预防静脉桥再狭窄的基因治疗研究现状

在外科治疗动脉狭窄或闭塞性疾病中,应用静脉移植使血管重建是一种常用的方法,其中,在冠状动脉疾病中应用较为广泛,尤其是应用自体大隐静脉进行冠状动脉旁路移植手术。短期内其效果非常有效,但远期通畅率欠佳,尽管有一定的预防方法,但是效果不太理想,而基因治疗作为其中的一项,成为一个潜在的治疗选择。基因治疗可以通过减少血栓形成、血管内膜增生、动脉粥样硬化进而改善桥血管通畅率,本文我们将对预防静脉桥再狭窄的基因治疗做一综述。     

静脉桥血管外支架的研究

冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)后,自体大隐静脉桥的再狭窄是亟需解决的问题。血管外支架是预防静脉桥再狭窄的一种可行办法。本文综述了多年来静脉桥血管外支架在材料方面、作用机制、临床应用研究等文献以反映静脉桥血管外支架的研究进展。     

静脉桥血管外支架的研究

冠状动脉旁路移植手术(CABG)后,自体大隐静脉桥的再狭窄是亟需解决的问题.血管外支架是预防静脉桥再狭窄的一种可行办法.本文综述了多年来静脉桥血管外支架在材料方面、作用机制、临床应用研究等文献以反映静脉桥血管外支架的研究进展.     

血流剪切力对静脉桥血管再狭窄影响的研究进展

正大隐静脉因其易得、长度足够且较为匹配等特点是冠状动脉搭桥术中广泛使用的血管材料,然而静脉桥具有较高的再狭窄率,术后10年约50%的静脉桥血管发生狭窄或闭塞。造成静脉桥血管再狭窄的因素较多,如获取静脉血管时的操作损伤、缺血再灌注,早期血管内血栓形成,内膜细胞的增殖、血小板及白细胞的黏附及平滑肌细胞的增生等。静脉桥     

全骨骼化动脉血管桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的:总结分析全骨骼化(skeletonized)动脉血管桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术早期结果和使用经验。方法:102例冠心病患者接受全骨骼化动脉血管桥的冠状动脉旁路移植术。结果:远端吻合口平均(3．3±1．6)个。组合Y或I血管桥32例,序贯吻合52例。术后并发脑梗塞合并败血症、多脏器功能衰竭各1例,并发肺部感染3例,手术死亡2例。术后随访(8．2±2．8)个月,远期无死亡或心脏事件患者。结论:使用超声刀对动脉血管桥进行骨骼化采取是安全可行的。     

紫杉醇局部治疗抑制猪静脉桥新生内膜形成和增厚的实验研究

目的 :局部药物治疗是一个很好的防治静脉桥病变的策略。本研究用抗细胞增殖药物紫杉醇处理大隐静脉桥后植入猪的颈动脉 ,以观察紫杉醇的抗细胞增殖作用在抑制静脉桥内膜平滑肌细胞增殖、迁移导致内膜形成和增厚的效果。方法 :将 10头猪的 2 0只大隐静脉桥分为两组。治疗组 :将大隐静脉桥 10只置于含有 10 μmol/L浓度的紫杉醇溶液中 (先用该溶液灌洗 )浸泡 1h后植入猪的颈动脉 ,紫杉醇是溶解在 2 5 μl/L的无水酒精中 ,对照组 10只大隐静脉桥置于单纯的酒精中浸泡。 4周后取开放的静脉桥进行组织学分析。结果 :①治疗组静脉桥新生内膜面积 (1 5 9± 0 95 )mm2 ,对照组新生内膜面积高达 (2 43± 1 3 5 )mm2 ,治疗组显著低于对照组 ,两组比较有非常显著的差异 ,P <0 0 1;②治疗组内膜平滑肌细胞密度均值为 (3 681± 193 5 ) /mm2 ,对照组为 (4 60 7± 1993 ) /mm2 ,两组比较有显著性差异 ,P <0 0 5 ;中膜平滑肌细胞密度均值治疗组 (2 13 9± 73 4) /mm2 ,对照组(3 62 9± 3 2 0 7) /mm2 ,两组比较有显著性的差异 ,P <0 0 5。结论 :紫杉醇可显著抑制静脉桥内膜、中膜平滑肌细胞的增殖 ,抑制新生内膜的形成 ,证明紫杉醇可在防治静脉桥闭塞方面发挥独特作用。     

静脉桥再狭窄研究进展

随着社会老龄化的加剧,冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的发病率也逐渐上升。冠状动脉旁路移植术是其重要治疗方法之一。动脉作为移植材料有其自身的优点,但数量限制了它的使用。大隐静脉仍然是冠状动脉旁路移植术的主要移植材料,而静脉桥再狭窄严重影响了冠状动脉旁路移植术的远期疗效,其再狭窄机制一直在研究中,现就目前的一些新进展做一综述。     

