喹硫平、利培酮治疗精神分裂症的1年随访

目的 比较喹硫平与利培酮长期治疗首发精神分裂症患者的疗效及不良反应.方法 研究纳入符合国际疾病分类第十次修订本(ICD-10)精神分裂症或分裂样精神障碍研究用诊断标准的首次发病患者262例,喹硫平组和利培酮组各131例,开放性治疗12个月.疗效评估:以两药的停药率、持续治疗时间为丰要指标,阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)减分及减分率为次要指标,PANSS总分减分率≥50%为显效,25%～50%为有效,＜25%为无效.以副反应量表(TESS)、锥体外系副反应量表(RSESE)、不自主运动量表(AIMS)评估不良反应.结果 ①停药率:喹硫平组33.6%,利培酮组35.2%;持续治疗时间:喹硫平组为(9.49±3.83)个月,利培酮组为(9.52±3.84)个月;复发时间:喹硫平组(3.29±2.34)个月,利培酮组(5.11±2.77)个月;两药的停药率、持续治疗时间、复发时间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).②治疗第2、6、12个月末时,喹硫平组治疗有效率分别为78.6%(103/131)、86.2%(113/131)、89.3%(117/131),利培酮组有效率为82.4%(108/131)、87.7%(115/131)、85.5%(112/131),二者的总体疗效相当(P＞0.05).③不良反应:利培酮引起的锥体外系不良反应如静坐不能、肌强直、震颤较喹硫平高(X2=14.94,P＜0.05),喹硫平组的头晕和晕厥发生率高丁利培酬组(X2=10.08,P＜0.05).结论 喹硫平和利培酮对首发精神分裂症急性期和长期治疗疗效肯定,两药疗效相当,两药不良反应各有特点但均可耐受.     

喹硫平与利培酮对血清催乳素影响的研究

目的了解喹硫平与利培酮对精神分裂症患者的疗效及对血清催乳素的影响。方法对71例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的精神分裂症患者随机分为喹硫平治疗组（33例）与利培酮治疗组（38例）,观察12周,分别于治疗前及治疗后4周、8周、12周予以阳性症状与阴性症状量表（PANSS）,副反应量表（TESS）及血清催乳素测定。结果喹硫平组和利培酮组疗效差异无显著性,两组治疗后4周、8周及12周PANSS总分及各因子分显著下降（P〈0.01）,利培酮组的不良反应高于喹硫平组,主要表现在肌强直、震颤、泌乳（χ^2=5.69,P〈0.01）及闭经（χ^2=6.74,P〈0.01）等不良反应上,利培酮组治疗后4周、8周及12周血清催乳素明显增加（t=13.48,P〈0.01）,而喹硫平组治疗前后无差异。结论喹硫平与利培酮对精神分裂症均有效,但利培酮不良反应大,明显升高血清催乳素,且有较高高血清催乳素不良反应,而喹硫平对血清催乳素影响较少。     

喹硫平与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症的对照研究

目的 探讨国产喹硫平治疗老年精神分裂症的疗效和安全性.方法 将64例符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)的老年精神分裂症患者,随机分成两组,分别给予喹硫平(治疗组,32例)和利培酮(对照组,32例)治疗,疗程8周.采用阳性与阴性综合征量表(PANSS)及副反应量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应.结果 喹硫平组显效率65.6%,有效率84.4%,利培酮组分别为68.8%、87.5%.两组间显效率(χ2=0.07,P>0.05)及有效率(χ2=0.13,P>0.05)的差异均无统计学意义.两组治疗后各时点PANSS总分、阳性症状、阴性症状及一般病理症状各项分值均低于治疗前,而治疗后各时点组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).喹硫平组的锥体外系反应和体重增加的发生率分别为6.3%和3.1%,低于利培酮组(分别为25.0 %和18.8 %),两组差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.27,P<0.05; χ2=4.07,P<0.05).结论 国产喹硫平治疗老年精神分裂症疗效确切,不良反应少,有利于老年患者对治疗的依从性,对老年精神分裂症患者较为适用.     

