联立方程组新解法在复方制剂分析中的应用

目的：测定复方氯霉素洗剂及氯霉素地塞米松磷酸钠滴耳液中二组份的含量。方法：采用新Ｖｉｅｒｏｒｄｔ法不经分离直接测定复方氯霉素洗剂及氯霉素地塞米松磷酸钠滴耳液中氯霉素、水杨酸及地塞米松磷酸钠、氯霉素的含量。结果：以２７８,３０２ｎｍ分别为复方氯霉素洗剂中两组分的测定波长,以无水乙醇为空白,氯霉素和水杨酸的平均回收率及ＲＳＤ分别为１００．３２％,０．１６％和９９．９５％,０．２３％,以２４２,２７８ｎ     

复方氯霉素醇溶液的制备及含量测定

本文报道复方氯霉素醇溶液的制备，应用新Ｖｉｅｒｏｒｄｔ分光光度法，在波长２７５ｎｍ和３１２ｎｍ处同时测定复方氯霉素醇溶液中氯霉素和甲硝唑的含量，回收率分别为１００．９２±０．４１％，９９．５８±０．３６％。     

线性方程组分光光度法测定痤疮搽剂中甲硝唑和氯霉素的含量

本文应用线性方程组分光光度法，不经分离，直接测定痤疮搽剂中甲硝唑和氯霉素的含量。分别在２７８ｎｍ和３２０ｎｍ波长处测定甲硝唑和氯霉素混合液的吸收度，根据吸收度的加和性质解线性方程组，计算两者的含量。平均回收率分别为１００．７２±０．５４％和９８．９０±１．０７％适宜于医院制剂分析。     

复方甲硝唑栓的含量测定

应用吸光度线性方程组分光光度法，不经分离直接测定复主甲硝唑栓中甲硝唑和氯霉素含量，测定波长为２７８．０ｎｍ和３２０．０ｎｍ，平均回收率甲硝唑１００．０５％，氯霉素为１００．１６％，方法不受栓剂基质的干扰，定量准确、简便、快速、，适宜于医院制剂分析。     

多波长系数法测定复方氯霉素搽剂的含量

目的：不经提取分离同时测定复方氯霉素擦剂３ 种主要成分的含量。方法：采用多波长系数法。结果：氯霉素含量为 Ｃ＝ ４４ ．６４８ ２ Δ Ａ－ ０ ．５６４ ７ ,ｒ ＝ ０ ．９９９ ９（ Δ Ａ＝ Ａ２７８ － ０ ．３６２ ８ Ａ２９６ － ０ ．０５８ ９ Ａ３１６） ,其平均回收率为９９ ．６ ％ ;甲硝唑含量为 Ｃ＝２４ ．９５５ ２ Δ Ａ－ ０ ．１５３ ８ ,ｒ ＝ ０ ．９９９ ９（ Δ Ａ＝ Ａ３１６ ＋ ０ ．０５８４５ Ａ２７８ － ０ ．３６８ ２ Ａ２９６） ,其平均回收率为１００ ．６ ％ ;水杨酸含量为 Ｃ＝１１ ．２５７ ８ Δ Ａ－ ０ ．０５６ ９ ,ｒ ＝ ０ ．９９９ ６［ Δ Ａ＝ ２（ Ａ２９２ ＋ Ａ２９６ ＋ Ａ３００） － ３ ．３３５ ９ Ａ２７８ － ３ ．１４２ ２ Ａ３１６］ ,平均回收率为９９ ．９ ％ 。结论：此方法简便、快速、准确,适用于对多组分制剂的测定。     

联立方程组新解法测定痤疮搽剂的含量

本文采用了联立方程组新解法测定座疮搽剂中甲硝唑和氯霉素的含量，测定波长为２７８．０ｎｍ和３２０．０ｎｍ，平均回收率甲硝唑为１００．３％，氯霉素为１００．２％，平均标准偏差甲硝唑为０．２％，氯霉素为０．４％。操作简便快速，方法准确可靠，结果满意。     