低位一期静脉动脉化治疗老年缺血性糖尿病足

糖尿病足（DF）在肢体慢性缺血性疾病中是治疗困难且病残率最高的疾病，50％非创伤性截肢为DF^[1]。作者自1998年10月采用膝关节下低位静脉动脉化治疗26例（29肢）缺血性DF，疗效满意，病残率降低。     

乳内动脉行选择性心中静脉动脉化模型的建立

目的:模拟右冠状动脉弥散性狭窄并使用右乳内动脉(RIMA),建立选择性心中静脉动脉化(CVBG)模型。方法:对14只小型猪应用高胆固醇饮食结合右冠状动脉多节段内膜剥脱术,诱发形成右冠状动脉重度弥散性狭窄。随机均分为对照组及实验组,在非体外循环下使用RIMA对实验组实施CVBG,对照组则进行单纯开胸术。术后6 h行冠状动脉造影、超声心动图、桥血管流量监测及非放射性彩色微球法检测心肌各层血流量等检查。结果:6只小型猪成功建立了CVBG模型。实验组缺血心肌经再灌注后平均血流量较对照组显著改善[(0.33±0.05)vs.(0.19±0.03)mL.g-1.min-1,P<0.05],实验组的心功能较对照组明显好转[(0.51±0.06)vs.(0.43±0.06),P<0.05]。结论:通过高胆固醇饮食结合右冠状动脉多节段内膜剥脱术,诱导右冠状动脉重度弥散性狭窄,使用RIMA与心中静脉吻合成功建立了CVBG模型,并初步证明CVBG可改善心肌缺血,具有进一步研究价值。     

再狭窄中动脉重塑研究的现状及展望

经皮冠状动脉介入术 (ｐｅｒｃｕｔａｎｅｏｕｓｃｏｒｏｎａｒｙｉｎ ｔｅｒｖｅｎｔｉｏｎ ,ＰＣＩ)后的再狭窄 ,一直是介入心脏病学的一个主要难题。再狭窄机制复杂 ,中层细胞增殖与新生内膜增生肥厚为首要原因之观点流行已久 ,但新近的证据显示 ,ＰＴＣＡ术后冠状动脉大小的变化 (重塑ｒｅｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇ)引起更大的晚期腔径丧失[1] 。下面对粥样硬化性再狭窄中动脉重塑的研究现状及未来研究方向作一综述。重塑研究的由来及其含义1972年 ,Ｍａｎｎ等首先报道了与粥样硬化有关的冠状动脉大小改变[2 ] ,非洲Ｍａｓａｉ男性族人冠状动脉…     

大鼠自体静脉移植后再狭窄形成机制的实验研究

目的通过建立大鼠自体静脉移植模型探讨静脉移植后再狭窄机制及药物对其影响以期减少再狭窄率,为临床用药提供理论依据.方法将大鼠自体颈静脉外侧分支间置移植于颈总动脉,术前1周开始分组给口服药卡托普利[100mg/(kg@d)]、阿司匹林[40mg/(kg@d)]及联合用药至术后2周.应用病理形态学方法通过计算机图像定量分析,观察自体移植后静脉内膜平滑肌细胞增殖的情况及药物对其影响.应用增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)免疫组织化学方法,观察其对自体移植静脉血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)中PCNA表达的变化.结果卡托普利组及卡托普利加阿司匹林组与对照组相比移植静脉内膜增生程度及静脉内膜PCNA阳性细胞指数差异有显著性(P＜0.05);阿司匹林组与对照组相比移植静脉内膜增生受到一定的抑制,但无显著差异.而阿司匹林组PCNA阳性细胞指数无显著差异.结论卡托普利可明显抑制静脉移植后平滑肌细胞反应性增生.而阿司匹林无抑制作用.     

Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: A review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures—part V

Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effect on the site of obstruction has been termed “remodeling.” Part V of this six-part series focuses on remodeling effects of balloon angioplasty on obstructed young (≤ 1 year) and old (> 1 year) saphenous vein bypass grafts.     

人参皂苷Rb1抑制自体静脉移植物内膜平滑肌细胞增生的研究

目的:研究人参皂苷Rb1通过抑制自体静脉移植物增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达,进而抑制移植物内膜平滑肌细胞过度增生的作用。方法:45只新西兰大白兔随机分为实验组、模型组、对照组,每组15只。应用no-touch外科技术获取颈外静脉后,采用外翻连续缝合方法将颈外静脉吻合至颈总动脉,建立静脉移植桥的动物模型。4周后利用苏木精-伊红染色观察移植静脉血管内膜形态及厚度变化,RT-PCR检测静脉移植血管中PCNA mRNA的表达。结果:光镜下结果显示:移植4周后,实验组、模型组和对照组移植血管的内膜厚度分别为(41.57±2.43)、(73.76±7.83)和(11.38±0.71)μm,各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),移植静脉内膜/中膜厚度比分别为(1.21±0.09)、(1.44±0.12)和(0.28±0.07),各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);移植4周后的实验组、模型组和对照组PCNA mRNA相对含量比值分别是(0.942±0.004)、(0.756±0.003)和(0.574±0.002),各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:人参皂苷Rb1能够抑制移植血管PCNA mRNA的过度表达,进而有效减轻移植血管内膜增生导致的再狭窄,延长静脉血管桥的使用寿命。     

Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: A review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures—Part II

Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effects on the site of obstruction has been termed “remodeling.” Part II of this six-part series focuses on morphologic causes of acute closure after remodeling and discusses findings late after successful balloon angioplasty remodeling.     

