Treatment of traumatic forearm bone loss with Ilizarov ring fixation and bone transport

Bone loss in the forearm results from high-energy trauma or follows non-union with infection. Ilizarov methodology provides stable fixation without implantation of permanent foreign bodies while permitting wrist and elbow movement. We are reporting our experience using distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of traumatic bone loss in the forearm. From 1991 to 2000, 11 consecutive patients with traumatic forearm bone loss were treated with Ilizarov ring fixation. Records were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were contacted 2-10 years after surgery at the Ilizarov Clinic in Lecco, Italy. Eleven atrophic non-unions with bone loss were treated. The time from injury to Ilizarov treatment averaged 2.1 years. Follow-up averaged 6.2 years. The union rate with Ilizarov treatment alone was 64%. Thirty-six percent of the patients were converted to a hypertrophic non-union and underwent compression plating. The overall rate of union was 100%. There were four unplanned reoperations and no refractures, neurovascular injuries or deep infections. Three patients had significant limitations of wrist function. Nine patients described their function as excellent. Ilizarov fixation with bone transport is a viable treatment option for atrophic forearm non-unions with bone loss. Treatment resulted in ablation of infection, healing of atrophic non-unions with minimal complications and early extremity use.     

Ilizarov treatment of tibial nonunions with bone loss

Twenty-five patients aged 19-62 years were treated for tibial nonunions (22 atrophic, three hypertrophic) with bone loss (1-23 cm, mean 6.2 cm) by the Ilizarov technique and fixator. Thirteen had chronic osteomyelitis, 19 had a limb-length discrepancy (2-11 cm), 12 had a bony defect (1-16 cm), and 13 had a deformity. Six had a bone defect with no shortening, 13 had shortening with no defect, and six had both a bone defect and shortening. Nonunion, bone defects, limb shortening, and deformity can all be addressed simultaneously with the Ilizarov apparatus. Bone defects were closed from within without bone grafts by the Ilizarov bone transport technique of sliding a bone fragment internally, producing distraction osteogenesis behind it until the defect is bridged (internal lengthening). Length was reestablished by distraction of a percutaneous corticotomy or through compression and subsequent distraction of the pseudarthrosis site (external lengthening). Distraction osteogenesis resulting from both processes obviated the need for a bone graft in every case. Deformity was corrected by means of hinges on the apparatus. Infection was treated by radical resection of the necrotic bone and internal lengthening to regenerate the excised bone. Union was achieved in all cases. The mean time to union was 13.6 months, but it was only 10.6 months if the time taken for unsuccessful compression-distraction of the nonunion is eliminated from the calculation. The bone results were excellent in 18 cases, good in five, and fair in two based on union in all cases, persistent infection in three, deformity in four, and limb shortening in one. The functional results were excellent in 16 cases, good in seven, fair in one, and poor in one based on return to work and daily activities in all cases, limp in four cases, equinus deformity in five cases, dystrophy in four cases, pain in four cases, and voluntary amputation for neurogenic pain in one case.     

Acute shortening versus bone transport for the treatment of infected femur non-unions with bone defects

BackgroundThe bone transport technique has been a well-known method in the treatment of osteomyelitis of the long bones with large segmental bone defects. However, one of the major drawbacks with this traditional technique is the long-lasting consolidation period, which may entail infectious and non-infectious complications. To overcome this drawback, several techniques were developed, one of which is acute shortening and re-lengthening. The aims of this study were: 1) to present our experience with a new modified technique of acute shortening and re-lengthening using a monolateral external fixator combined with a retrograde intramedullary nail, and 2) to compare its results with the classic Ilizarov bone transport method in the management of infected non-unions of the distal femur with bone loss.MethodsThis retrospective study compared these two techniques. 17 patients were treated using our modified technique of acute shortening and re-lengthening (Group A); 15 patients were treated using segmental bone transport (Group B). The average follow-up was 66 months (range: 24–180) in Group A and 70 months (range: 24–240) in Group B. The mean bone loss was 5.5 cm (range: 3–10) in Group A and 5.9 cm (range: 3–10) in Group B. The primary outcome of the present study was to compare the external fixator time (EFT) and external fixation index (EFI) between the two groups. The bone and functional status were also assessed.ResultsThe mean EFI was lower in Group A (mean: 31.8 days/cm; range: 24–50) than in Group B (mean 48.7 days/cm; range: 40–100) (p = 0.02). The mean EFT was shorter in Group A (mean: 120 days; range: 100–150) than in Group B (mean: 290 days; range: 100–400) (p = 0.0003). With respect to the bone and functional results, no difference was observed.ConclusionsAlthough both techniques could be employed safely in the treatment of infected non-union of the distal femur with size defects ranging between 3 cm and 10 cm, our modified technique of acute shortening and re-lengthening may confer greater patient satisfaction because of shorter EFI.     

