The effects of Tai Chi on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a systematic review

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence for Tai Chi as an intervention to reduce rate of bone loss in postmenopausal women. DATA SOURCES: Literature search using Medline, Science Citation Index, Cochrane databases, China Biological Medicine Database, and additional manual reference searches of retrieved articles and personal libraries. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies that included Tai Chi as an intervention, and had at least 1 outcome related to measurement of bone mineral density (BMD). DATA EXTRACTION: Authors critically reviewed studies, evaluated methodologic quality, and synthesized study results in a summary table. DATA SYNTHESIS: Six controlled studies were identified by our search. There were 2 RCTs, 2 nonrandomized prospective parallel cohort studies, and 2 cross-sectional studies. The 2 RCTs and 1 of the prospective cohort studies suggested that Tai Chi-naive women who participated in Tai Chi training exhibited reduced rates of postmenopausal declines in BMD. Cross-sectional studies suggested that long-term Tai Chi practitioners had higher BMD than age-matched sedentary controls, and had slower rates of postmenopausal BMD decline. No adverse effects related to Tai Chi were reported in any trial. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions on the impact of Tai Chi on BMD are limited by the quantity and quality of research to date. This limited evidence suggests Tai Chi may be an effective, safe, and practical intervention for maintaining BMD in postmenopausal women. In combination with research that indicates Tai Chi can positively impact other risk factors associated with low BMD (eg, reduced fall frequency, increased musculoskeletal strength), further methodologically sound research is warranted to better evaluate the impact of Tai Chi practice on BMD and fracture risk in postmenopausal women.     

绝经后妇女雌激素受体基因多态性与骨密度的相关性

目的:探讨雌激素受体(ER)基因XbaⅠ及PvuⅡ多态性与广州地区部分汉族绝经后妇女骨密度相互关系。方法:随机筛选年龄42～75岁广州汉族妇女157例,采用双能X线吸收法测其全身、腰椎2～4、股骨颈、Ward'三角和大转子区等部位的骨密度值,并采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性方法检测其外周血白细胞基因组ER基因型。结果:157例受试对象中,ER基因XbaⅠ及PvuⅡ基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。携带XXPp基因型的个体在多个部位拥有较高的骨密度值,差异有统计学意义。结论:ER基因XbaⅠ及PvuⅡ多态性与广州汉族绝经后妇女的骨密度有一定的相关性,XXPp是一种对骨量有益的基因型。     

Association of physical performance measures with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between physical performance measures and bone mineral density (BMD) in older women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: University research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Healthy postmenopausal women (N=116; mean age +/- standard deviation, 68.3+/-6.8y) in self-reported good health who were not taking medications known to affect bone, including hormone replacement therapy. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Anthropometrics and BMD of the hip, spine, whole body, and forearm. Physical performance measures included normal and brisk 8-m gait speed, normal step length (NSL), brisk step length (BSL), timed 1-leg stance (OLS), timed sit-to-stand (STS), and grip strength. RESULTS: NSL, BSL, normal gait speed, brisk gait speed, OLS, and grip strength correlated significantly with several skeletal sites ( r range, .19-.38; P <.05). In multiple regression models containing body mass index, hours of total activity, total calcium intake, and age of menarche, NSL, BSL, normal and brisk gait speeds, OLS, and grip strength were all significantly associated with BMD of various skeletal sites (adjusted R 2 range, .11-.24; P <.05). Analysis of covariance showed that subjects with longer step lengths and faster normal and brisk gait speeds had higher BMD at the whole body, hip, and spine (brisk speed only). Those with a longer OLS had greater femoral neck BMD, and those with a stronger grip strength had greater BMD in the whole body and forearm ( P <.05). STS was not related to any skeletal site. CONCLUSIONS: Normal and brisk gait speed, NSL, BSL, OLS, and grip strength are all associated with BMD at the whole body, hip, spine, and forearm. Physical performance evaluation may help with osteoporosis prevention and treatment programs for postmenopausal women when bone density scores have not been obtained or are unavailable.     