喹硫平与利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症对照研究

目的探讨喹硫平对老年首发精神分裂症的临床疗效及安全性。方法6例首发老年精神分裂症患者随机分成两组,分别给与喹硫平与利培酮治疗8周,用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）和副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果两组疗效相当（P〉0．05）,喹硫平不良反应显著少于利培酮（P〈0．05）。结论喹硫平对老年精神分裂症安全有效。     

利培酮或喹硫平治疗女性首发精神分裂症患者12个月中血清催乳素及体重变化的随机对照研究(英文)

背景:血清催乳素升高和体重增加是非典型抗精神病药物常见的副作用,但很少有研究评估这些副作用的长期情况。目标:比较利培酮或喹硫平治疗女性首发精神分裂症患者12个月后对血清催乳素及体重变化的影响。方法:80例女性首发精神分裂症住院患者被随机分配接受利培酮(N=40)或喹硫平(N=40)为期12个月的治疗。在开始治疗前一天和开始治疗后第1,3,6,9和12个月分别进行催乳素浓度,体重和身高的测定。在每一个时间段同时采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估症状的严重程度。结果:利培酮组31例患者和喹硫平组33例患者完成12个月的治疗。两组PANSS评分在每次后续的评估中都有所下降;利培酮组在治疗3个月和6个月时的改善显著,但在治疗第9个月两组的水平改善相似。喹硫平组血清催乳素在12个月内保持稳定,但利培酮组的血清催乳素水平在一年的随访中升高3.5至5.2倍。两组均出现体重增加,特别是在治疗的头3个月:两组的体重指数在治疗3个月时增加了62%。体重变化组间没有显著差异。体重变化和催乳激素水平变化之间的相关性呈弱阳性:利培酮组rs=0.17(p=0.104),喹硫平组r=0.07(p=0.862)。结论:虽然利培酮更迅速有效,但利培酮和喹硫平在治疗首发精神分裂症的第一年有相似的疗效。慢性高泌乳素血症与利培酮使用有关,但喹硫平没有。长期服用这两种药物与体重持续增加有关;两种药物在体重增加的时间性和幅度上相似。体重增加和催乳素水平变化不是密切相关的。     

非典型抗精神病药对男性精神分裂症患者性功能影响的初步分析

目的 探讨喹硫平、利培酮、奥氮平及氯氮平对男性精神分裂症患者性功能影响的差异.方法 将门诊就诊的男性精神分裂症患者145例,分为喹硫平组 30 例、利培酮组 47 例、奥氮平组 31 例及氯氮平组 37 例.检测各组患者血清泌乳素水平.使用简明男性性功能量表、阳性与阴性综合征量表(PANSS)评估性功能及精神症状,用副反应量表(TESS)评估药物治疗的不良反应.共观察8周.结果 治疗第 8 周末,利培酮组的性功能量表总分及因子分均较治疗前降低,奥氮平组的性唤起因子及性功能因子得分有所下降,氯氮平组的性满意度因子及性功能因子得分有所下降.喹硫平组得分无明显变化.利培酮组和奥氮平组治疗第 8 周末的血清泌乳素水平高于基线水平[利培酮组:(12±5)ng/ml,(20±6)ng/ml,t=13.92,P＜0.01;奥氮平组:(13±6)ng/ml,(18±5)ng/ml,t=8.27,P＜0.01],喹硫平组和氯氮平组无明显变化.影响男性精神分裂症患者性功能的因素有泌乳素、年龄及TESS分.结论 常见非典型抗精神病药物对男性精神分裂症患者的性功能影响有所不同.     

奥氮平和喹硫平对慢性精神分裂症患者认知功能的疗效研究

目的了解奥氮平和喹硫平对慢性精神分裂症患者认知功能的改善情况,并比较二者对患者认知功能的改善程度是否具有差异性。方法87例经典抗精神病药物治疗疗效不显著或不能耐受不良反应的慢性精神分裂症患者随机分配替换为奥氮平及喹硫平治疗,分别在入组前、12周和6个月时进行精神症状的评定,包括PANSS、CGI、HAMD-17量表,以及认知功能的测定,包括言语学习、记忆、注意、执行功能、精神运动。结果78例患者完成12周的治疗（奥氮平=38,喹硫平=40）,65例临床稳定的患者（PANSS量表≤60分或PANSS减分率≥50％）完成6个月的治疗（奥氮平=32,喹硫平=33）。与基线比较,这些患者的精神症状在换药治疗6个月时均得到显著改善,认知功能在12周和6个月时也都得到显著改善。认知功能总体的改善在12周时最显著,6个月时的改善程度与12周时相当。具体分析单个认知功能的改善时发现12周时喹硫平组在言语流畅性、言语记忆、CPT反应时间方面较奥氮平组有显著性差异,而6个月时两者之间无显著差异。患者认知功能的改善和精神症状的改善之间的相关性较小。结论奥氮平和喹硫平均可改善慢性精神分裂症的认知功能,且两者改善的总体程度相当,但在具体的单个认知层面上稍有差异。     