Tibial lengthening: technique for speedy lengthening by external fixation and secondary internal fixation

BACKGROUND: The conventional Ilizarov technique for tibial lengthening is frequently time-consuming, causes suffering, and is associated with many complications. This study takes a retrospective approach to investigate the outcome of applying a slightly speedier procedure using an Ilizarov apparatus and secondary internal fixation. METHODS: Twelve adult patients displaying tibial shortening (median, 4.0 cm; mean, 4.6 cm; range, 3.0-12.0 cm) with various causes were treated with or without tibial osteotomy and stabilized using an Ilizarov lengthening apparatus. Postoperatively, lengthening of 1 to 1.5 mm/day was performed until the desired length was achieved. External fixation was then converted to internal fixation and either pure autogenous bone graft, or a mixture of autogenous and allogenous bone graft was supplemented. Postoperatively, protected weight bearing was advised until bony union was achieved. RESULTS: Eleven patients were followed up for a median of 3.4 years (mean, 4.0 years; range, 2.1-6.7 years) and solid union was achieved in all cases. Median external fixation occurred after 1.8 months (mean, 1.9 months; range, 1.2-4.5 months) and the median time until union after internal fixation was 4.5 months (mean, 4.8 months; range, 4-6 months). Two patients with rigid equinus feet required concomitant Achillis tendon lengthening. No other significant complications were noted. Classification of the results revealed that improvement from an unsatisfactory to a satisfactory outcome was achieved in all patients (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The described technique shortens the external fixation period and reduces patient suffering. Moreover, a high union rate and a low complication rate are achieved. Subjectively and objectively, patients can achieve satisfactory outcomes. Consequently, the described technique may be considered as an alternative to conventional techniques when indicated.     

Bone transport versus acute shortening for the management of infected tibial non-unions with bone defects

IntroductionThis study compared bone transport to acute shortening/lengthening in a series of infected tibial segmental defects from 3 to 10 cm in length.MethodsIn a retrospective comparative study 42 patients treated for infected tibial non-union with segmental bone loss measuring between 3 and 10 cm were included. Group A was treated with bone transport and Group B with acute shortening/lengthening. All patients were treated by Ilizarov methods for gradual correction as bi-focal or tri-focal treatment; the treating surgeon selected either transport or acute shortening based on clinical considerations. The principle outcome measure was the external fixation index (EFI); secondary outcome measures included functional and bone results, and complication rates.ResultsThe mean size of the bone defect was 7 cm in Group A, and 5.8 cm in Group B. The mean time in external fixation in Group A was 12.5 months, and in Group B was 10.1 months. The external fixation index (EFI) measured 1.8 months/cm in Group A and 1.7 months/cm in Group B (P = 0.09). Minor complications were 1.2 per patient in the transport group and 0.5 per patient in the acute shortening group (P = 0.00002). Major complications were 1.0 per patient in the transport group versus 0.4 per patient in the acute shortening group (P = 0.0003). Complications with permanent residual effects (sequelae) were 0.5 per patient in the transport group versus 0.3 per patient in the acute shortening group (P = 0.28).ConclusionsWhile both techniques demonstrated excellent results, acute shortening/lengthening demonstrated a lower rate of complications and a slightly better radiographic outcome. Bone grafting of the docking site was often required with both procedures.Level of evidence: Level III; Retrospective comparative study     

Acute shortening and double-level lengthening versus bone transport for the management of large tibial bone defects after trauma and infection