绝经后女性股骨颈容积性定量CT测量研究

目的应用vQCT技术测量绝经后女性股骨颈的容积性骨密度（BMD）和几何参数,评价各参数对骨质疏松性骨折的预测能力。方法选取绝经后妇女47例,其中正常组26例,骨质疏松组14例,骨质疏松伴腰椎骨折组7例。应用多层螺旋CT对三组患者左股骨颈进行容积扫描并薄层重建,利用Osteo CAD软件对多平面重组图像进行测量,计算出股骨颈的皮质骨、小梁骨和整体骨的容积BMD,股骨颈轴长和最小横截面积,并进行统计学分析。结果正常组与骨质疏松组、正常组与骨折组之间vQCT及DXA各BMD差异均有统计学意义,在调节年龄、身高和体重因素后差异仍存在;骨质疏松组与骨折组之间只有小梁BMD及总体BMD差异有统计学意义,且小梁BMD下降幅度较大,达32.4%。结论股骨近端vQCT测量比DXA能更敏感地反映绝经后女性股骨颈BMD的变化情况,为早期预测骨质疏松性骨折提供科学依据。     

The effect of Tai Chi exercise on motor function and sleep quality in patients with stroke: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveThe meta-analysis is to objectively evaluate the efficacy of Tai Chi exercise for motor function and sleep quality in patients with stroke.MethodsRandomized controlled trials(RCTs) about the effects of Tai Chi versus a non-exercise or conventional rehabilitation exercise control group on motor function and sleep quality in patients with stroke were searched from multiple electronic databases(PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, AMED, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP) until August 2016. Two investigators independently screened eligible studies, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality by using the quality evaluation criteria for RCTs recommended by Cochrane Handbook. Then meta-analysis was performed by RevMan5.3 software.ResultsA total of 17 RCTs with 1209 participants were included. The meta-analysis indicated that there was a significant difference on improving the balance function(P < 0.001) and ability of daily activity (P = 0.0003) of patients with stroke between Tai Chi group and control group. However, no significant effect was found on Tai Chi for walking function and sleep quality(P > 0.05).ConclusionTai Chi exercise can significantly improve the balance function and ability of daily activities of patients with stroke, and there are no significant differences in walking function and sleep quality. Therefore, lots of multicenter, large-sample, higher quality randomized controlled trials are needed to verify the effects of Tai Chi exercise in improving walking function and sleep quality for patients with stroke.     

Serum serotonin concentration associated with bone mineral density in Chinese postmenopausal women

Recent studies have shown that circulating serotonin plays a potential role in bone metabolism. However, conflicting results have been reported for the relationship between serum serotonin concentrations and bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated whether the serum serotonin concentrations related to BMD in Chinese postmenopausal women. Serum serotonin and bone turnover concentrations of 117 premenopausal women and 262 asymptomatic postmenopausal women were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between serotonin and BMD was investigated. The postmenopausal women had lower mean serum serotonin concentrations compared to the premenopausal women. Serotonin concentrations were negatively associated with age, weight, BMI, fat mass, and β-CTX concentrations in postmenopausal women. No significant correlations were found between serotonin and these parameters in premenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, age- and BMI-adjusted serotonin concentrations were positively correlated with BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. Multiple regression analyses showed serum serotonin and β-CTX were the predictors for lumbar spine BMD. Only serum serotonin was the determinant for femoral neck BMD. In conclusion, lower serum serotonin concentrations are linked to low lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women.     

