霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断

目的探讨霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现特征并评价其诊断意义。方法12例经手术病理证实为霉菌性鼻窦炎患者均经鼻上颌部CT扫描,而后对所有患者的CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果CT扫描显示本组霉菌性鼻窦炎患者大多表现为一侧上颌窦混浊化,有的同时累及相邻其他鼻窦;鼻腔内见肿块状软组织密度影,密度不甚均匀,其内可见斑点状、结节状钙化;窦腔可见膨胀性增大,窦壁骨质吸收、破坏,亦可见窦壁骨质增厚,硬化。结论霉菌性鼻窦炎具有明显的CT特征,颇有助于该病的正确诊断。     

霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的：探讨CT检查对霉菌性鼻窦炎的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。方法：回顾分析资料完整的50例霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现。重点观察鼻窦病变的范围、密度以及窦壁的骨质改变。结果：①霉菌性鼻窦炎的病变范围多局限于单侧，以上颌窦多发，②窦腔软组织块影内散在斑点状，星芒状钙化，③霉菌性鼻窦炎受累鼻窦窦口多数明显扩大，邻近正常结构受压移位或消失，④受累鼻窦窦壁骨质增厚硬化，可见骨质吸收或破坏。结论：鼻窦窦腔软组织影内散在不规则钙化是霉菌性上颌窦炎的特征性表现，窦壁骨质增生、硬化在霉菌性鼻窦炎时多见，有骨质吸收破坏时应与上领窦癌等病变鉴别。CT检查的价值在于确定病变的范围及病变的程度，对鉴别诊断有帮助。     

霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT特征

目的探讨霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT特征。方法回顾分析20例经手术病理证实的霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现。结果单侧副鼻窦发病18例,双侧副鼻窦发病2例,全部病变均累及上颌窦,累及2个以上副鼻窦腔8例,病变侵犯后鼻孔2例。霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现主要为病变窦腔内充满软组织影,密度增高,不均匀,病灶内出现点状、条状钙化灶,窦腔骨壁增厚伴破坏,窦腔缩小。结论霉菌性副鼻窦炎的CT表现具有单侧发病为主,窦腔内点状、条状钙化灶,窦腔骨壁增厚伴破坏以及窦腔缩小等特征。CT可为诊断本病提供重要信息,但确诊需要组织学和细菌学检查。     

鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨鼻腔副鼻窦CT检查方法和肿瘤的形态、密度、窦壁骨质破坏、周围脂肪层侵犯、窦腔外软组织肿块等征象在鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤中的诊断作用.材料与方法逐项对比观察分析经病理证实的鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤32例和良性肿物139例的CT表现.结果CT冠状位扫描显示15例恶性肿瘤破坏25个窦腔骨壁,20例腔外软组织肿块累及23个相邻部位.轴位扫描发现骨壁受累12例,有20个侧壁骨质显示破坏,15个腔外肿块累及18个相邻结构.恶性组和良性组突出于窦腔外的软组织肿块分别为71.9%和5.0%、窦壁骨质侵蚀性破坏59.4%和14.4%、窦腔周围脂肪层的侵犯消失56.3%和13.7%,而软组织肿块形态不规则和密度不均匀,两组间无显著差异.结论鼻腔副鼻窦腔外软组织肿块、侵蚀性骨质破坏和窦壁周围脂肪层的侵犯消失,是诊断鼻腔副鼻窦恶性肿瘤的可靠征象.冠状扫描观察解剖内容和病变侵犯范围优于轴位扫描.     

变应性真菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断

目的 探讨变应性真菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析12例经术后组织病理证实的变应性真菌性鼻窦炎，均经过CT检查。主要临床表现包括奶酪状黏涕、鼻阻塞感及鼻区痛。鼻内镜检查：12例受累侧鼻腔内均可见息肉、黏膜水肿，鼻窦腔内均见真菌分泌物。结果 变应性真菌性鼻窦炎累及半组鼻窦3例，累及全组鼻窦9例。CT平扫12例表现为鼻窦黏膜增厚；窦腔内充满软组织影，伴有不规则条状、匍行性或斑片状高密度影(软组织窗)，边界清楚，也可伴有云雾状高密度影(骨窗)，边界模糊；CT值80～110HU，平均92．5HU。11例鼻窦膨胀，窦壁骨质变形、变薄10例，8例窦壁骨质侵蚀。8例病变延伸到邻近结构，其中4例累及眼眶，2例累及颅内，2例同时累及眼眶和颅内。结论 半组或全组鼻窦充满软组织影，伴有多发典型的高密度影是诊断本病的特征性CT征象，根据此征象可能首先提出本病的诊断。CT不但可以准确显示病变累及的范围，也能够帮助与其他病变进行鉴别。     

