脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症患者预防门静脉血栓形成研究

目的 探讨脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化门脉高压症患者门静脉血栓(PVT)的预测措施。方法 2017年1月～2019年3月我院肝胆外科诊治的肝硬化并发门脉高压症患者60例,均接受脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术。术后将患者分成A组和B组。在B组,当出现抗凝指针时给予低分子肝素短期抗凝治疗。使用彩超检查门脉指标和诊断PVT形成。结果 术后,在B组30例患者中有20例(66.7%)接受了短期抗凝治疗;在术后3 w末,超声检查发现PVT患者15例(25.0%),其中A组11例(36.7%),显著高于B组的4例【(13.3%),P<0.05】;血栓形成组门静脉直径为(1.5±0.3)cm,与无血栓形成组比,无显著性差异【(1.4±0.2)cm,P>0.05】,门静脉血流流速为(12.3±1.4)cm/s,显著低于无血栓形成组【(14.5±1.7)cm/s,P＜0.05】;血栓形成组血清D-二聚体水平显著高于无血栓形成组(P＜0.05);血栓形成组外周血血小板计数为(142.6±58.9)×10⁹/L,显著高于无血栓形成组【(91.4±52.4)×10⁹/L,P＜0.05】。结论 在采取脾切除联合贲门周围血管离断术治疗肝硬化并发门脉高压症患者时,需警惕术后PVT的形成。对术后血小板计数急剧升高、血清D-二聚体显著升高和门脉血流减慢的患者应该及时给予抗凝治疗。     

术前CT/MRI检查指标对肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成的预测价值

目的 观察术前CT/MRI检查门静脉系统指标预测肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成（PVT）的价值。方法 2016年7月~2018年7月我院收治的87例乙型肝炎肝硬化脾切除术后患者接受CT和MRI检查,随访3个月,观察PVT发生率,采用多因素Logistic回归分析肝硬化脾切除术后PVT形成的独立影响因素。结果 在随访3个月末,在87例肝硬化脾切除术后患者发现PVT者46例（52.9%）,均为PVT Ⅰ级,门静脉附壁血栓45例（51.7%）,其中伴肠系膜上静脉附壁血栓14例（16.1%）;46例PVT组门静脉直径为（16.7±2.2） mm,显著大于41例非PVT组【（14.8±1.5） mm,P<0.05】,门静脉流速差为（8.4±5.5） cm/s,显著高于非PVT组【（6.1±3.6） cm/s,P<0.05】,脾容积为（1370.8±370.1） cm³,显著大于非PVT组【（1205.2±357.3） cm³,P<0.05】;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,门静脉直径（OR=0.869,95%CI=0.608~1.246）、门静脉流速差（OR=1.185,95%CI=1.079~1.317）和脾容积（OR=3.427,95%CI=2.215~5.302）均是肝硬化脾切除术后PVT形成的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 术前CT/MRI检查指标可以预测肝硬化脾切除术后PVT形成,及时处理和预防将改善患者预后。     

晚期血吸虫病门脉高压症术后门静脉血栓形成的危险因素分析

目的探讨晚期血吸虫病门脉高压症脾切除贲门周围血管离断术后门静脉血栓(PVT)形成的危险因素。方法收集2004年8月至2014年3月期间本院外科收治的211例晚期血吸虫病门静脉高压症患者的临床资料,对可能影响术后PVT形成的因素进行单因素分析和Logistic回归分析。结果 211例患者中,59例术后PVT形成,发生率为27.96%(59/211)。单因素分析显示术前上消化道出血史、门静脉直径、脾静脉直径、食管静脉曲张程度、腹水、门脉高压性胃病、胃底静脉曲张、血氨水平是患者术后PVT形成的影响因素。Logistic回归分析显示门静脉直径增宽(OR=1.763,P=0.000)和门脉高压性胃病(OR=1.089,P=0.037)是患者术后PVT形成的独立危险因素。结论晚期血吸虫病门脉高压症术后PVT形成的发生率较高,门静脉直径增宽和门脉高压性胃病是PVT形成的独立危险因素。     

肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成的危险因素分析*

目的 分析影响肝硬化患者脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成（PVT）的危险因素。方法 2015年1月~2018年6月我院收治的肝硬化患者94例,接受脾切除联合食管下段周围曲张血管离断术,使用彩色多普勒超声检查门静脉系统。采用多因素Logistic回归分析影响术后PVT形成的危险因素。结果 术后1个月随访,经彩色多普勒超声检查,发现PVT形成30例,未发生PVT患者64例;PVT组有腹水者为56.7%,显著高于无PVT组的32.8%（P<0.05）,脾脏厚度为（75.8±9.4） mm,显著大于无PVT组【（69.1±8.8） mm,P<0.05】,脾脏体积为（141.7±18.1） mm2,显著大于无PVT组【（126.8±17.2） mm2,P<0.05】,门静脉内径为（16.2±2.1） mm,显著大于无PVT组【（14.1±1.9） mm,P<0.05】,门静脉血流流速为（12.2±1.5） cm/s,显著慢于无PVT组【（14.6±1.6） cm/s,P<0.05】;应用低分子右旋糖苷或低分子肝素抗凝干预患者所占比例显著低于无PVT组（P<0.05）;Logistic回归分析显示,未应用抗凝治疗（OR=0.503,P=0.023）、门静脉流速减慢（OR=0.491,P=0.014）、脾脏体积增加（OR=1.872,P=0.044）和门静脉内径增宽（OR=1.982,P=0.021）是肝硬化脾切除术患者术后PVT形成的独立危险因素。结论 肝硬化脾切除术患者术后可能存在PVT形成,了解一些危险因素并给予积极的干预可能减少PVT形成的发生,使患者获益。     

肝硬化门静脉血栓患者血浆D-二聚体水平及其临床意义

目的探讨肝硬化门静脉血栓（PVT）患者血浆D-二聚体水平及其临床意义。方法在77例肝硬化患者中,PVT形成患者31例,无血栓形成患者46例,依据螺旋cT检查诊断PVT,采用乳胶凝集法检测血浆D-二聚体水平。结果血栓组和无血栓组患者血浆D-二聚体水平分别为1．2±0．5mg/l和0．6±0．4mg／l（P〈0．01）;血栓组伴中重度食管静脉曲张患者血浆D-二聚体水平（1-3±O．5m鲫）显著高于轻度食管静脉曲张患者（0．9±0．5mg/l,P〈0．05）;血栓形成伴消化道出血和死亡患者血浆D-二聚体水平显著高于无出血和生存患者（P〈0．01）。结论肝硬化患者血浆D-二聚体水平升高可能与PVT形成有关,并严重影响预后。     

肝硬化门静脉血栓形成的临床分析

目的　探讨肝硬化 (LC)门静脉血栓 (PVT)形成对LC病程发展的影响。方法　检索我院自 1 995至 2 0 0 2年肝硬化PVT形成患者 ,血栓诊断依据彩色多普勒和 (或 )CT。 4 8例肝硬化PVT形成患者入选血栓组 ;同阶段LC门脉高压症的非血栓病例中选择 5 2例作为对照组。对两组患者的肝功能Child Pugh分级、凝血功能、门静脉、脾静脉宽度及脾脏面积、厚度进行比较。行t检验 ,χ2 检验 ,Logistic回归分析。结果　肝硬化PVT形成除继发于脾切除等手术后 ,75 .0 %隐匿发病 ,85 .4 %的血栓发生于门静脉主干 ,脾脏增大与门静脉增宽是PVT形成的危险因素 (P =0 .0 0 3、0 .0 1 0 )。血栓组门静脉及脾静脉宽度分别为 (1 .4 8± 0 .2 6 )cm ,(1 .2 3± 0 .38)cm ,与对照组比较差异有显著性 [(1 .37± 0 .2 2 )cm ,(1 .0 5± 0 .30 )cm ,P =0 .0 37,0 .0 31 ]。血栓组脾面积平均值为 (96 .6 4± 33.4 )cm2 ,脾厚径为 (6 .0 7± 1 .2 0 )cm ,分别大于对照组的 (80 .81± 2 8.9)cm2 ,(5 .2 3± 1 .0 8)cm(P =0 .0 36 ,0 .0 0 1 )。血栓组食管胃底静脉曲张程度重于非血栓组 ,大出血、大量腹水比例高 (P <0 .0 5 )。血栓形成后 1年内死亡率为1 6 .6 % ,较非血栓组增高 (P =0 .0 2 3)。两组肝功能Child Pugh分级、凝血功能、血小板计     

门静脉血栓形成对肝硬化病程发展影响

目的探讨门静脉血栓（PVT）形成对肝硬化病程的影响。方法回顾我院2003年～2011年肝硬化伴PVT形成的患者资料。18例肝硬化伴PVT形成患者人选血栓组;随机选择同阶段肝硬化门静脉高压症的无门静脉血栓形成患者19例作为对照组,比较两组患者的门静脉宽度、脾脏厚度、食管胃底静脉曲张、腹水及上消化道大出血发生等情况。结果血栓组的门静脉宽度及脾脏厚度大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。血栓组食管胃底重度静脉曲张、上消化道大出血和大量腹水比例两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论脾肿大和门静脉增宽是PVT形成的主要危险因素,PVT形成加重门静脉高压的程度,从而增加上消化道出血几率,使腹水难以消退,增加相关并发症发生率并使相关症状加重,预防门静脉血栓形成有助于延缓肝硬化病情发展。     