阿立哌唑和喹硫平治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的比较阿立哌唑与喹硫平治疗精神分裂症的疗效及不良反应。方法将60例精神分裂症患者随机分为阿立哌唑组与喹硫平组,每组各30例;阿立哌唑剂量为15～30mg／d,喹硫平为400～800mg／d;治疗时间均为8周;采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效,不良反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果阿立哌唑组有效率为83．3％,喹硫平组有效率为80．0％,两组疗效比较差异无统计学意义;阿立哌唑组不良反应少于喹硫平组。结论阿立哌唑治疗精神分裂症的疗效与喹硫平相当,不良反应相对轻,较少引起体重增加和内分泌紊乱。     

喹硫平、阿立哌唑治疗急性期精神分裂症患者疗效观察

目的了解新型抗精神病药物喹硫平、阿立哌唑治疗急性期精神分裂症患者的疗效。方法将符合ICD-10诊断标准的精神分裂症患者68例按入院的先后顺序予以喹硫平和阿立哌唑治疗,两组各入组34例,用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、简明精神病评定量表（BPRS）评定精神症状。用副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果共完成57例,两组在治疗4周、治疗8周时PANSS总分及其各因子分、BPRS分已明显降低（P=0．000）,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。喹硫平组的主要不良反应为体重增加10例,嗜睡3例;阿立哌唑组为失眠15例,静坐不能5例。结论喹硫平和阿立哌唑均能改善急性期精神分裂症患者阳性、阴性症状和情感症状及认知缺损,两者疗效相当,两药的主要不良反应有所不同。     

奎硫平与奥氮平对精神分裂症患者生活质量影响的对照研究

目的比较奎硫平与奥氮平对精神分裂症患者的疗效及生活质量的影响。方法对60例精神分裂症患者，随机分为奎硫平组（30例）与奥氮平组（30例）治疗，疗程12周。分别于治疗前、4周、8周、12周末，采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效，治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应，于治疗前和12周末采用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）评定生活质量。结果两组均有显著疗效，奎硫平组与奥氮平组均可显著提高生活质量。两组间比较无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。奎硫平组主要不良反应为嗜睡，但两组间比较无显著差异；奥氮平组主要不良反应为体重增加、血糖升高，两组有统计学意义。结论奎硫平与奥氮平对精神分裂症疗效好，不良反应较少，均可提高患者生活质量。     

利培酮与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的1年随访研究

目的评价利培酮与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症的疗效与不良反应。方法本研究为开放性，平行对照，药物剂量可调整的临床试验。采用自然观察研究方法，结合全病程管理模式对研究对象进行1年随访研究。分别有131例和136例首发精神分裂症患者被分入利培酮组和奥氮平组。利培酮组剂量为3—6mg，平均（3．8±1．3）mg，奥氮平组剂量为10—20mg，平均（12．9±5．6）mg。疗效主要统计指标为阳性和阴性症状评定量表（PANSS）的总分值及有效率，持续治疗时间。PANSS减分率≥50％定义为有效。次要统计指标为复发率、复发时间及药物不良反应。用副反应量表（TESS）评估药物不良反应。结果12月末时，利培酮组有85例患者（64．9％）完成随访，奥氮平组为93例（68．4％），两组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗终点利醅酮和奥氮平组有效率分别为62．6％和69．8％，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），随访中其他时点（2、3、6、8个月）两组有效率差异亦无统计学意义。12个月末利培酮组和奥氮平组的复发率（14．5％、12．5％）、持续治疗时间（9．5±3．8月、9．7±3．8月）、复发时间（4．0±2．9月、5．1±2．8月）等差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。不良反应方面，利培酮组锥体外系反应比例高于奥氮平组，奥氮平组体重增加比例高于利培酮组。结论利培酮与奥氮平治疗首发精神分裂症1年疗效均好，利培酮组锥体外系反应发生较多，奥氮平组体重增加较多。     

