人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植修复难愈性创面的疗效观察

目的：观察人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植（简称复合皮移植）修复难愈性创面的疗效。方法选取住院的各种难愈性创面患者30例,均存在各种原因导致的不同程度和部位皮肤软组织缺损创面,部分病例伴有肌肉、肌腱、骨外露。一期清创后移植人工真皮,2～3周后局部肉芽组织生长良好,外露肌腱和骨组织被类真皮组织覆盖,二期移植自体薄层皮片。观察人工真皮和自体薄层皮片（复合皮）移植成活率、瘢痕增生、色素沉着和关节活动度等情况,综合评价人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植修复难愈性创面的临床效果。结果30例患者人工真皮移植后成活25例,成活率为83.3％;5例溶解失活,原因为局部感染4例,局部固定不良1例。存活的25例人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植成活率达100.0％。25例出院后均随访2～6个月,复合皮生长良好,光滑有弹性,无明显瘢痕增生,少量皮肤色泽改变;供皮部位恢复良好,无瘢痕增生,部分患者有少量色素改变。结论人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植修复难愈性创面,复合皮移植成活率高,创面愈合质量好,成活后的复合皮部位和供皮区瘢痕增生轻微,关节功能恢复良好,方法简便,为难愈性创面的修复提供了新选择。     

复合皮移植治疗功能部位深度烧伤39例临床观察

应用脱细胞真皮基质加自体表皮复合移植修复切痂后烧伤创面39例。结果复合皮移植后皮片成活率94％，供、受皮区仅有轻度瘢痕，皮肤外观、弹性及肢体功能恢复良好。认为应用脱细胞真皮基质加自体表皮复合移植修复功能部位获得了类似于中厚皮移植的效果，节省了自体皮源，供皮区损伤小、恢复快，瘢痕轻。     

脱细胞异体真皮加自体刃厚皮复合移植在创面修复中的临床应用

目的 寻找功能部位深度烧伤创面与瘢痕畸形修复的理想覆盖材料.方法将功能部位的深度烧伤创面和瘢痕切除后,创面行脱细胞异体真皮+自体刃厚皮复合移植.结果 25例患者复合皮全部成活,复合皮光滑柔软,局部弹性好,关节功能恢复良好.结论脱细胞异体真皮+自体刃厚皮是功能部位创面修复的理想覆盖材料.     

异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖自体微粒皮治疗大面积深度烧伤疗效观察

目的：观察异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖自体微粒皮治疗大面积深度烧伤的临床疗效。方法对46例大面积深度烧伤患者采用早期切（削）痂术,创面行自体微粒皮移植加异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质敷料治疗,观察脱细胞真皮基质变化以及创面修复情况。结果术后异种脱细胞真皮基质敷料与创面贴敷良好,未见明显溶解脱落;3～4周逐渐脱水干燥,自体微粒皮成活并扩展,异种脱细胞真皮基质敷料与创面逐步分离,直至创面愈合脱落。术后2个月,创面愈后外观、弹性较好,瘢痕增生轻。结论异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖自体微粒皮治疗大面积深度烧伤疗效较好。     

脱细胞真皮联合自体刃厚皮移植治疗烧伤后瘢痕(附36例报告)

目的探讨脱细胞真皮联合自体刃厚皮移植治疗烧伤后瘢痕的可行性及效果。方法对36例烧伤后瘢痕患者在严格无菌条件操作下将瘢痕切除(保留深筋膜上2~3 mm脂肪组织)后,植入脱细胞真皮和自体刃厚皮,创面用成纤维细胞生长因子(EGF)和抗生素外敷加压包扎,制动肢体。结果修复面积为6 cm×8 cm~28cm×30 cm,脱细胞真皮与自体刃厚皮贴覆成活>98%;6例随访6个月~2 a,无排斥反应,皮肤弹性、外观良好,触之柔软,关节部位功能良好;多次供皮区无瘢痕,仅有轻度色素沉着。结论脱细胞真皮是一种修复瘢痕切除后创面的理想组织工程化材料,其与自体刃厚皮移植联合治疗烧伤后瘢痕增生近期效果良好,尤其对自体皮源有限者可起到自体全厚皮的作用。     

烧伤后骨外露40例综合治疗体会

目的 探讨深度烧伤骨外露创面的有效处理方法.方法 选择深度烧伤合并骨外露患者40例,采用局部皮瓣修复、局部皮肤扩张术＋二期皮瓣转移覆盖、负压吸引＋皮片移植修复、局部外露骨骼打孔＋肉芽创面皮片移植修复等多种方法覆盖骨外露创面.结果 皮瓣修复效果早期就诊手术患者好于就诊较晚手术患者,其中以头皮扩张术后修复颅骨的外露效果最好.就诊较晚未手术患者治疗效果较差,后期均出现较为严重的瘢痕挛缩,愈后外观、功能均不满意.结论 深度烧伤合并骨外露的创面绝大部分需手术治疗,其中早期皮瓣转移修复骨外露创面是较为理想的方法.     

