数字化体层融合在肺结节探查中的初步应用

目的 探讨数字化体层融合在肺结节探查中的应用价值.方法 30例疑有肺内结节的患者,均先后行胸部X线平片、体层融合和CT检查.将上述影像资料传至后处理工作站,由2名具有3年以上胸部影像诊断经验的医师分别进行双盲法阅片,观察每例患者肺部结节的数量,每个肺结节的部位、大小.然后,2名阅片者再共同阅片,使单独阅片不一致的结果得到统一.以CT结果作为标准,分别计算胸部X线平片和体层融合探查肺结节的敏感性.采用配对四格表资料的X~2检验比较两者的差异性.结果 30例患者,胸部X线平片检查9例阴性,21例阳性,共发现肺结节40个.体层融合检查4例阴性,26例阳性,共发现肺结节89个.CT检查3例阴性,27例阳性,共发现肺结节102个.以CT作为标准对照,胸部X线平片探查肺结节的敏感性为27.4%(28/102),体层融合的敏感性为87.2%(89/102),差异有统计学意义(X~2=4.35,P<0.05).结论 数字化体层融合可显著提高肺结节探查的敏感性,可以作为胸部X线平片良好和必要的补充.     

髋臼骨折的X线及CT诊断分析

目的：总结123侧髋臼骨折的Judet-Letoumel分类表现。比较X线平片检查与CT检查在髋臼骨折诊断中的价值。方法：本组患者109例，其中14例为双侧髋臼骨折，共123侧髋臼骨折，全部经手术证实并行X线平片检查，CT检查，其中36例行CT三维重建。由有经验的医师分别单独依据X线资料，单独依据CT检查资料，或依据X线结合CT资料对骨折进行分析并依据Judet-Letoumel分类法分型，然后由2位手术医师共同根据手术中所见作出最终诊断，比较诊断符合情况。同时对髋臼内能否发现碎骨块进行记录比较。结果：单独依据X线平片诊断符合112例(91．1％)，依据CT资料诊断符合114例(92．6％)，依据X线平片与CT结合诊断符合120例(97．6％)。前两组比较无统计学差异，X线平片与CT结合组与前两组比较有显著性差异。对髋臼内骨折碎块判断：本组123例患者中有77例手术发现髋臼内合并有碎骨片，平片发现32例，显示率为41．5％。CT显示73例，显示率为93．6％，两者比较有显著性差异。结论：X线检查与CT检查对于髋臼骨折Judet-Letoumel分类诊断符合率无明显区别，两者结合可提高诊断准确率。CT检查对髋臼内骨折碎块的诊断价值优于X线平片。     

数字断层融合检查对肺内孤立性结节筛检的初步应用

目的 探讨胸部数字断层融合(digital tomosynthesis,DTS)检查对肺内孤立性结节(solitary pulmonary nodules,SPN)的检出能力.资料与方法 肺部可疑结节患者及恶性肿瘤随访患者共87例,均行常规数字化胸部平片和胸部DTS检查,以多层CT作为参照,观察分析DTS和胸部平片对SPN的检出结果,分别统计敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,并进行x2检验,比较两者差异性.结果 87例经CT发现54个结节,胸部平片检出24个,假阳性8个,假阴性30个.DTS检出49个,假阳性1个,假阴性5个.胸部平片和DTS对SPN的敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为44.4％、75.8％、56.3％、75％、45.5％和90.7％、96.9％、92％、98％ 、86.1％,DTS与胸部平片对SPN检查的各项指标差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 DTS是普通放射学检查的有力补充,能够提高普通放射学对SPN的诊断能力,可作为影像检查链中的重要环节,在肺部肿瘤高危人群低剂量筛检、复诊方面可以替代常规胸片检查.     

64排螺旋CT对肩胛骨隐匿性骨折的诊断

目的 探讨64排螺旋CT在肩胛骨隐匿性骨折的诊断价值.方法 对33例CT确诊为肩胛骨骨折,而普通X线平片诊断阴性患者的影像资料由2名放射科医师和1名临床骨科医师进行回顾性分析.结果 33例患者通过64排螺旋CT及三维后处理技术共发现48个部位骨折,21例为单部位骨折,12例为多部位骨折.回顾性分析相应部位的X线平片,误诊1例,可疑漏诊4例,余27例仍诊断为阴性.结论 64排螺旋CT可以明显提高肩胛骨隐匿性骨折的检出率.     

膝关节自发性软骨下骨坏死的MRI诊断

目的:探讨MRI对膝关节自发性软骨下骨坏死的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析22例(31个膝关节)膝关节自发性软骨下骨坏死患者的病例资料.所有病例均行X平片和MRI检查,其中8个膝关节同时进行CT检查.结果:X线平片显示无病灶膝关节28个,病灶膝关节3个,显示率9.7%.CT扫描8个膝关节中,显示6个病变膝关节,显示率75%.MRI检查出所有膝关节病灶,检出率100%.结论:MRI是膝关节自发性软骨下骨坏死最佳的影像学检查方法,发现骨坏死的敏感性极高,有助于临床诊断和及时治疗.     

