窄症的症状和体征。经Ｘ线、ＣＴ和ＭＲＩ检查显示颈、腰椎间盘并存的突出或膨出,多节段受累常合并混合型椎管狭窄症。该病常发于老年人。两节段受压症状可互相干扰,该病常造成误诊和漏诊,详细询问病史和全面查体是防止误诊和漏诊的关键。对患者进行随访,２节段症状并重时应首先做颈椎手术,症状一轻一重,选择症状较重的节段进行手术治疗。手术效果较一般单发的颈腰椎间盘突出症差     

Theory of Bowstring Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment Bowstring Disease

Bowstring disease (BSD) is a new classification of spine disease caused by axial stretched lesion on nerve roots and the spinal cord, which is differentiated from disc herniation and canal stenosis in that it is caused by nerve compression lesions. BSD could be caused by mismatched growth rates between the spine and nerve roots (the juvenile type), or by imbalanced degenerative rates between the spine column and nerve roots (degenerative type). Here, we propose that there are several self‐adjust mechanisms to relieve axial nerve tension: (i) nerve growth; (ii) posture adjustment and low back pain; (iii) autogenous degeneration of intervertebral disc; and (iv) idiopathic and degenerative scoliosis. Iatrogenic lesions could also result in BSD, which could be presented as adjacent segment degeneration, leading to adding‐on effects and other neurological symptoms. The diagnosis criteria are proposed based on symptoms, physical examination, and radiological presentations. To remove axial tension on nerve roots, lumbar surgery should aim to restore the coordination of spine and cord units. Capsule surgery, shortening the spine column, could decompress cord and nerve roots 3‐dimensionally.