Percutaneous bailout therapy of a perforated vein graft using a stent-autologous vein patch

A 74-yr-old man with two prior coronary bypass surgeries experienced perforation of an occluded aortocoronary vein graft during a transluminal extraction catheter (TEC) procedure for unstable angina. The perforation was successfully closed using a Palmaz 154 stent covered with a short segment of autologous antecubital vein. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Coronary artery and saphenous vein graft remodeling: A review of histologic findings after various interventional procedures—Part IV

Catheter balloon angioplasty is a well accepted form of nonsurgical treatment of acutely and chronically obstructed coronary artery vessels. It is also the centerpiece for various new intervention techniques. Their morphologic effects on the site of obstruction has been termed “remodeling.” Part IV of this six-part series focuses on morphologic correlates of coronary angiographic patterns of remodeling after balloon angioplasty and discusses effects of angioplasty on adjacent, nondilated vessels.     

Intravascular lithotripsy in saphenous vein grafts and graft stent failure: A case series

The long-term patency of saphenous vein grafts (SVGs) is poor compared to arterial bypass grafts. Re-do coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is high risk, thus graft failure often requires revascularization with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). While PCI to the native vessels is preferable, PCI to SVGs is sometimes necessary despite being associated with a high incidence of stent failure. While early SVG degeneration is associated with friable disease, calcification becomes an increasing problem in older grafts. Intravascular Lithotripsy (IVL) has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in the treatment of calcified native coronary artery disease (CAD). We present the first case series of five patients undergoing PCI to de novo SVG disease or SVG stent failure utilizing IVL for calcium modification.     

大鼠自体移植静脉内膜增生模型的改进

目的改进大鼠自体移植静脉内膜增生模型。方法将36只SD大鼠随机分成实验组和对照组。实验组采用套管法将大鼠白体颈外静脉移植入同侧颈动脉系统。对照组采用吻合法行自体颈外静脉移植,术后均皮下注射肝素800U／kg,2次／d,共5d。观察术后不同时间点两组大鼠移植静脉通畅性、吻合口狭窄及内膜增生情况。结果实验组移植静脉自体移植静通畅性优于对照组,吻合口狭窄程度轻于对照组。结论实验组模型设计科学,操作简便,成功率高。     

胶原和弹性纤维积聚与移植静脉桥狭窄的相关性

目的 :研究胶原和弹性纤维分布及量的变化 ,探讨其在移植静脉桥狭窄中的作用。方法 :建立 30只兔自体颈外静脉移植模型 ,用免疫组化和特殊染色测定胶原和弹性纤维 ,计算机图像分析 ,量化胶原和弹性纤维与桥壁及桥腔的关系。结果 :静脉桥于术后 15 d至 6月 ,胶原和弹性纤维积聚进行性增加 ,增加程度与静脉桥管壁增厚和管腔缩小密切正相关。结论 :胶原大量积聚可能对静脉桥狭窄起了关键作用。     

A comparison of the radial and the femoral approach in vein graft PCI. A retrospective study

BACKGROUND: Transradial PCI is a safe and effective method of percutaneous revascularization. However, there is limited data on the efficacy of the transradial approach for saphenous vein graft (SVG) PCI. METHODS: We studied 334 patients who underwent SVG PCI between January 2000 and December 2003, and compared the radial (132 patients) and the femoral (202 patients) approach. RESULTS: Mean EF (55.6±18.6% radial versus 58.1±16.8% femoral), lesion location (proximal, mid, distal: 22.6/50.6/26.7% versus 22.6/44.5/32.9% respectively) and lesion type (B1/B2/C: 3.4/4.1/92.5% versus 0.4/3.1/96.5%) were similar in both groups (P>0.05). Five patients had a failed radial attempt (3.8%) and were switched to the femoral approach. Mean fluoroscopy time (20.4±12.2 versus 18.4±10.2min), procedural time (60.0±27.2 versus 61.6±24.9?min) and the use of contrast (223±91 versus 234±91ml) IIB/IIIA inhibitors (27.2 versus 33.2%), and stenting (81.5 versus 81.3%) were similar in both groups, whereas 5 or 6 French sheaths were used more often in the radial group (83.4 versus 64.9%, P<0.01). Angiographic success (93.9 versus 92.9%), in hospital MACE (radial:5 MI (3.8%) versus femoral: 1 death (0.5%) and 7 MI (3.5%) and major vascular complications (0.7 versus 0.5%) were also similar. CONCLUSIONS: The radial approach in SVG PCI is as fast and successful as the femoral.