数字化X线断层融合检查诊断肺部占位病变

目的探讨胸部数字化X线断层融合检查(DTS)对肺部占位病变的检出能力。资料与方法对57例有肺部占位病变的患者进行胸部DTS和数字化X线摄影(DR)检查,以多层螺旋CT结果为参照,分析胸部DTS和DR检查对肺部占位病变的敏感性,同时评估DTS对肺部占位病变特征的检出能力。结果 57例患者中,CT确认肺部占位性病灶83个,DR和DTS分别检出其中48个和79个病灶,敏感性分别为57.8%和95.2%。胸部DTS对肺内占位病变的边缘结构和内部特征显示优于DR。结论 DTS对肺部占位病变的检出能力接近CT,敏感性高于DR,可作为肺内占位病变高危人群筛检和随访的常规手段。     

成人单发长骨内生性软骨瘤的影像诊断

目的分析成人单发长骨内生性软骨瘤的影像表现特征及分型,提高对该病的诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实15例成人单发长骨内生性软骨瘤的临床及影像资料,15例行X线平片检查,5例行MSCT平扫检查,9例行MR平扫检查。结果 15例成人长骨内生性软骨瘤均为单发;骨端10例(肱骨8例、股骨2例),骨干4例(肱骨1例、股骨3例),股骨颈1例。X线平片三种表现:仅表现为钙化灶3例,骨质吸收伴钙化11例,阴性表现1例;仅3例表现骨膨大。MSCT检查5例,CT对病灶的钙化、周围骨质吸收范围,皮质受侵细节显示优于平片。MR检查9例,病灶境界均清楚显示,包括1例平片阴性,及另一例平片误诊骨化性纤维瘤。结论成人单发长骨内生性软骨瘤以骨质破坏及钙化为主要特征,平片有多种表现,结合X线、CT及MRI可提高诊断准确性。     

成人早期股骨头缺血性坏死的影像学诊断价值

目的探讨成人早期股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)的影像学(X线平片,CT及MRI)诊断价值。方法选择影像学检查结合临床资料确诊的病例,比较分析25例34个早期股骨头缺血性坏死的X线平片,CT及MRI的诊断结果。结果34个早期股骨头缺血性坏死中,Ⅰ期13髋,Ⅱ期21髋。早期(Ⅰ~Ⅱ期)股骨头坏死的X线平片,CT及MRI的确诊率分别是32.4%,61.8%及100%。结论MRI与其它影像检查方法相比能够更早发现病变,且敏感性和准确率高于CT和X线平片。     

非典型脂肪-血液界面征用于膝关节隐匿性骨折X线诊断价值

目的 探讨非典型脂肪-血液界面(FBI)征在膝关节隐匿性骨折X线诊断中的价值.方法回顾性分析99例膝关节外伤后X线检查阴性,经CT检查确诊膝关节隐匿性骨折和排除膝关节骨折患者的常规膝关节X线及CT资料.CT检查作为金标准,所有的检查均在3天内完成.结合CT描述积脂血症在X线侧位髌上囊的影像表现,作为非典型FBI征.统计隐匿性骨折和无骨折两组资料X线平片显示非典型FBI征的情况,并统计分析以X线侧位髌上囊非典型FBI征作为标准判定膝关节隐匿性骨折的准确度、灵敏度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.结果 99例患者中,CT确诊隐匿性骨折57例,均存在不同程度的积脂血症,CT检查典型的FBI征见于13例(22.8％)隐匿性膝关节骨折病例,表现为液-液平面10例(17.5％),有时还可以出现三层3例(5.3％).或者仅表现为关节积血、积液44例(77.2％).其中51例于X线侧位髌上囊见密度增高,表现为卵圆形、长圆形、条样或斑片样等形态,可以作为FBI征的非典型表现.CT确诊膝关节隐匿性骨折者的X线非典型FBI征发生率为89.5％,明显高于CT排除膝关节骨折者的X线非典型FBI征发生率11.9％,(x2=56.106,P＜0.05).由X线侧位髌上囊密度增高,即不典型FBI征提示膝关节隐匿性骨折的准确度88.9％,灵敏度89.5％,特异度88.1％,阳性似然比7.52,阴性似然比0.12,阳性预测值91.1％,阴性预测值86.1％.结论 外伤后膝关节X线侧位髌上囊密度增高可以作为FBI征的非典型表现,对膝关节隐匿性骨折具有较高的提示作用,可作为诊断膝关节隐匿性骨折的间接征象.     

软骨肉瘤的影像诊断

目的 探讨软骨肉瘤的影像诊断,旨在提高其影像诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析14例经病理证实的软骨肉瘤的X线、CT和MRI表现.14例均行X线平片检查,其中8例同时行CT检查,10例行MRI检查.结果 14例软骨肉瘤中,发生在骨盆6例,管状骨7例,椎体1例.11例表现为斑片状、虫蚀样的溶骨性骨质破坏,12例可见钙化或骨化,1例可见针状骨膜反应,8例可见明显软组织肿块.结论 对于软骨肉瘤,X线平片及CT能清晰地显示钙化、骨化,磁共振能准确地显示病变范围,X线平片结合CT及/或磁共振能明显提高其诊断准确性.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.