脱细胞异体真皮与自体薄皮片复合移植在老年烧伤整形患者中的应用

自体皮瓣、皮片是烧伤整形患者创面最常用的永久性覆盖物,但采用自体皮瓣、全厚或中厚皮片移植来治疗烧伤整形,常常受到供区的限制且供区愈合后亦会形成明显瘢痕。尤其对于老年烧伤整形患者,由于皮肤松弛、皮下脂肪少,烧伤后愈合慢,自愈时间长,如果采用自体皮瓣、皮片移植往往造成移植区伤口恢复不佳,且移植的皮瓣或皮片成活率较低。近年,     

负压封闭吸引技术治疗手和足踝部软组织缺损32例

肌腱、骨骼等深部组织外露在手和足踝部创伤中非常常见.治疗这类损伤的传统做法是清创后换药,等待局部肉芽组织生长然后植皮.换药的过程通常需要很长时间,换药时病人非常痛苦,而且软组织缺损致肌腱、骨骼等深部组织或内固定装置外露的创面单纯依靠换药很难有健康的肉芽组织生长,通常需要行皮瓣移植修复,操作复杂,供区创面还需再处理.     

负压技术联合中厚小皮片移植治疗老年人前足背较大深度创面的临床观察

前足创伤位于下肢末端,血供欠佳,愈合能力差;其背侧皮肤之下缺乏皮下脂肪、肌肉等软组织,受损后常伴肌腱、骨外露;且可用于修复的组织少,故足背前端皮肤缺损的修复一直较为棘手,若为老年人则更是难题。自2006年6月至2016年3月,我们采取负压技术联合中厚小皮片移植治疗老年人前足背侧较大面积深度创面取得较好效果。报道如下。     

脱细胞异体真皮加自体刃厚皮复合移植术的围手术期护理

目的 总结脱细胞异体真皮加自体刃厚皮复合移植在创面修复术的围手术期护理经验.方法 对25例患者行术前护理并对其及其亲属行相关术前指导,严格无菌操作,术中密切和正确配合,手术后加强护理.结果 经过精心护理,25例患者手术均获成功,无严重并发症发生.结论 良好的围手术期护理是手术成功的关键.     

Using hyaluronic acid derivatives and cultured autologous fibroblasts and keratinocytes in a lower limb wound in a patient with diabetes: a case report

Patients with diabetes have an impaired wound healing process that contributes to the pathophysiology that may lead to amputation. In this case study, an extensive (103.49 cm2) full-thickness cutaneous wound with exposure of a necrotic Achilles' tendon in a patient with diabetes, neuropathy, and infrapopliteal vascular disease of the lower limbs was healed using a two-stage autologous skin substitute technique. The scaffolds on which the autologous fibroblasts and keratinocytes were grown comprised an ester derivative of hyaluronic acid. Two applications of the cultured autologous fibroblasts and one of the cultured autologous keratinocytes were placed on the wound at 7-day intervals. The ulcer healed completely 60 days following the first fibroblast graft application. After 16 months of follow-up, no recurrence was noted and the patient can walk without ancillary support. This novel tissue engineering technique is a promising treatment for wound healing.     

Negative-pressure wound therapy combined with artificial dermis (Terudermis) followed by split-thickness skin graft might be an effective treatment option for wounds exposing tendon and bone: A retrospective observation study

Skin grafts are not suitable for closing tendon- or bone-exposing wounds, which require flap surgery. Dermal regeneration templates have value for closing such wounds, but the disadvantages of the technique include implantation failures because of infection, hematoma formation, or inappropriate immobilization. Negative-pressure wound therapy was reported to increase graft acceptance in difficult wounds.This retrospective case series of 65 patients evaluated negative-pressure therapy combined with artificial dermis for the treatment of acute or chronic tendon- or bone-exposing wounds. The artificial dermis was placed after adequate wound-bed preparation, with simultaneous application of a vacuum-assisted closure system. Split-thickness skin grafting was performed after the implanted artificial dermis had become established.The overall success rate was 88.1% (59/67): 88.6% (39/44) in the chronic wounds group and 87% (20/23) in the acute-trauma group separately. The overall mean survival time of artificial dermis in success cases was 13.24 ± 7.14 days. In separately, the survival time of artificial dermis had no statistically difference in chronic wound group (13.64 ± 7.53 vs 12.60 ± 5.86. P = .943), but had significant statistical difference in acute trauma group (12.45 ± 6.44 days vs 23.33 ± 4.04 days, P = .018). Also, comorbidity of PAOD was found a strong risk factor of failure in chronic wound group (100% vs 23.1%, P < 0.001).We concluded that artificial dermis combined with negative-pressure therapy followed by split-thickness skin grafting might be a reliable and effective option for surgical reconstruction of tendon- or bone-exposing wounds, and could decreasing waiting periods of autologous skin graft.     