双波长分光光度法测定复方氢化可的松搽剂的含量

采用双波长分光光度法测定复方氢化可的松搽剂１号的含量。测定波长为２４７ｎｍ，参比波长为２６５ｎｍ。在６～１４μｇ／ｍｌ范围内，△Ａ值与氢化可的松（Ｈｙｄｒｏｃｏｒｔｉｓｏｎｅ，简称ＨＣ）的浓度呈良好的线性关系。回归方程为Ｃ＝１．８８８１△Ａ－０．００４９５９，ｒ＝０．９９９９（ｎ＝５）．平均回收率为１００．４％，ＲＳＤ＝０．６１％（ｎ＝６）。该法简便快速，结果准确。     

双波长分光光度法测定氯霉素滴眼液含量

应用双波长分光光度法测定氯霉素滴限液的含量，消除了处方中防腐剂尼泊金乙酯及其他辅助成分的干扰。测定波长为２７８ｎｍ，参比波长为２４２．８ｎｍ。其平均口收率为１００．２％，ＲＳＤ为０．３９％．     

高效液相色谱法测定氯霉素氢化可的松滴耳液的含量

目的：采用ＨＰＬＣ法测定氯霉素氢化可的松滴耳液中氢霉素和氢化可的松的含量。方法：采用Ｃ１８色谱柱,流动相为甲醇－水（６０：４０ｖ／ｖ）,检测波长为２４０ｎｍ。结果：氯霉素在２５０～７５０ｕｇ．ｍｌ＾－１浓度范围内,ｒ＝０．９９９９,回收率９９．０％,ＲＳＤ＝０．５％;氢化可的松在４９．９６～１４９．８８ｕｇ．ｍｌ＾－１浓度范围内,ｒ＝０．９９９９,回收率９７．７％,ＲＳＤ＝０．８％。结论：该方法可     

紫外分光光度法测定痤疮搽剂中甲硝唑和氯霉素的含量

本文应用差示分光光度法和单波长分光光度法，在３２２ｎｍ和２７８ｎｍ波长处，测定痤疮搽剂中甲硝唑和氯霉素的含量。回收率分别为１００．５±０．７％和１００．４±１．３％。此法适宜于医院制剂分析。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定氯霉素氢化可的松滴耳液中氯霉素和氢化可的松含量的方法学研究

目的建立用反相高效液相色法同时测定氯霉素氢化可的松滴耳液中氯霉素和氢化可的松含量的方法.方法以Shim-pack VP-ODS柱(4.6mm×15cm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇-水(内含1.5%冰醋酸)(65:35)为流动相,流速1.0mL/min,进样量10μL.结果一次进样可同时测定两种组分的含量,氯霉素在154.5～1030.0μg/mL,氢化可的松在32.4～210.0μg/mL范围内,峰面积与其浓度均呈良好的线性关系,r值分别为0.999 9和0.999 6,日内精密度和日间精密度良好,平均回收率分别为100.1%,RSD=0.49%(n=9)和100.2%,RSD=0.42%(n=9)结论方法简单快速,结果准确,可作为该制剂的质控分析.     

氯霉素氢化可的松软膏的研制及质量控制

目的研制氯霉素氢化可的松软膏并建立质量控制标准。方法以FAPG软膏基质(脂肪醇和丙二醇)配制含1%氯霉素、0.5%氢化可的松软膏。采用HPLC法,以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为色谱柱,甲醇-水(55∶45)为流动相,检测波长240 nm,流速0.9 ml.min-1,进样量10μl,对氯霉素氢化可的松软膏进行含量测定,室温下留样观察6个月,分别考察氯霉素、氢化可的松在软膏剂中的稳定性。结果氯霉素、氢化可的松保留时间分别为2.95、6.43 min;药物浓度与峰面积线性关系良好。氯霉素线性范围为50.18～401.44 mg.L-1,回归方程为C=0.075 93X+0.198 7,r=0.999 9(n=5),平均回收率为100.44%(n=9);氢化可的松线性范围为25.13～200.02 mg.L-1,回归方程为C=0.097 0X+0.357 0,r=0.999 9(n=5),平均回收率为99.86%(n=9)。氯霉素、氢化可的松在软膏剂中室温下保存6个月稳定。结论该制剂为溶液型软膏剂,氯霉素在该软膏剂中的稳定性较在乳膏剂中增加。制剂制备容易,控制方法快速、准确。     