肝硬化合并门静脉血栓致门静脉高压症治疗现状

肝硬化合并门静脉血栓(PVT)并不少见,PVT会进一步加重门静脉高压症,此时针对PVT的治疗可改善肝硬化患者的预后。目前的治疗方式包括抗凝治疗及经颈静脉肝内门体支架分流术(TIPS)。本文就此类患者的治疗现状作一综述。     

Machine learning predicts portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with portal hypertension: Comparative analysis of three practical models

BACKGROUNDFor patients with portal hypertension (PH), portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a fatal complication after splenectomy. Postoperative platelet elevation is considered the foremost reason for PVT. However, the value of postoperative platelet elevation rate (PPER) in predicting PVT has never been studied.AIMTo investigate the predictive value of PPER for PVT and establish PPER-based prediction models to early identify individuals at high risk of PVT after splenectomy.METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed 483 patients with PH related to hepatitis B virus who underwent splenectomy between July 2011 and September 2018, and they were randomized into either a training (n = 338) or a validation (n = 145) cohort. The generalized linear (GL) method, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and random forest (RF) were used to construct models. The receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC) were used to evaluate the robustness and clinical practicability of the GL model (GLM), LASSO model (LSM), and RF model (RFM).RESULTSMultivariate analysis exhibited that the first and third days for PPER (PPER1, PPER3) were strongly associated with PVT [odds ratio (OR): 1.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.24-2.62, P = 0.002; OR: 1.43, 95%CI: 1.16-1.77, P < 0.001, respectively]. The areas under the ROC curves of the GLM, LSM, and RFM in the training cohort were 0.83 (95%CI: 0.79-0.88), 0.84 (95%CI: 0.79-0.88), and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.79-0.88), respectively; and were 0.77 (95%CI: 0.69-0.85), 0.83 (95%CI: 0.76-0.90), and 0.78 (95%CI: 0.70-0.85) in the validation cohort, respectively. The calibration curves showed satisfactory agreement between prediction by models and actual observation. DCA and CIC indicated that all models conferred high clinical net benefits.CONCLUSIONPPER1 and PPER3 are effective indicators for postoperative prediction of PVT. We have successfully developed PPER-based practical models to accurately predict PVT, which would conveniently help clinicians rapidly differentiate individuals at high risk of PVT, and thus guide the adoption of timely interventions.     

肝硬化脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成的研究进展

门静脉血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)是指发生于门静脉系统的任何一段,包括门静脉主干、肠系膜上静脉、肠系膜下静脉或脾静脉的血栓。目前,PVT是肝硬化患者脾切除联合断流术后最常见、最严重的并发症,可导致入肝血流异常、门静脉高压症加重,进一步诱发肝功能衰竭,甚至死亡。可见,全面认识PVT有利于早期术前评估风险和监测PVT的发生。该文将对肝硬化脾切除术后PVT形成的研究进展作一综述。     

Protein C and D-dimer are related to portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis

Background and Aim: To profile changes of coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrolytic factors associated with liver function failure and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) formation in chronic liver cirrhosis patients. Methods: A total of 116 cirrhotic patients admitted to our hospital from June 2006 to October 2008 were included in our study. All patients were classified into two groups: PVT group (31 patients), composed of patients with PVT and a control group (85 patients), including patients without PVT. Platelet, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) and fibrinogen were measured. Also, plasma samples from the patients were analyzed for the levels of antithrombin III (AT‐III), protein C (PC), protein S (PS), D‐dimer, tissue‐type plasminogen activator as well as plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1. Statistical analyses were carried out to evaluate the correlation of specific variations with the disease status. Results: In general, the higher Child‐Pugh scores, indicating the aggravation of hepatic impairment of the patients, correlated well with the prolonged PT/APTT and increased D‐dimer, as well as decreased platelet, fibrinogen, PC and AT‐III levels in the serum. Furthermore, we found that the PC, PS and D‐dimer levels in PVT patients were 2.32 ± 0.72 mg/L, 17.14 ± 3.62 mg/L and 0.99 ± 0.36 mg/L, respectively, both representing a significant difference compared with those in the control group without PVT. Logistic regression model shows that the odds ratio value of one unit of increase of PC and D‐dimer were 0.48 and 15.57. Conclusions: Cirrhotic patients displayed dysfunctions in the coagulation, anti‐coagulation and fibrolytic systems. The development of PVT in these patients may be independently associated with the decrease of PC, PS and D‐dimer. Furthermore, decreasing PC and increasing D‐dimer may be risk factors inducing PVT in cirrhotic patients.     