抗精神病药对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响

目的：比较非经典抗精神病药奎硫平、奥氮平、氯氮平与经典抗精神病药氯丙嗪对精神分裂症患者认知功能的影响。方法：对160例住院精神分裂症患者随机开放分配接受奎硫平、奥氮平、氯氮平和氯丙嗪药物治疗。12周的急性期治疗后,获得临床稳定期的患者[阳性与阴性量表（PANSS）总分≤60或减分率／〉50％]进入固定剂量的24周治疗。分别在基线、治疗12周和24周进行威斯康星卡片分类测验（WCST）、言语流畅性测验、霍普金斯词语学习测验（HVLT-R）、持续操作功能测验（CPT）、韦克斯勒记忆测定（WMS）、韦克斯勒智能测定（WAIS）、连线试验测定、手指叩击试验测定。结果：奎硫平组、奥氮平组、氯氮平组治疗12周和24周后认知功能均有不同程度的改善（P均〈0．05）,明显优于氯丙嗪,而氯丙嗪组无显著改善。治疗12周后奎硫平组在改善执行功能、言语流畅性和警觉性显著优于奥氮平组和氯氮平组（P〈0．05）。奥氮平组在数字特征和连线测定上明显优于氯氮平组（P〈0．05）。3种非经典抗精神病药在认知功能总分的改善与PANSS总分、阴性症状分的改善有显著相关性（r=-0．32,P〈0．05）。结论：3种非经典抗精神病药奎硫平、奥氮平、氯氮平可不同程度改善精神分裂症患者的认知功能。     

Serum leptin and triglyceride levels in patients on treatment with atypical antipsychotics

BACKGROUND: Weight gain is a common adverse effect associated with the use of most antipsychotic drugs. Leptin has been reported to be associated with antipsychotic-induced weight gain. Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine and serum leptin levels. We planned to comparatively investigate the effects of the atypical antipsychotics quetiapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and clozapine on leptin and triglyceride levels and weight gain. METHOD: The study population comprised 56 patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia, who were divided into 4 treatment groups: quetiapine (N = 14), olanzapine (N = 14), risperidone (N = 14), or clozapine (N = 14) monotherapy, and a control group of 11 patients receiving no psychopharmacologic treatment. The patients were evaluated at baseline and at the sixth week according to the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), body mass index (BMI), weight, and fasting serum leptin and triglyceride levels. Data were gathered in 2001 and 2002. RESULTS: Olanzapine and clozapine caused a marked increase in weight and serum triglyceride and leptin levels, though increases in these variables were modest in the patients receiving quetiapine and minimal in those receiving risperidone. There were positive correlations between serum leptin levels and BMI and triglyceride levels. Clinical efficacy, as indicated by decrease in total PANSS scores, was associated with leptin levels in all atypical antipsychotic groups. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that leptin may be associated with olanzapine- and clozapine-induced weight gain and that quetiapine appears to have modest influence and risperidone appears to have minimal influence on leptin and triglyceride levels and weight gain compared with olanzapine and clozapine.     

奎硫平对老年精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：观察奎硫平、利培酮对老年精神分裂症患者生活质量及社会功能的影响。方法：将64例老年精神分裂症患者随机分为奎硫平治疗组和利培酮治疗组,疗程6个月。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）评定疗效,生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）评定生活质量,社会功能缺陷量表（SDSS）评定社会功能缺陷和治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评价不良反应。结果：治疗后两组PANSS评分有明显下降（P〈0.01）,两组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。奎硫平组GQOLI评分和SDSS某些因子评分较利培酮组显著为好（P〈0.01）;不良反应明显少于利培酮组（P〈0.01）。结论：奎硫平较利培酮治疗老年精神分裂症患者疗效相仿,但更能提高生活质量及社会功能。     

A randomized, flexible-dose, quasi-naturalistic comparison of quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in the short-term treatment of schizophrenia: the QUERISOLA trial

This was a randomized, flexible-dose, rater-blind, parallel-group, quasi-naturalistic trial comparing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in patients with schizophrenia hospitalized for severe psychotic symptoms. Seventy-five patients were randomized to quetiapine (n=25), risperidone (n=25), or olanzapine (n=25). Mean doses at Week 8 were: 590.0 mg/day quetiapine; 5.1 mg/day risperidone; 15.1 mg/day olanzapine. Four quetiapine, five risperidone, and five olanzapine patients discontinued prior to Week 8. There were no significant differences between groups in the primary efficacy measures of improvement from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score at Week 8 in the per protocol (PP) population and the number of completers who experienced >or=40% improvement on the same scale. PP and intent-to-treat analyses showed significant improvement from baseline in each component of a PANSS-derived battery, without significant differences between treatments. No quetiapine patients, one risperidone, and four olanzapine patients reported an adverse event (AE) of moderate intensity; no severe AEs were reported. A linear mixed model for repeated measures showed an effect of treatment on body weight, with significant differences favoring quetiapine over risperidone and olanzapine. Simpson-Angus Scale scores were significantly worse with risperidone compared with both olanzapine and quetiapine at Week 3 and compared with quetiapine thereafter. Use of concomitant medications for anxiety or tension was significantly less frequent with quetiapine. In conclusion, quetiapine, risperidone, and olanzapine have similar efficacy in schizophrenia, but there are drug-specific differences for some AEs and in the use of concomitant medication that differentiate these agents.     

