腰穿置管脑脊液持续引流治疗蛛网膜下腔出血的临床观察

目的探讨腰穿置管脑脊液持续引流治疗蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的临床价值。方法引流组28例在内科常规治疗的基础上,用16号硬膜外穿刺针于L3,4间隙穿刺置入硬膜外导管,接一次性输液管及引流袋,持续引流,引流速度1～4(平均3)滴/min,引流量度100～400(平均250)ml/d。引流3～7(平均5、6)d后拔管。对照组32例仅给内科常规治疗。结果引流组在治疗后第3,5,7天脑脊液中红细胞比对照组明显减少(P<0.05,或0.01)。神经功能缺损评分,引流组为8.76±8.24明显优于对照组的15.0±8.53。临床疗效,引流组基本痊愈率(20/28)明显高于对照组(7/32),而病死率引流组为2/28明显低于对照组的7/32;两组基本痊愈率与病死率比较,差异均较显著(P<0.05)。两组并发症相比,引流组也少于对照组。结论持续腰池脑脊液引流治疗SAH,能改善患者预后,是一种治疗SAH的有效,安全和简便的治疗方法。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血介入治疗后早期行脑室联合腰大池引流的应用效果

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)介入治疗后早期行脑室外引流(EVD)联合腰大池引流(LD)的应用效果。方法 选取武警特色医学中心2020-02至2023-02收治的80例aSAH患者,随机分为联合治疗组和对照组,每组40例。两组均行血管介入治疗,24 h内联合治疗组进行EVD联合LD治疗,对照组进行LD治疗;两组均给予常规抗血管痉挛及对症支持治疗。比较引流第1、3、5天两组LD脑脊液中血红蛋白含量、患侧大脑中动脉血流速度。对比两组患者并发症(脑血管痉挛、迟发性脑梗死及脑积水)发生率及出院时国际格拉斯哥预后(GOS)评分。结果 引流第3天及第5天,联合治疗组患者LD脑脊液中血红蛋白量明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。引流第5天联合治疗组大脑中动脉平均流速[(101.4±6.2)cm/s]低于对照组[(118.5±7.5)cm/s],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合治疗组脑血管痉挛、迟发性脑梗死及脑积水等并发症的发生率均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合治疗组出院时GOS评分[(4.32±0.69)分]高于对照组[(...     

腰大池引流治疗外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血临床分析

2009年4月～2010年5月,我科选择典型外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者8例和开颅术后脑水肿、脑膨出患者2例,会同麻醉科医师行持续腰大池外引流治疗,观察临床效果明显,报道如下。     

蛛网膜下腔出血后腰池持续引流防治脑血管痉挛作用的影像学观察

目的　研究实验性蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)后腰池持续引流对脑血管痉挛 (CVS)预防和治疗作用的影像学分析。方法　经皮枕大池 2次注血法建立犬SAH动物模型 ,将 30条健康成年狗随机分为对照组、早期腰穿组、晚期腰穿组、早期引流组和晚期引流组 ,早期腰穿组和晚期腰穿组分别于 2次注血后 2h和第 5天开始隔日行腰穿排放血性脑脊液 ,早期引流组和晚期引流组分别于 2次注血后 2h和第5天实施腰椎蛛网膜下腔置管持续引流。脑血管造影确定CVS程度 (%reductionofbasilararterydiamit er,%RBAD)的变化发展。结果　①与早期腰穿组和对照组相比 ,早期引流组CVS发生例数少 ,痉挛时程短 ,痉挛程度轻。②与晚期腰穿组和对照组相比 ,晚期引流组CVS程度轻 ,时程短。③与晚期引流组相比 ,早期引流组CVS例数少 ,痉挛程度轻。结论　SAH后实施腰池持续引流可以防治CVS ,早期引流可以取得更好的效果。     