绝经后妇女椎体骨骼大小对骨密度和诊断骨质疏松的影响

目的：探讨绝经后妇女椎体骨骼大小对骨密度（BMD）和诊断骨质疏松（OP）的影响。方法：采用QDR－4500A型扇形束双能X线吸收法骨密度仪，测量1081例年龄42－96岁健康绝经妇女腰椎妇女腰椎正位投射骨面积（BA）、骨矿含量（BMC）、面积骨密度（ABMD）及腰椎侧位面积骨密度和体积骨密度（VBMD）。结果：BA与骨矿含量（r=0.606)和面积骨密度（r=0.270,P=0.000)呈正相关，与体积骨密度相关无显著性意义（r=-0.055,P=0.101).BA每增加1cm^2，骨矿含量和面积骨密度分别相应增加6．29％和1．28％。大BA组与中等BA组及中等BA组与小BA组比较，妇女的身高、体重、骨矿含量、面积骨密度和OP检出率的差异均具有显著性的意义（P＝0．000）。腰椎正位和侧位的OP检出率，大BA组分别为24．9％和39．9％，中等BA组分别为36．4％和54．5％，小BA组分别为55．2％和70．9％。各组之间体积骨密度的OP检出率的差异无显著性的意义。多元线性回归分析结果显示，影响骨骼大小和骨密度的主要因素为身高和体重。结论：绝经后妇女腰椎较大者面积骨密度较高和OP检出率较低，椎体较小者面积骨密度较低和OP检出率较高。腰椎体积骨密度不随骨骼大小而改变。腰椎侧位骨密度检测是诊断OP的敏感部位。     

双源CT双能扫描测量骨密度的实验研究

目的：评价双源CT（DSCT）双能骨密度测量方法的准确性。方法：自行设计开发的DSCT双能CT定量法（DEQCT）骨密度测量软件,与临床上广泛应用的双能骨密度测量仪（DEXA）及理论单能定量CT测量法（SEQCT）骨密度测量方法分别测定猪腰脊椎骨骨密度,并将测量值同猪脊骨煅烧后的骨密度值进行比较,观察哪种测量方法更准确。结果：DEQCT方法测量值[（0.5023±0.0353）g/cm3]最为接近煅烧值[（0.5050±0.0434）g/cm3],两者间差别不具有统计学意义,理论SEQCT140kV方法测量值[（0.4813±0.0314）g/cm3]小于煅烧值及双能测量值,两两间的差别均具有统计学差别。DEXA所测量值[（0.4527±0.0360）g/cm2]明显小于煅烧值及DEQCT和理论SEQCT140kV法测量值,且与三者的差别均存在统计学意义。结论：DSCT双能骨密度测量方法优于临床应用的SEQCT骨密度测量方法及DEXA测量法。     

The Erlangen Fitness Osteoporosis Prevention Study: a controlled exercise trial in early postmenopausal women with low bone density-first-year results

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a 2-year vigorous, combined high-impact, strength, and endurance training program on bone mineral density (BMD) determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), quantitative computed tomography (QCT), and ultrasound in early postmenopausal women with osteopenia. DESIGN: Nonrandomized controlled trial, reporting 1-year data. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: Early postmenopausal (1-8y postmenopausal) osteopenic women (DXA T score at lumbar spine or total hip between -1 and -2.5 standard deviations). The exercise group (n=59; mean age, 55.1+/-3.4y) and control group (n=41; mean age, 55.9+/-3.1y) were recruited from community registers. INTERVENTION: Fourteen months of exercise training, with 2 joint sessions and 2 additional home training sessions. Exercise and control groups were supplemented individually with calcium and cholecalciferol up to 1500mg of calcium and 500IU of vitamin D per day. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: BMD at the lumbar spine and total hip measured by DXA, isometric maximum strength, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) during a stepwise running test to exhaustion. RESULTS: Bone density increased significantly at the lumbar spine for the exercise group (1.3%, P<.001) and decreased in the control group (-1.2%, P<.01). Differences at the total hip (-0.3%, not significant vs -0.8%, P<.05) and the femoral neck (-0.8%, P<.05 vs -1.8%, P<.001) were nonsignificant. Changes in isometric maximum strength were significant for each region (grip strength, trunk flexors and extensors, hip flexors, leg adductors and abductors, arm flexors and extensors) in the exercise group (11%-39%) compared with nonrelevant changes (-1.1% to 3.9%) in the control group. Between-group differences were significant (P<.01-.001) for all strength parameters. VO2max increased significantly by 11% (P<.001) in the exercise group but decreased in the control group by 4% (P<.05) while showing significant between-group differences. CONCLUSION: High-intensity exercise training can have a positive influence on bone density in early postmenopausal osteopenic women.     