Efficacy and tolerability of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in the treatment of early psychosis: a randomized, double-blind 52-week comparison

OBJECTIVE: This 52-week randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose, multicenter study evaluated the overall effectiveness (as measured by treatment discontinuation rates) of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients early in the course of psychotic illness. METHOD: Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with olanzapine (2.5-20 mg/day), quetiapine (100-800 mg/day), or risperidone (0.5-4 mg/day) administered in twice-daily doses. Statistical analyses tested for noninferiority in all-cause treatment discontinuation rates up to 52 weeks (primary outcome measure) based on a prespecified noninferiority margin of 20%. RESULTS: A total of 400 patients were randomly assigned to treatment with olanzapine (N=133), quetiapine (N=134), or risperidone (N=133). The mean modal prescribed daily doses were 11.7 mg for olanzapine, 506 mg for quetiapine, and 2.4 mg for risperidone. At week 52, all-cause treatment discontinuation rates were 68.4%, 70.9%, and 71.4% for olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone, respectively. Reductions in total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were similar for the three treatment groups, but reductions in PANSS positive subscale scores were greater in the olanzapine group (at 12 weeks and at 52 weeks or withdrawal from study) and the risperidone group (at 12 weeks). The most common elicited adverse events for olanzapine were drowsiness (53%), weight gain (51%), and insomnia (38%); for quetiapine, drowsiness (58%), increased sleep hours (42%), and weight gain (40%); and for risperidone, drowsiness (50%), menstrual irregularities in women (47%), and weight gain (41%). CONCLUSIONS: Olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone demonstrated comparable effectiveness in early-psychosis patients, as indicated by similar rates of all-cause treatment discontinuation.     

齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症随机双盲对照研究

目的：评价齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法：160例首次发作精神分裂症患者随机分为齐拉西酮组和利培酮组各80例。分别给予齐拉西酮和利培酮治疗,进行为期6周的双盲对照研究。采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、临床疗效总评量表（CGI）、治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评价疗效和安全性。结果：两组PANSS评分在治疗后的各个周期均较治疗前显著降低（P均〈0.01）;PANSS减分率齐拉西酮组平均（65.3±21.1）%,利培酮组平均（67.0±19.3）%;两组疗效差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。两组不良反应发生率相当（P〉0.05）。结论：齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性与利培酮相当。     

Olanzapine vs risperidone in the management of schizophrenia: a randomized double-blind trial in Australia and New Zealand

Improved drug therapy for schizophrenia may represent the best strategy for reducing the costs of schizophrenia and the recurrent chronic course of the disease. Olanzapine and risperidone are atypical antipsychotic agents developed to meet this need. We report a multicenter, double-blind, parallel, 30-week study designed to compare the efficacy, safety, and associated resource use for olanzapine and risperidone in Australia and New Zealand. The study sample consisted of 65 patients who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or schizophreniform disorder. Olanzapine-treated patients showed a significantly greater reduction in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total, and PANSS General Psychopathology scores at endpoint compared to the risperidone-treated patients. Response rates through 30 weeks showed a significantly greater proportion of olanzapine-treated patients had achieved a 20% or greater improvement in their PANSS total score compared to risperidone-treated patients. Olanzapine and risperidone were equivalent in their improvement of PANSS positive and negative scores and Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness scale (CGI-S) at endpoint. Using generic and disease-specific measures of quality of life, olanzapine-treated patients showed significant within-group improvement in most measures, and significant differences were observed in favor of olanzapine over risperidone in Quality of Life Scale (QLS) Intrapsychic Foundation and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item instrument (SF-36) Role Functioning Limitations-Emotional subscale scores. Despite the relatively small sample size, our study suggests that olanzapine has a superior risk:benefit profile compared to risperidone.     

氨磺必利与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症首次发病患者的对照研究

目的:比较氨磺必利和奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的临床疗效和安全性。方法:将62例精神分裂症首次发病患者随机分为氨磺必利组和奥氮平组治疗8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)于治疗前后评定疗效,并观察不良反应。结果:治疗8周两组PANSS总分减分及一般病理学减分比较差异无统计学意义;氨磺必利组PANSS阴性症状减分明显高于奥氮平组,奥氮平组PANSS阳性症状减分显著高于氨磺必利组(P均0.05)。氨磺必利组和奥氮平组总有效率分别为93.5%和96.8%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。奥氮平组体质量增加、镇静嗜睡和血糖升高发生率明显高于氨磺必利组(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:氨磺必利治疗精神分裂症的疗效与奥氮平相当,但不良反应相对较少。