腰池持续引流防治蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的作用机制

目的　研究腰池持续引流对蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)后脑血管痉挛 (CVS)的防治作用 ,并进一步探讨引流的作用机制。方法　经皮枕大池 2次注血法建立犬SAH动物模型 ,设立引流组和对照组 ,引流组于第 2次注血后即开始腰椎蛛网膜下腔置管持续引流血性脑脊液 ,动态测定两组脑脊液中红细胞 (RBC)、内皮素 1(ET 1)和一氧化氮 (NO)含量 ,脑血管造影确定脑血管痉挛程度 (%reductionofbasilararterydiamiter,%RBAD)。对两组CVS的影像学结果及脑脊液中RBC、ET 1和NO含量进行对比分析。结果　SAH后引流组CVS例数少 ,痉挛程度轻。引流组脑脊液中红细胞清除速率快 ,ET 1含量显著低于对照组 ,NO含量显著高于对照组。结论　SAH后腰池持续引流通过清除蛛网膜下腔致痉挛物质 ,改变脑脊液中ET 1和NO的含量 ,可以预防和缓解血管痉挛。     

腰大池置管引流对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血疗效评价

目的探讨腰大池置管引流对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)的治疗效果。方法选取自2015年1月至2017年6月辽阳市中心医院收治的因外伤诊断为SAH且经非手术治疗的60例患者为研究对象。将所有患者随机分为A、B两组,每组各30例。在综合性治疗的基础上,A组入院后采取传统的间断腰椎穿刺方法释放血性脑脊液;B组采用腰大池置管引流的方式持续引流脑脊液。在伤后第7天依据患者症状、体征初步记录治疗效果,测定患者脑脊液中溶血磷脂酸(LPA)含量,及时复查头部CT,根据结果判断脑积水的发生情况。结果 B组有效率为83.3%(25/30),高于A组的63.3%(19/30),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组脑脊液LPA含量低于A组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。B组中脑积水发生率为6.7%(2/30),低于A组的26.7%(8/30),两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。发生脑积水患者脑脊液中LPA含量高于未发生脑积水患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经腰大池置管持续引流脑脊液是一种可靠的治疗方式,与传统间断腰椎穿刺放液的方法相比有着诸多的优势。     

脑脊液置换加控制性腰大池引流术治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血疗效观察

蛛网膜下腔出血主要并发症为脑出血、脑血管痉挛、脑积水，我们通过脑脊液置换加控制性腰大池引流术，观察对蛛网膜下腔出血并发症的治疗效果．现报道如下。     

尼莫地平治疗动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血疗效观察

本文作者临床观察了用尼莫地平治疗动脉瘤性上腔出血的３３例病人。尼莫地平的应用方法是通过微量泵静脉注入,最初剂量为０．５ｍｇ／ｈ,每６ｈ增加量,直到达到２ｍｇ／ｈ,维持３周,持续监测动脉压和心电图,入院３个月后统计病人的预后情况。良好５７％,中残１５％,重残１２％,死亡１６％,比过去的文献统计动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的预后明显改善。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的影像学诊断及治疗

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血是最常见的非外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血，早期确诊和及时治疗可以显著降低病残率和死亡率。综述了确定蛛网膜下腔出血和动脉瘤的形态位置的各种影像学方法的优势与不足，总结了影像学判断动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血并发症的作用，对比了手术夹闭和血管内动脉瘤栓塞术的危险性，并归纳了血管内动脉瘤栓塞术的最新进展。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血的反思

颅内动脉瘤本身是一种良性疾病,但其伴发的动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)却严重制约了临床疗效.前期的研究显示脑内大动脉痉挛是导致临床预后不良的关键因素,但近来内皮素A受体拮抗剂的临床实验结果却显示脑内大血管痉挛可能并非关键因素.aSAH的研究重点也因此转向了以微循环障碍、皮质播散性抑制、早期脑损害、血-脑脊液屏障损伤...     