肝硬化患者门静脉系统血栓形成29例分析

目的提高对肝硬化患者门静脉系统血栓（PVT）形成的认识及诊治水平。方法收集我院2007年3月至2009年8月收治的肝硬化合并PVT患者29例进行回顾性分析。结果肝硬化合并PVT临床表现多样且缺乏特异性;D-二聚体及血小板水平的升高或相对升高是肝硬化患者发生PVT的独立危险因素;PVT诊断主要依赖影像学检查;在患者条件允许的前提下,及时、合理地选择各种方法进行抗凝、溶栓是治疗的关键。结论提高对肝硬化合并PVT的认识,及时诊断、合理选择治疗方案是决定本病预后的关键。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化门脉高压症行脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术后影响预后的因素分析

目的分析影响乙型肝炎肝硬化门脉高压症行脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术后预后的主要因素。方法2014年6月~2015年6月我科行脾切除联合门奇静脉断流术治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化门脉高压症患者74例,采用Cox回归分析影响术后预后的因素。结果术后随访3年,生存患者60例（81.1%）,死亡患者14例（18.9%）;单因素分析结果显示,死亡患者年龄≥50岁、合并疾病基础、CTP评分>10分、术前存在食管静脉曲张史、术中出血量>600 mL、术中输血量>500 ml、急诊手术、术后发生并发症、术后肝炎活动、治疗依从性差等显著高于生存患者（P<0.05）;多因素分析结果显示,患者术后发生并发症、合并基础疾病、肝硬化分级差、术后肝炎活动和患者对治疗依从性差等均为影响患者术后预后的危险因素（P<0.05）。结论影响乙型肝炎肝硬化门脉高压症患者术后预后的因素较多,应针对性地做好防治工作,提高患者生存率。     

Portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis简

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is considered to be a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis. However, unlike PVT in patients without cirrhosis, very few data are available on the natural history and management of PVT in cirrhosis, despite its association with potentially life-threatening conditions, such as gastroesophageal bleeding and acute intestinal ischemia. Moreover, no consensus regarding PVT in cirrhosis exists. Suggested causes of PVT in cirrhosis include reduced portal blood flow velocity, multiple congenital or acquired thrombophilic factors, inherited or acquired conditions, and derangement of liver architecture. However, the understanding of PVT in cirrhosis is incomplete. In addition, information on the management of PVT in cirrhosis is inadequate. The aims of this review are to: (1) assemble data on the physiopathological mechanism, clinical findings, diagnosis and management of PVT in cirrhosis; (2) describe the principal factors most frequently involved in PVT development; and (3) summarize the recent knowledge concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.     

Portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis

Portal vein thrombosis(PVT) is considered to be a frequent complication of liver cirrhosis. However, unlike PVT in patients without cirrhosis, very few data are available on the natural history and management of PVT in cirrhosis, despite its association with potentially life-threatening conditions, such as gastroesophageal bleeding and acute intestinal ischemia. Moreover, no consensus regarding PVT in cirrhosis exists. Suggested causes of PVT in cirrhosis include reduced portal blood flow velocity, multiple congenital or acquired thrombophilic factors, inherited or acquired conditions, and derangement of liver architecture. However, the understanding of PVT in cirrhosis is incomplete. In addition, information on the management of PVT in cirrhosis is inadequate. The aims of this review are to:(1) assemble data on the physiopathological mechanism, clinical findings, diagnosis and management of PVT in cirrhosis;(2) describe the principal factors most frequently involved in PVT development; and(3) summarize the recent knowledge concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.     