Synthesis and characterization of a model extracellular matrix that induces partial regeneration of adult mammalian skin.

Regeneration of the dermis does not occur spontaneously in the adult mammal. The epidermis is regenerated spontaneously provided there is a dermal substrate over which it can migrate. Certain highly porous, crosslinked collagen-glycosaminoglycan copolymers have induced partial morphogenesis of skin when seeded with dermal and epidermal cells and then grafted on standard, full-thickness skin wounds in the adult guinea pig. A mature epidermis and a nearly physiological dermis, which lacked hair follicles but was demonstrably different from scar, were regenerated over areas as large as 16 cm2. These chemical analogs of extracellular matrices were morphogenetically active provided that the average pore diameter ranged between 20 and 125 microns, the resistance to degradation by collagenase exceeded a critical limit, and the density of autologous dermal and epidermal cells inoculated therein was greater than 5 x 10(4) cells per cm2 of wound area. Unseeded copolymers with physical structures that were within these limits delayed the onset of wound contraction by about 10 days but did not eventually prevent it. Seeded copolymers not only delayed contraction but eventually arrested and reversed it while new skin was being regenerated. The data identify a model extracellular matrix that acts as if it were an insoluble growth factor with narrowly specified physiochemical structure, functioning as a transient basal lamina during morphogenesis of skin.     

Artificial dermis graft on the mandible lacking periosteum after excision of an ossifying fibroma: a case report

Collagen-based grafts have often been used as artificial tissue substitutes for the repair of tissue and organ defects. It is common surgical knowledge that autogenous or artificial skin grafts take well on the intact periosteum of bone. However, many experienced surgeons indicate that autogenous or artificial skin grafts subsist poorly on the bone surface without periosteum. Therefore, primary closure is usually recommended in the wound healing of exposed bone. Vestibuloplasty might be needed to create enough depth of vestibule in the future. In this case report, we describe a peripheral ossifying fibroma surgically excised leaving a bony defect, which was covered by a piece of artificial dermis. Satisfactory result of the repaired surgical defect showed no need of vestibuloplasty after 6 years of follow-up.     

糖尿病大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面愈合过程中皮肤神经末梢再生的研究

目的观察糖尿病大鼠与正常大鼠全层皮肤缺损刨面愈合过程中神经末梢的再支配情况与创面愈合的关系。方法非糖尿病大鼠（n=12）与糖尿病大鼠（n=12）制成相同的全层皮肤缺损创面愈合模型。于伤后3d、7d和14d采取创面皮肤标本，用组织病理HE和SP抗体免疫组织化学染色技术检测创面肉芽再生与再上皮化情况，并对肉芽创面内周围神经末梢再生情况进行观察。结果糖尿病大鼠全层皮肤缺损创面愈合的时间延长，其周围神经末梢的数量较正常组明显减少，再生速度缓慢，肉芽组织中微血管和胶原形成的能力明显降低。结论糖尿病大鼠创面的愈合障碍与神经组织再生延迟相关。     

A reproducible laser-wounded skin equivalent model to study the effects of aging in vitro

Skin aging involves both chronological and photoaging processes. The effects of these processes are often overlapping and include changes in both the stratified epithelium and the fibroblast-rich dermis. Wound healing is frequently delayed with aging and can result in scarring. A skin equivalent model can be used to study the role of cells and the extracellular matrix in the process of wound healing. Current studies using this model employ a full-thickness wound placed atop a nonwounded dermis to mimic a partial-thickness wound. However, a true reproducible partial-thickness wound model has yet to be described. In this study, we investigated whether a laser-wounded skin equivalent would be a useful partial-thickness wound healing model. Three lasers were compared for the ability to generate a reproducible wound: an erbium-YAG, a high-powered excimer, and a low-powered excimer laser. Reepithelialization ability was tested using newborn and adult skin keratinocytes, adult esophageal keratinocytes, and cdk4-overexpressing newborn keratinocytes. Keratinocyte compartmentalization and basement membrane formation were assessed by immunofluorescence. The erbium-YAG and high-powered excimer laser cut reproducible wounds but left the remaining surface either discolored due to thermal damage and/or ragged; keratinocytes were unable to migrate into the wound area. The low-powered excimer laser cut reproducible wounds, leaving the cut surface intact and visibly unaltered; keratinocytes reepithelialized the wound in a collagenase-dependent manner within 3 days; and return of compartmentalization and basement membrane occurred within 14 days. The laser-wounded skin equivalent is an adjustable, reproducible partial-thickness wound model where keratinocyte biology akin to in vivo can be studied, and will be useful to study the effects of aging on wound healing.     