改良式腰椎蛛网膜下腔持续引流术治疗蛛网膜下腔出血疗效分析

目的探索治疗蛛网膜下腔出血新的改良技术和方法。方法选择蛛网膜下腔出血患者60例,治疗组和对照组各30例,治疗组行改良式腰椎蛛网膜下腔持续引流术并鞘内注药治疗,对照组行传统间断腰椎穿刺术并鞘内注药治疗,评价其疗效。结果治疗组颅内压控制平稳,脑膜刺激减轻,减少了并发症和后遗症,效果较好,治疗组明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论采用改良式腰椎蛛网膜下腔持续引流术治疗蛛网膜下腔出血具有明显优势,且疗效显著,是一种较为理想的新技术方法。     

外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血诊断

目的:探讨外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血的诊断。方法:对以外伤后头痛头晕症状明显为主诉,3d内症状无明显缓解的患者92例为研究对象,结合体征及头颅CT检查结果行腰穿检查。结果:头颅CT提示脑皮质点片状高密度影及脑池、脑沟高密度影及可疑脑池、脑沟高密度影患者腰穿结果均证实有蛛网膜下腔出血。头痛头晕症状明显头颅CT检查未见异常患者行腰穿90%证实有蛛网膜下腔出血。结论:无论是否伴有恶心呕吐症状或脑膜刺激征,头颅CT提示脑皮质点片状高密度影及脑池、脑沟高密度影及可疑脑池、脑沟高密度影患者均符合蛛网膜下腔出血的诊断。头痛头晕症状明显头颅CT检查未见异常3d内症状无明显缓解的患者要高度怀疑蛛网膜下腔出血的可能。外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血脑膜刺激征表现可不明显。     

Cost-effectiveness of treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The study goal was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of surgery and endovascular treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms in patients with a history of subarachnoid hemorrhage from a previous aneurysm, incorporating the results of the prospective International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a Markov model, we performed a decision and cost-effectiveness analysis comparing surgery or endovascular treatment with no treatment. Twelve clinical scenarios were defined based on aneurysm size and location. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed for 50- and 40-year-old cohorts. Treatment was considered to be cost-effective at an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio less than $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year. RESULTS: In 50-year-old patients, no treatment was the most cost-effective strategy for aneurysms located in the cavernous carotid artery. For aneurysms less than 7 mm located in the anterior circulation, no treatment was the most cost-effective strategy. Endovascular treatment was the most cost-effective option for 7- to 24-mm aneurysms, whereas surgery was the most cost-effective option for aneurysms of 25 mm or larger. For aneurysms less than 7 mm and located in the posterior circulation, endovascular treatment was the most cost-effective option, whereas surgery was the most cost-effective option for 7- to 12-mm aneurysms. No treatment was the most cost-effective strategy for aneurysms of 13 mm or larger. CONCLUSION: For 50-year-old patients with a history of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, treatment of unruptured aneurysms that are located in the cavernous carotid artery, or small (<7 mm) and located in the anterior circulation, or large (>or=13 mm) and located in the posterior circulation is ineffective or not cost-effective.     

Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by scleroderma-induced aneurysm: a case report

We introduce a 58-year-old woman who suffered from progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS) associated with trigeminal sensory neuropathy for approximately 10 years. She then had a stroke from spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SSAH). Spinal digital subtraction angiography (DSA) revealed two aneurysms and smaller dilations of the afferent vessel that could also be seen by MRI. Three asymptomatic brain infarctions in different vascular regions could be revealed by CCT. The SSAH, ischemic lesions and aneurysms were probably caused by vasculitic affections induced by PSS. Correspondence to: J. Müller     

Computed tomography and subarachnoid hemorrhage

Summary CT scans have been made on 39 of 41 patients who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Blood could be visualized in the cisterns of 18 of 32 examinations performed within five days of the hemorrhage all having aneurysms. Among the other 14 there were three in whom no aneurysm was found on angiography. The distribution of blood in those that showed it was useful in pointing to the position of the aneurysm. Much other information was obtained, for instance about rebleeding and infarction. CT should routinely be the primary examination, followed by selective angiography.