运动强度及透析龄等相关因素对血液透析患者骨密度的影响

目的 观察血液透析患者骨密度变化特点及分析运动强度及透析龄对其影响,为骨质疏松早期预防提供临床依据.方法 120例维持性血液透析患者,以双能X线（dual energy X-ray absorptiometry,DEXA）骨密度仪测定腰椎及股骨近端密度,同时记录患者身高、体质量、透析程度和运动情况,检测血生化指标,行相关性分析.结果 120例血液透析患者骨质疏松发生率为38.33％,运动组与不运动组比较,股骨近端及腰椎骨密度T值均有显著性差异（t=2.578,P＜0.01;t=3.074,P＜0.01）,股骨近端及腰椎骨密度T值均与透析时间成负相关（t=-0.419,P=-0.01;t=--0.378,P=0.02）.结论 不运动,透析时间长是血液透析患者骨质疏松的重要危险因素.     

Tai Chi Chuan,health-related quality of life and self-esteem: A randomized trial with breast cancer survivors

Goals Health-related quality of life (HRQL) and self-esteem are often diminished among women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer. Tai Chi is a moderate form of exercise that may be an effective therapy for improving HRQL and self-esteem among these women. We sought to compare the efficacy of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) and psychosocial support (PST) for improving HRQL and self-esteem among breast cancer survivors.Patients and methods A group of 21 women diagnosed with breast cancer, who had completed treatment within the last 30 months were randomized to receive 12 weeks of TCC or PST. Participants in both groups met three times a week for 60 minutes. HRQL and self-esteem were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.Results The TCC group demonstrated significant improvements in HRQL, while the PST group reported declines in HRQL, with the differences between the two groups approaching significance at week 12. Additionally, the TCC group exhibited improvements in self-esteem, while the PST group reported declines in self-esteem, with the differences between groups reaching statistical significance at week 12. These findings, coupled with a visual inspection of the raw change scores, support the plausibility of a dose-response relationship concerning Tai Chi.Conclusions In this pilot investigation, the TCC group exhibited improvements in HRQL and self-esteem from baseline to 6 and 12 weeks, while the support group exhibited declines. Randomized, controlled clinical trials with larger sample sizes are needed.Supported by awards from the Susan Stout Exercise Science Research Fund and the Sally Schindel Cone Womens and Gender Studies Research Fund at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro.     

运动对绝经后女性骨密度的影响

目的：观察运动对绝经后女性骨密度的影响。方法：绝经后女性106名分为运动组37例和对照组69例。运动组进行广场舞、爬山、慢跑等运动干预,对照组未进行任何干预。采用双能X线吸收仪测试其全身及各部位骨矿含量（BMC）和骨密度（BMD）,并进行比较。结果：运动干预8个月后,运动组全身BMD和BMC值均较干预前及对照组明显增加（P＜0．05）,而对照组全身BMD和BMC值均较8个月前下降,但差异无统计学意义。运动组胸椎的BMD、BMC和盆骨的BMC均较干预前及对照组明显增加（P＜0．05）,而腰椎的BMD、BMC和盆骨的BMD干预后差异无统计学意义;对照组干预后腰椎、盆骨的BMD、BMC均较8个月前明显下降（P＜0．05）,而胸椎的BMD、BMC 8个月前后差异无统计学意义。运动组上肢优势侧BMD、BMC和下肢双侧BMD、BMC均较干预前及对照组明显增加（ P＜0．05）,而上肢非优势侧BMD、BMC干预前后差异无统计学意义;对照组上肢非优势侧BMD、BMC均较8个月前及上肢优势侧BMD明显下降（P＜0．05）,而上肢优势侧BMC和下肢双侧BMD、BMC 8个月前后差异无统计学意义。结论：常规运动可显著提高绝经后女性胸椎 BM D和BM C ,而只能维持其腰椎和盆骨的BM D、BM C;上下肢、优势侧与非优势侧活动不均衡可影响相关部位 BM D和BM C的变化。     