高效液相色谱法测定氯霉素氢化可的松滴耳液中氯霉素和氢化可的松的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定氯霉素氢化可的松滴耳液中氯霉素和氢化可的松的含量。方法 采用反相μBondpak C18色谱柱；甲醇-水(70：30)为流动相；检测波长为242nm，外标法定量。结果 氯霉素和氢化可的松的线性范围分别为5～301μg／mL(r=0．9995)，1-6μg／mL(r=0．9997)；平均加样回收率分别为：100．2％(RSD=0．75％)，99．53％(RSD=0．97％，n=5)；日内RSD分别为0．67％和0．66％(n=5)，日间RSD分别为0．74％和1．07％(n=4)。结论 该方法简便、准确，适合该制剂质量检验分析。     

Clinical pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate

In recent years there has been a renewal of interest in chloramphenicol, predominantly because of the emergence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae, the leading cause of bacterial meningitis in infants and children. Three preparations of chloramphenicol are most commonly used in clinical practice: a crystalline powder for oral administration, a palmitate ester for oral administration as a suspension, and a succinate ester for parenteral administration. Both esters are inactive, requiring hydrolysis to chloramphenicol for anti-bacterial activity. The palmitate ester is hydrolysed in the small intestine to active chloramphenicol prior to absorption. Chloramphenicol succinate acts as a prodrug, being converted to active chloramphenicol while it is circulating in the body. Various assays have been developed to determine the concentration of chloramphenicol in biological fluids. Of these, high-performance liquid chromatographic and radioenzymatic assays are accurate, precise, specific, and have excellent sensitivities for chloramphenicol. They are rapid and have made therapeutic drug monitoring practical for chloramphenicol. The bioavailability of oral crystalline chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol palmitate is approximately 80%. The time for peak plasma concentrations is dependent on particle size and correlates with in vitro dissolution and deaggregation rates. The bioavailability of chloramphenicol after intravenous administration of the succinate ester averages approximately 70%, but the range is quite variable. Incomplete bioavailability is the result of renal excretion of unchanged chloramphenicol succinate prior to it being hydrolysed to active chloramphenicol. Plasma protein binding of chloramphenicol is approximately 60% in healthy adults. The drug is extensively distributed to many tissues and body fluids, including cerebrospinal fluid and breast milk, and it crosses the placenta. Reported mean values for the apparent volume of distribution range from 0.6 to 1.0 L/kg. Most of a chloramphenicol dose is metabolised by the liver to inactive products, the chief metabolite being a glucuronide conjugate; only 5 to 15% of chloramphenicol is excreted unchanged in the urine. The elimination half-life is approximately 4 hours. Inaccurate determinations of the pharmacokinetic parameters may result by incorrectly assuming rapid and complete hydrolysis of chloramphenicol succinate. The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol succinate have been described by a 2-compartment model. The reported values for the apparent volume of distribution range from 0.2 to 3.1 L/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Chlorocoulometric determination of hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone acetate

A chlorocoulometric method for the determination of small amounts of hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone acetate is presented. The method is simple and rapid, the results obtained are accurate and reproducible. It can be successfully applied to the determination of hydrocortisone and hydrocortisone acetate in pharmaceutical formulations.     

高效液相色谱法测定氯霉素注射液中氯霉素的含量

目的 建立一种准确度和灵敏度高,重现性好的氯霉素注射液中氯霉素含量测定的高效液相色谱法.方法 采用shim pack VP ODS(150mm*4.6mm,5μm)为分析柱,流动相0.1%庚烷磺酸钠溶液(取0.1%庚烷磺酸钠500mL与二甲基甲酰胺5mL,冰醋酸0.5mL,混匀)∶乙腈(75∶25),检测波长:272nm,流速:1.0mL·min-1.结果 氯霉素在0.040～0.200 mg内有良好的线性关系,回收率为99.8%,RSD为0.80%.结论 建立的氯霉素含量测定方法简便,准确,灵敏.