肝硬化并发门静脉血栓临床表现和诊断进展

正门静脉血栓形成(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)是晚期肝硬化的常见并发症之一~([1])。近年来,文献报道PVT在肝硬化患者的患病率为0.6%～26.0%~([2,3])。PVT的临床表现差异很大,可无症状,也可表现为致命性并发症,如静脉曲张破裂出血、肠梗死等。随着影像学技术的不断提高,越来越多不同程度的PVT被诊断出来~([4～6])。1肝硬化并发PVT的临床特点1.1急性PVT PVT的临床表现取决于血栓形成的     

乙肝肝硬化患者门静脉宽度与门静脉血栓形成的关系

背景门静脉血栓(portal vein thrombosis,PVT)的早期诊断仍是临床上一个难题,急需要发现可早期预测诊断的无创指标.目的探讨门静脉宽度与PVT形成之间的关系.方法收集418例乙肝肝硬化患者.根据是否发生PVT分为PVT组(n=66)和非PVT组(n=352)组.比较两组患者的一般资料差异,使用多因素Logistic回顾分析影响PVT发生的危险因素.通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估不同危险因素预测PVT的效能.结果与非PVT组患者相比,PVT组患者的Child-Pugh评分更高、Child-Pugh A级比例更低、血小板水平更高、D-二聚体水平更高、门静脉宽度更宽、门静脉血流更慢,上述差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.05).Logistic回归显示门静脉宽度(OR=3.941,P=0.001)、门静脉血流(OR=0.841,P=0.007)、血小板水平(OR=1.024,P=0.008)和D-二聚体水平(OR=2.383,P=0.000)是肝硬化患者发生PVT的独立危险因素.门静脉宽度诊断PVT的ROC曲线下面积最大为0.874,最佳诊断值为>12.5 mm,此时的预测敏感性和特异性分别为78%和82%.结论门静脉直径增加是肝硬化患者PVT发生的危险因素,对PVT诊断具有一定价值.     

Portal vein thrombosis in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis complicated with antiphospholipid syndrome

We report a rare case of portal vein thrombosis (PVT) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. A 59-year-old woman with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection was admitted because of coma. The blood test showed a typically cirrhosis pattern including an elevated serum ammonia level. Abdominal computed tomography showed liver cirrhosis and thrombus in the right branch of the portal vein. To elucidate the cause of PVT, antiphospholipid antibodies were examined. Both IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody (ELISA) and IgG anti-cardiolipin-β2 -glycoprotein I complex antibody (ELISA) were positive. When PVT is detected in a patient with cirrhosis, it might be necessary to examine antiphospholipid antibodies to clarify the cause of PVT.     

门静脉高压症脾切除术后患者血浆内皮素变化与门静脉血栓形成的关系

为探讨门静脉高压症患者脾切除术后血浆内皮素 (ET)水平变化及其临床意义 ,采用放免法测定了30例肝硬变门静脉高压症行脾切除术患者 (观察组 )术前及术后 1周血浆 ET水平 ,并设对照组比较。结果显示 ,观察组术前血浆 ET水平 (6 7.2 4± 2 4 .6 3pg/ml)明显高于对照组 (33.2 1± 11.0 5 pg/ml) ,P<0 .0 0 1;术后 1周明显下降 (37.2 4± 14 .4 7pg/ml) ,P<0 .0 0 1,与对照组 (32 .4 8± 10 .6 2 pg/m l)比较无显著差异 ,P>0 .0 5。脾切除术后门静脉血栓形成者 ET水平 (5 7.90± 2 1.70 pg/m l)明显高于非血栓形成者 (33.15± 8.2 9pg/ml) ,P<0 .0 0 1。认为ET在肝硬变、门静脉高压症发生中起重要作用 ,ET增高与门静脉血栓形成有关。脾切除术后血浆 ET明显下降 ,对改善肝脏功能、降低门静脉压力具有重要意义     

脾切除联合食管胃底曲张静脉断流术后应用华法林对门静脉血栓的防治作用

目的 探讨脾切除联合食管胃底曲张静脉断流术后应用华法林对门静脉血栓的防治效果。方法 2010年4月~2015年9月收治的48例门静脉血栓（PVT）患者,在行脾切除联合食管胃底曲张静脉断流术后,对25例患者短期应用华法林治疗1个月,23例患者应用华法林6个月,常规行彩色多普勒超声检查判断门静脉血栓变化。随访比较两组门静脉血栓变化和预后情况。结果 随访2年,48例术前存在PVT患者在脾切除联合断流术后,PVT进展20例（41.7%）,其中长期应用华法林组6例（26.1%）,显著低于短期应用华法林组的14例（56.0%,P<0.05）;PVT显著进展11例（22.9%）,其中长期应用华法林组2例（8.7%）,也显著低于短期应用华法林组的9例（36.0%,P<0.05）;短期应用华法林组PVT再通、再出血、肝癌和死亡发生率分别为0.0%、4.0%、8.0%和4.0%,与长期应用华法林组（分别为4.3%、4.3%、4.3%和0.0%）比,无显著性差异（P>0.05）。结论 在脾切除联合食管胃底曲张静脉断流术后应用华法林防治门静脉系统血栓安全、有效,可使患者获益。