双能CT评估骨密度

目的 评价利用双能CT（DECT）测量容积CT值评估骨密度（BMD）的可行性。方法 对11名志愿者采用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量腰椎（L1~L4）及股骨（股骨颈）BMD值;并对所有研究对象进行DECT检查,获得钙值图,测量容积CT值,分析容积CT值与BMD值的相关性。结果 腰椎容积CT值与BMD值呈显著正相关（r=0.82,P<0.001;相关函数为Y=0.004X-0.879,其中Y为BMD值,X为容积CT值）;股骨容积CT值与DXA所测BMD值无明显相关性（P>0.05）。结论 DECT所测腰椎容积CT值与DXA所测BMD值密切相关,可定量反映腰椎BMD变化。     

血清骨钙素水平与绝经后女性2型糖尿病患者骨密度的关系

目的:探讨血清骨钙素水平与绝经后女性2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)患者骨密度(bone minaral density,BMD)间的关系。方法:本研究为回顾性分析,共纳入505例绝经后女性,其中T2DM住院患者305例,非糖尿病对照者200例,采用双能X线骨密度仪(DXA)检测腰椎(第2至第4腰椎)、股骨颈和全髋的BMD,同时检测血清骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)水平。结果:与正常对照组相比,T2DM组患者的血清OC水平显著降低(P<0.05),腰椎、股骨颈、全髋的BMD及体质量指数显著增高(P<0.01)均呈显著负相关;校正年龄、体质量指数和糖尿病病程后,血清OC水平与腰椎及全髋的BMD间仍存在明显的负相关。结论:血清OC水平与绝经后女性T2DM患者腰椎及全髋的BMD密切相关,随着OC水平的升高,BMD呈下降趋势,提示血清OC水平可作为早期筛查绝经后女性T2DM患者骨质疏松的生化指标,结合血清OC水平和BMD能更好地预测绝经后女性T2DM患者的骨质疏松和骨折的风险。     

利维爱对绝经后妇女骨密度及骨代谢指标的影响

目的了解利维爱对绝经后妇女骨密度及骨代谢指标的影响 . 方法将 123例自然绝经后妇女随机分 2组 研究组每日口服利维爱 1.25 mg+ 钙尔奇 D 600 mg, 对照组每日口服钙尔奇 D 600 mg, 观察 12个月 . 用药前后分别检测腰椎 (L 2～ 4)及股骨颈 (NK)骨密度 (BMD)骨代谢指标血清骨钙素 (BGP)和碱性磷酸酶 (AKP)及尿吡啶酚 /肌酐 (Pyr/cr)和钙 /肌酐 (Ca/Cr)比值 . 结果 (1)L 2～ 4、 NK两部位 BMD 研究组治疗后均增加 , 且前者上升有显著性差异 (P< 0.05);对照组均下降无显著性差异 (P >0.05);治疗后 2组间比较有显著性差异 (P< 0.01,P< 0.05). (2)生化指标血 BGP、 AKP及尿 Pyr/Cr、 Ca/Cr 治疗后研究组均上升有显著性差异 (P< 0.01,P< 0.05); 对照组变化无显著性差异 (P >0.05). 结论绝经后妇女每日服用 1.25 mg利维爱加钙尔奇 D可以提高骨量 ; 单用钙尔奇 D不能防止骨丢失 .     