非侵袭性霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现

目的 探讨非侵袭性霉菌性鼻窦炎在CT扫描表现特征和诊断价值.方法 将自2000-01-2006-07就诊我科的非侵袭性霉菌性鼻窦炎患者66例(70侧,均术后证实),仔细阅CT片,总结特点及变化.结果 非侵袭性霉菌性鼻窦炎主要CT表现为单侧或双侧多个鼻窦窦腔内充填软组织密度影,以单侧多见,病变密度不均匀,其内可见呈斑点状或团块状、条带状高密度钙化影.部分病例可伴有鼻窦骨质吸收破坏.结论 病变内钙化影的出现是本病的主要CT表现,是诊断该病较为可靠的依据.     

CT诊断鼻腔付鼻窦恶性肿瘤（附161例分析）

目的：探讨鼻腔付鼻窦恶性肿瘤的形态、密度、窦壁骨质、周围脂肪层、窦腔外软组织肿块在恶性肿瘤中的诊断作用。材料和方法：对经病理证实的22例恶性组和139例良性组的CT表现，逐项对比观察分析，统计学处理。结果：突出于窦腔外的软组织肿块（16／22），窦壁骨质侵蚀性破坏（13／22）、窦腔周围脂肪层的侵犯消失（11／22）有显著意义。而形态不规则的软组织肿块和不均匀的软组织密度在定性诊断中有一定意义。在窦壁骨质改变中正确区别是骨质吸收改建，还是侵蚀破坏是关键，扫描方法：冠状位优于轴位，二者结合更加全面准确。结论：鼻腔付鼻窦的腔外软组织肿块，侵蚀性骨质破坏与窦壁周围脂肪层的侵犯，是诊断鼻腔付鼻窦恶性肿瘤的可靠征象。CT扫描方法以冠状位为主。     

真菌性鼻窦炎的CT与临床诊断

目的：探讨真菌性鼻窦炎的CT和临床特征以及新的分类。资料与方法：回顾性分析经手术、病理证实的34例真菌性鼻窦炎患者的CT表现。结果：CT征象：（1）所有受累鼻窦均显示窦腔内密度增高影；（2）上颌窦内可见团块状或线样钙化影25例（73．5％）；（3）窦腔高密度湿浊影中有气泡影8例；（4）上颌窦骨质吸收、破坏5例，窦壁骨质膨胀或变薄3例。结论：真菌性鼻窦炎有特征性的CT表现，如窦腔内可见团块状高密度影、线样钙化影或气泡影等。CT扫描结合鼻内镜检查是诊断本病的重要手段。     

鼻部韦格纳肉芽肿的CT诊断

目的：探讨鼻部韦格纳肉芽肿的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析8例经活检或术后病理证实的鼻部韦格纳肉芽肿，均经过CT检查，主要临床表现包括慢性鼻窦炎症状、鼻粘膜干燥结痂和鼻出血。结果：3例韦格纳肉芽肿局限于鼻部，其余5例为全身性韦格纳肉芽肿。CT表现：①鼻窦炎表现。②鼻腔内充以软组织影，鼻甲、鼻中隔破坏。③早期上颌窦内壁破坏，晚期鼻窦骨质增生、硬化，窦壁增厚，出现“双线”征。④2例随访观察鼻甲、鼻中隔破坏较前明显，4例鼻甲、鼻中隔改变未见加重，6例上颌窦壁骨质明显增厚，出现不规则“双线”征。窦腔变小。结论：鼻甲、鼻中隔破坏。鼻腔充以软组织影，鼻窦壁“双线”征是诊断本病有价值的征象；CT可准确显示鼻部韦格纳肉芽肿侵及范围；也能够帮助与其他病变进行鉴别。     

霉菌性上颌窦炎CT表现特征及误诊分析

目的探讨霉菌性上颌窦炎CT特征及误诊原因。方法分析26例霉菌性上颌窦炎患者CT和临床资料,总结CT特征,结合临床,分析误诊原因。结果霉菌性上颌窦炎CT多单侧受累（23例）。受累窦腔内不均匀密度增高影及其内斑点、团块及条状钙化（21例）,分布在中间15例,散在4例,边缘2例。窦壁增厚7例,窦壁骨质吸收4例。5例均误诊为一般上颌窦炎。结论与窦壁无关的腔内钙化是CT诊断较可靠特征。无钙化的霉菌性上颌窦炎应注意鉴别诊断,充分考虑临床和基础病。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.