Temporary coverage of a forehead defect following tumor resection with a hyaluronic acid biological dressing: a case report

Coverage of large skin defects, especially following tumor resection and in patients who are not good candidates for procedures requiring general anesthesia, may require a staged procedure. The use of dermal substitutes to cover the defect until autologous grafting can be performed has been described. Hyaluronic acid biological dressings (HABD) also have been used for the temporary coverage of partial- to full-thickness posttraumatic or postsurgical wounds. An 82-year-old man with cardiopathy presented with an 8 cm x 4 cm ulcerated squamous cell carcinoma on his forehead. Following surgical removal under local anesthesia, the 12 cm x 8 cm defect was covered with HABD, which was removed immediately before the scheduled surgical closure (21 days later). At that time, well-vascularized granulation tissue completely covered the bone and an autologous skin graft was applied. Punch biopsy results obtained 4 weeks after surgery showed dressing remnants in the dermis and confirmed the graft was totally integrated with the surrounding tissues; there was no evidence of hypertrophy or excessive scarring. In this patient, the staged procedure provided an excellent alternative to a complex surgical procedure. Use of the biological dressing required only a weekly wound and dressing assessment and the cosmetic result was good without evidence of a recurrence at the 2-year follow-up. Studies to ascertain the efficacy and effectiveness of this dressing for the temporary coverage of soft tissue defects are needed.     

Application of internal fixation of steel–wire limited loop in early Achilles tendon rupture

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect and safety of internal fixation of steel–wire limited loop in early Achilles tendon rupture.MethodsSeventy–six patients respectively with early transected and avulsed types of Achilles tendon rupture were selected and treated with internal fixation of steel–wire limited loop. The patients began to take exercise for their lower limbs through continous passive motion as early as possible after surgical repair, and the loops were removed after 3–5 months. Six months later, the condition of complications including Achilles tendon re–rupture, wound fistula, wound infection and skin necrosis, cutaneous sensation in sural nerve dominance region, time back to preinjury work or learning as well as time to physical activities were observed. One year later, the therapeutic effect was evaluated, and the maximum circumferences of bilateral legs and ruptured plane circumferences of Achilles tendon were measured.ResultsThe wound of all patients healed well, no complications like Achilles tendon re–rupture, wound fistula, wound infection and skin necrosis occured, and the cutaneous sensation in sural nerve dominance region was normal. The mean time back to preinjury work or learning as well as to pysical activities of all patients were respectively 10 and 22 weeks. Seventy out of 76 patients (92.1%) achieved an excellent effect, and 6 (7.9%) good effect. The excellent and good rate came up to 100%. The maximum circumference in the affected leg decreased to 2 mm averagely compared with the offside, while the ruptured plane circumferences of Achilles tendon in the affected side increased to 2.2 mm compared with the offside.ConclusionsFor early Achilles tendon rupture, internal fixation of steel–wire limited loop can recover the ankle function better, return to the preinjury state in the shortest time, and has few complications.     

On the mechanism of skin wound "contraction": a granulation tissue "knockout" with a normal phenotype.

This report explores the mechanism of spontaneous closure of full-thickness skin wounds. The domestic pig, often used as a human analogue for skin wound repair studies, closes these wounds with kinetics similar to those in the guinea pig (mobile skin), even though the porcine dermis on the back is thick and nearly immobile. In the domestic pig, as in the guinea pig, daily full-thickness excisions of the central granulation tissue up to but not including the wound edges in both back and flank wounds do not alter the rate or completeness of wound closure or the final pattern of the scar. A purse-string mechanism of closure was precluded by showing that surgical interruption of wound edge continuity does not alter closure kinetics or wound shape. We conclude that "tightness" of skin is not a key factor nor is the central granulation tissue required for normal wound closure. These data imply that in vitro models such as contraction of isolated granulation tissue or of the cell-populated collagen lattice may not be relevant for understanding the cell biology of in vivo wound closure. Implications for the mechanism for wound closure are discussed.