Bone mineral density correlates strongly with basal metabolic rate in postmenopausal women

BACKGROUND: This study investigated the relationships of bone mineral density (BMD) with body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), and fat distribution. METHODS: We measured body mass index (BMI), anthropometrics, and BMD in 345 postmenopausal women and 224 elderly men. Total body fat (TBF), fat distribution, and BMR were assessed using a body composition analyzer. Lumbar spine and proximal femur BMDs were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Lumbar spine BMD was more strongly correlated with BMR (r=0.51, p<0.01) than with lean body mass (r=0.39, p<0.01) and waist hip ratio (r=-0.28, p<0.01) in postmenopausal women. The mean values of BMR in osteoporotic women were significantly lower than those for non-osteoporotic women (p<0.01). The prevalences of osteoporosis at the sites of lumbar spine and proximal femur were 32.1% and 23.3% in the women with BMR<1230 kcal, which were significantly higher than those of osteoporosis (5.4% and 7.7%) at the corresponding sites in the women with BMR> or =1230 kcal (p<0.01). In elderly men, the incidence of osteoporosis at the proximal femur was 29.5% in the subjects with BMR<1390 kcal, significantly higher than that (2.2%) in the subjects with BMR> or =1390 kcal (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: BMR is more closely associated with bone density in elderly persons, at least as compared to TBF, BMI, or lean body mass.     

Pamidronate increases bone mineral density in women with postmenopausal or steroid-induced osteoporosis

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of a cyclic intravenous therapy with pamidronate in patients with postmenopausal or glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. METHODS: We enrolled 86 Austrian female patients with postmenopausal (n = 69, mean age 68.13 +/- 1.14) or glucocorticoid-induced (n = 17, mean age 66.89 +/- 2.03) osteoporosis defined as a T-score of < -2.5 for bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine L1-L4. Patients received a single intravenous dose of 30 mg pamidronate at 3 months intervals. The per cent change in BMD was primary, whereas the safety and the biological response were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Seventy-six female patients (88%) completed study. Sixty patients received pamidronate therapy for the treatment of late postmenopausal osteoporosis and 16 patients received the same treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. At the end of the trial, lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD increased significantly in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (P = 0.000067), whereas in patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis no significant change was observed (P = 0.724). The increase in the Ward's triangle BMD did not reach significance level in postmenopausal women receiving pamidronate (P = 0.0740). However, pamidronate treatment for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis resulted in a significant increase in Ward's triangle BMD (P = 0.0029). The efficacy of pamidronate treatment for postmenopausal osteoporosis was also reflected in a decrease in circulating biochemical markers for bone formation, including alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. In addition, pamidronate was well tolerated with no incidence of severe gastrointestinal events. CONCLUSION: Cyclic intravenous administration of pamidronate is well-tolerated therapy in postmenopausal osteoporosis, and increases spinal BMD. Randomized controlled studies with adequate number of patients are needed to test the efficacy of the compound in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.     

Serum osteopontin levels in relation to bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women

Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in bone cells such as osteoblast and osteocytes and associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. Here, we aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating OPN levels and BMD in postmenopausal women in Southern China. A total of 362 postmenopausal women were consecutively recruited into this study from 2011–2013. Serum levels of OPN, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL), and bone turnover markers were analyzed. BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis and osteopenia were diagnosed according to the World Health Organization criteria. Serum OPN levels were remarkably higher in the osteoporotic group than those in the osteopenic and normal groups (all p?r?=??0.25, p?=?0.004; r?=??0.66, p?r?=??0.28, p?=?0.001; respectively) and positively associated with type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), carboxy-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), and RANKL (r?=?0.20, p?=?0.020; r?=?0.17, p?=?0.036; r?=?0.19, p?=?0.028, respectively) in the osteoporotic group. In multiple regression analyses, lumbar spine BMD, PTH and RANKL were the predictors for serum OPN levels. In conclusion, OPN serum levels are negatively related to BMD and positively correlated with bone turnover levels in this group of Chinese postmenopausal women.