维生素D与心血管疾病关系的研究进展

维生素D可通过多种途径发挥与心血管疾病相关的非骨骼效应。本文综述维生素D如何参与炎症反应和血栓形成、如何影响内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞功能、如何调控肾素-血管紧张素系统(Renin-Angiotensin System,RAS)、如何钙化血管进而引发心血管疾病的研究进展,为临床心血管疾病的防治研究提供资料。     

维生素D对免疫细胞影响的研究进展

维生素D属固醇类衍生物,是维持人体生命稳定的一种营养素.活性维生素D通过与维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR)结合而发挥生物学效应.自VDR和1α-羟化酶(cytochrome P450 27B1,CYP27B1)在免疫细胞中被发现以来,维生素D的免疫调节作用便引起了人们极大关注.研究表明,维生...     

维生素D与结核病

早在十九世纪初,人们就发现进行日光照射能帮助治疗结核病,给予鱼肝油,对结核病也有一定的效果。1840年开始,欧美一些病院已开始用鱼肝油作为营养素治疗结核病。关于日光及鱼肝油对结核病有治疗效果的问题曾在1946年的结核病教科书上讨沦过。随着高效抗结核药的开发,对结核病有了可靠的治疗方法。四十年代后期,日光及龟肝油对结     

维生素D代谢相关基因多态性研究进展

维生素D缺乏是佝偻病的主要病因,遗传因素在其发生发展中的作用正逐渐受到重视.与维生素D代谢相关的基因包括:维生素D受体基因(vitamin D receptor,VDR)、维生素D结合蛋白基因(vitamin D-binding protein,DBP)、细胞色素P450基因(cytchrome P450,CYP)、NADSYN1/DHCR7基因.该文就这些基因多态性与维生素D代谢关系的进展作一阐述.

Abstract：

The major cause of tickets is Vitamin D deficiency.Genetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of rickets have been investigated with more and more attention.Genes related to vitamin D metabolism include:VDR gene,DBP gene,CYP gene and NADSYN1/DHCR7 gene.In this article,we review the current status and progress in gene polymorphisms and their association with vitamin D metabolism.     

维生素D3的免疫调节作用

维生素D3及其衍生物是维系体内钙磷平衡最重要的调节因子，近期随着研究的深入，已逐渐发现除上述功能外，它还具有重要的免疫调节作用，在免疫细胞的转化、信号的转导等方面均发现其存在独特的功能，对其免疫学功能方面的探讨已成为研究的热点之一。     

维生素D3的免疫调节作用

维生素D3及其衍生物是维系体内钙磷平衡最重要的调节因子,近期随着研究的深入,已逐渐发现除上述功能外,它还具有重要的免疫调节作用,在免疫细胞的转化、信号的转导等方面均发现其存在独特的功能,对其免疫学功能方面的探讨已成为研究的热点之一.     

维生素D在儿童呼吸系统疾病中的研究进展

维生素D是人体不可缺少的营养素之一,具有广泛的生物学效应.维生素D不仅调节钙磷代谢,促进骨骼钙化,还作为重要的免疫调节因子在固有免疫应答和适应性免疫应答中发挥着重要作用,与呼吸系统疾病发生、发展密切相关.近年研究表明,维生素D缺乏可使免疫细胞增殖和分化偏移而产生异常免疫反应,增加呼吸系统疾病易感性和严重程度.儿童是维生素D缺乏的高危人群,深入研究维生素D的免疫调节功能,将为治疗儿童呼吸系统疾病提供理论基础.     

维生素D在血管钙化中的研究进展

本文综述维生素D预防和治疗血管钙化方面的研究进展。主要综述了国内外的相关文献对维生素D的抗血管钙化作用和最新研究,基础实验和临床观察都显示维生素D对血管钙化具有重要的调控作用,目前主要研究热点是维生素D抑制血管平滑肌细胞(vascular smooth muscle cell,VSMC)的表型转化,主要问题是维生素D在血管钙化中对血管平滑肌细胞表型的调控作用,且其发挥血管保护作用的机制尚需更多的研究验证。     

浅谈高效液相色谱法同时测定钙镁D片中维生素D2和维生素D3的含量

目的用高效液相色谱法同时测定钙镁D片中维生素D2和维生素D3的含量。方法采用Kromasil C18反相色谱分离柱,流动相为甲醇-乙腈（90：10）,检测波长为270nm,流速为0.75ml/min,并且加入维生素A和维生素E进行干扰试验。结果维生素D2、D3在0.8～98mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,维生素A和维生素E不干扰测定。结论本方法对于测定片剂中的维生素D2和维生素D3具有简单,易于操作,分离效果好,结果准确的优点,适宜推广使用。     

浅谈高效液相色谱法同时测定钙镁D片中维生素D2和维生素D3的含量

目的 用高效液相色谱法同时测定钙镁D片中维生素D2和维生素D3的含量.方法 采用Kromsil C18反相色谱分离柱,流动相为甲醇-乙腈(90∶10),检测波长为270nm,流速为0.75ml/min,并且加入维生素A和维生素E进行干扰试验.结果 维生素D2、D3在0.8～98mg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,维生素A和维生素E不干扰测定.结论 本方法对于测定片剂中的维生素D2和维生素D3具有简单,易于操作,分离效果好,结果准确的优点,适宜推广使用.     

Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels and Association of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Vitiligo

BackgroundThe role of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms has been established in many autoimmune diseases, including vitiligo, but the result is still controversial.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the serum vitamin D levels in vitiligo patients and to compare the association of VDR gene polymorphisms in vitiligo patients and healthy controls.MethodsWe collected the data of age, sex, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D) level, thyroid autoantibodies, disease duration, types of vitiligo, family history and the affected body surface area of vitiligo from 172 patients. And we analyzed the VDR gene polymorphisms in 130 vitiligo and 453 age-sex-matched control subjects.ResultsThe mean serum level of 25(OH)D in 172 vitiligo patients was 18.75 ± 0.60 ng/mL, which had no significant difference with a mean serum value of 25(OH)D in the Korean population. However, there were significant differences according to the duration of the disease and family history. Also, there were no significant differences in the genotypic and allelic distributions of 37 examined SNPs of VDR gene between vitiligo patients and healthy controls.ConclusionSerum level of 25(OH)D in vitiligo patients was not significantly different from the mean serum value of the Korean population. Also, there were no significant differences in the genotypic distributions of VDR gene between vitiligo patients and healthy controls.     

维生素D对胃癌的作用及其机制研究

目的 通过检测胃癌患者血清中维生素D(VD)含量及癌组织中维生素D受体(VDR)的表达水平,探讨VD对胃癌的作用及其机制.方法 采用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)测定胃癌患者及健康人群血清中的VD水平;采用免疫组化法检测胃癌组织及癌旁正常胃组织中的VDR表达水平,并分析其与预后的关系.结果 胃癌患者的血清VD水平较健康人群低(P＜0.05),且与胃癌细胞分化程度明显负相关(P＜0.001);胃癌组织中VDR表达显著低于正常胃黏膜(P＜0.05),且VDR的表达水平与癌组织分化程度之间有显著联系,高、中、低分化3组VDR的表达水平依次降低且差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);胃癌患者中,VDR表达阳性者的无疾病进展生存期和总生存期均较VDR阴性者明显延长,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 VD可能是胃癌发病中的一个保护性因素,其VDR的表达水平可作为判断胃癌分化程度的依据之一,VDR可作为胃癌术后的一个有效预后因子.     

Vitamin D Deficiency in Adult Sickle Cell Patients

Introduction

Vitamin D levels in adult black Americans with sickle cell disease (SCD) are comparatively lower than those found in the general population of black Americans. The objectives of this study were to examine the prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in adults with various subtypes of sickle cell disease and identify risk factors for vitamin D deficiency.

三种脂溶性维生素的免疫调节作用及其研究进展

维生素A、维生素D和维生素E是主要的三种脂溶性维生素,通常人们只认识到它们预防夜盲症、促进骨骼生长和抗衰老等一些营养保健作用,而对其刺激免疫细胞、调节细胞因子和增强免疫功能等方面的作用及其重要性却知之甚少.近年来研究表明:维生素A是T细胞生长、分化、激活过程中不可缺少的因子,其对体液免疫和细胞免疫都有明显的促进作用;维生素D[1,25(OH)2D3]是一种新的神经内分泌一免疫调节激素,对组织和细胞均有影响,主要对细胞免疫具有重要的调节作用;而维生素E则增强了免疫系统的功能,可以降低机体对传染病和肿瘤的易感性.临床上适量补充上述维生素有助于免疫功能恢复正常,可起到防病治病的作用.     

A review of vitamin D and Parkinson's disease

The role of vitamin D in bone health has been known for over a century. More recent research has suggested that vitamin D may play a role in the muscular, immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Animal research suggests that vitamin D may have some protective effects against toxic insults that are known to damage dopamine cells, the primary cells to degenerate in PD. Persons with PD tend to have lower vitamin D levels than persons of similar ages without PD. Vitamin D levels are generally associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in persons with PD, but simply giving vitamin D does not appear to improve BMD. Results of genetic studies examining polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor and PD risk, severity, or age at onset have shown variable results, with FokI CC seeming to possibly carry some increased risk of PD. Amount of sun exposure and vitamin D levels in earlier life may influence the risk of developing PD. Cross-sectional research suggests a relationship between vitamin D levels and severity of PD symptoms. A single intervention study did show some improvement in PD with vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D may have effects on PD symptoms and perhaps even on the risk of disease development or disease progression. More well designed intervention studies are needed to confirm the effect of vitamin D on PD symptoms. Human neuroprotection studies are needed, but probably not feasible until better biomarkers are established.     

25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in human cerebrospinal fluid

Summary Samples of CSF and plasma were obtained simultaneously from 46 adult patients who had no endocrine disorders and were undergoing routine diagnostic lumbar puncture because of suspected or proved prolapse of a disc. Concentrations of 25-OHD, 24,25(OH)₂D and 1,25(OH)₂D were measured. The samples were purified by column chromatography and fractionated by HPLC. In the appropriate fractions the vitamin D metabolites were measured by PBA, and cytoreceptor assay. The results were as follows (median, range in brackets): 25-OHD in CSF 8.3 ng/ml (2.0–24.8), in plasma 14.5 ng/ml (7.0–36.0). 24,25(OH)₂D in CSF 1.8 ng/ml (0.3–4.6) and 2.5 ng/ml (0.4–4.7) in plasma. 1.25(OH)₂ D in CSF 25.0 pg/ml (2.2–39.0) and 31.0 pg/ml (10.1–55.0) in plasma. The correlations between plasma and CSF concentrations were as follows: 25-OHDr=0.479 (P<0.001); 24,25(OH)₂Dr=0.815 (P<0.001) and for 1.25(OH)₂Dr=0.497 (P<0.001).Our findings showed vitamin D metabolites to be present in human CSF.Abbreviations Ca Calcium - CSF Cerebrospinal fluid - Vitamin D₃ Cholecalciferol - CPM Counts per min - 24, 25 (OH)₂D 24, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ - 1,25(OH)₂D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ - Vitamin D₂ Ergocalciferol - HPLC High-pressure liquid chromatography - 25OHD 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ - PTH Parathyroid hormone - PBA Protein binding assay - RIA Radioimmunoassay - D-CaBP Vitamin D dependent calcium-binding protein     

维生素D在哮喘发病机制中的作用

生素D除了参与钙磷代谢和调节骨骼稳态作用外,还具有调节机体免疫等广泛的生物学调节功能。维生素D不足使免疫细胞增殖和分化偏移而产生异常免疫反应。哮喘是由多种细胞（包括肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和T淋巴细胞）参与的慢性气道炎症,也是一种由遗传和环境因素共同作用的复杂多基因遗传病。近些年研究表明,维生素D缺乏会增加哮喘易感性和严重程度,与哮喘的遗传和非遗传因素共同参与哮喘的发病。     

Vitamin D and aging: beyond calcium and bone metabolism

Background

Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels are common and may be associated with morbidity and mortality (and indeed with frailty more generally). This association is not restricted to the links between vitamin D and calcium and bone metabolism.

Objective

To review the influences of vitamin D on the aging process other than those related to bone and calcium. Its effect on mortality is also assessed.

Methods

The PubMed database was searched for English-language articles relating to vitamin D, using the following MeSH terms: vitamin D, mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and frailty. In addition, searches were carried out with Google.

Results

Although some of the reported results have proved controversial, overall the evidence seems to support an association between low serum 25[OH]D levels and mortality rates (all-cause and cardiovascular). Frailty is a condition frequently associated with low serum 25[OH]D levels.

Conclusion

The aging process and mortality are associated with low vitamin D levels. Prospective controlled trials are warranted to determine whether vitamin D supplements can increase longevity and reduce the incidence of certain conditions.     

3D打印器官芯片研究进展

器官芯片是一种将生物体活细胞植入精准设计的微流体芯片内,可特定再现生物体组织器官功能的仿生的微生理系统,在疾病模拟、毒性检测、新药研发、精准医疗等许多方面具有独特应用前景。3D生物打印技术与器官芯片技术相结合制作3D打印器官芯片,可实现芯片制造工艺的简易化和低成本化,同时满足对复杂异质三维微环境的精细需求。综述3D打印器官芯片在打印方式、打印墨水等方面的研究进展,阐述其最新生物医学应用,总结器官芯片结构和功能单元的打印方式和打印墨水,探讨基于现有打印工艺实现器官芯片一体化制造的潜在可行性,概述3D打印器官芯片技术在心、肝、肺、肾、神经、肿瘤等组织和器官结构和功能仿生方面的最新进展,最后展望3D打印器官芯片技术领域的发展趋势和有待解决的关键问题。     

维生素D与免疫

随着研究的不断深入,人们对维生素D的认识不再局限于钙、磷以及骨代谢.在各种免疫细胞中均存在维生素D受体及代谢相关的酶.维生素D与免疫的关系愈来愈受到重视.维生素D在免疫细胞的作用机制也逐步明确.越来越多的临床随机对照试验显示,维生素D有利于免疫功能,尤其在自身免疫性疾病、抗感染等方面发挥着重要作用.目前,维生素D介导下的免疫耐受作用机制探究正在成为新的研究热点.