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to present our experience with a new modified Ilizarov technique of acute shortening and double-level lengthening (ASDL) for the management of large tibial bone defects after trauma and infection and compare it with bone transport (BT).MethodsA retrospective comparative study was performed on 47 patients with large tibial defects after trauma and infection from June 2014 to June 2018. Depending on different Ilizarov methods, these patients were divided into ASDL group (n = 21) and BT group (n = 26). The difference in bone lengthening time, time in frame, external fixation index, docking site healing time were recorded and compared between the two groups. Bone and functional results were evaluated according to the Association for the Study and Application of the Method of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria. Complications encountered in both groups were categorized according to the classification of Paley, including problems (treated nonoperatively), obstacles (treated operatively), and sequelae (unresolved at last).ResultsAll patients were followed for at least two years since the lengthening frame was removed. All cases achieved complete union at the docking site and consolidation of the regenerate callus. The mean bone loss was 8.9 cm (range 6.5–16.0 cm) in ASDL group vs. 10.3 cm (range 5.2–18.5 cm) in BT group. The mean bone lengthening time was 2.4 ± 0.7 months in ASDL group vs. 4.1 ± 1.4 months in BT group (p<0.001); time in frame was 9.1 months (range 7.0–14.5 months) in ASDL group vs. 17.7 months (range 13.5–23.0 months) in BT group (p<0.001); and external fixation index was 1.04 months/cm (range 0.83–1.38 months/cm) in ASDL group vs. 1.91 months/cm (range 1.28–2.70 months/cm) in BT group (p<0.001). The incidence of obstacles occurred in ASDL group was significantly lower than that in BT group (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the bone (p = 0.635) and functional results (p = 0.293) between the two groups.ConclusionCompared with bone transport, our modified technique of acute shortening and double-level lengthening could reduce bone lengthening time, time in frame, external fixation index and postoperative complications. It showed better clinical effects in patients with large tibial bone defects after trauma and infection.     

Ten year experience with use of Ilizarov bone transport for tibial defects

Tibial defects greater than 4 cm and secondary to high-energy trauma or debridement for infected nonunion pose a significant challenge to the treating orthopaedic surgeon. Twelve patients who had been treated with Ilizarov bone transport for tibial defects over the past ten years were retrospectively reviewed. All patients were male with an average age of thirty-two. Ten of the twelve limbs were categorized as Grade IIIB fractures initially. The average tibial defect at initiation of bone transport was 9.45 cm (range 4 to 20 cm). The mean external fixator time (EFT) was 16.7 months with a mean external fixator index (EFI) of 2.0 months per centimeter. There were a total of 36 complications. Twenty were minor, fourteen were major without sequelae and two were major with sequelae. Overall bone results were good or excellent in nine patients. Overall functional results were good or excellent in eight patients. Ten patients achieved union after Ilizarov bone transport. Use of Ilizarov bone transport can be an effective tool for treating large tibial defects. However, the treatment time is lengthy with a considerable risk of complications.     

一期短缩二期延长治疗下肢Gustilo ⅢC型开放性骨折的疗效分析

目的:探讨一期短缩二期延长治疗下肢Gustilo ⅢC型开放性骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析武汉市第四医院骨科2010年1月至2018年1月急诊收治的12例下肢Gustilo ⅢC型开放性骨折的患者资料,男8例,女4例;年龄22~67岁,平均41.2岁。所有患者均伴有骨与皮肤软组织缺损,合并下肢神经、血管损伤。软组织缺损...     

Distraction osteogenesis for tibial nonunion with bone loss using combined Ilizarov and Taylor spatial frames versus a conventional circular frame

This retrospective review assesses 55 tibial nonunions with bone loss to compare union achieved with combined Ilizarov and Taylor spatial frames (I–TSF) versus a conventional circular frame with the standard Ilizarov procedure. Seventeen (31 %) of the 55 nonunions were infected. Thirty patients treated with I–TSF were compared with 25 patients treated with a conventional circular frame. In the I–TSF group, an average of 7.6 cm of bone was resected and the lengthening index (treatment time in months divided by lengthening amount in centimeters) was 1.97. In the conventional circular frame group, a mean of 6.5 cm was resected and the lengthening index was 2.1. Consolidation at the docking site and at the regenerate bone occurred in 49 (89 %) of 55 cases after the first procedure. No statistically significant difference was shown between the two groups. Superiority of one modality of treatment over the other cannot be concluded from our data. Application of combined Ilizarov and Taylor spatial frames for bone transport is useful for treatment of tibial nonunion with bone loss. Level of evidence Case series, Level III.     

Treatment of humeral shaft non-unions by the Ilizarov method

Thirty-five humeral shaft non-unions treated by the Ilizarov external fixator were studied after an average of 39 months. Bone union was achieved in all but one. The mean time to union was 5.5 months (range: 3-10 months). Major pin tract problems leading to removal of the Schanz screws occurred in three patients. A radial nerve palsy developed in three patients, two recovered spontaneously and one was treated with a triple tendon transfer.     

Treatment of post-traumatic humeral diaphyseal nonunion with bone loss

Four patients with post-traumatic nonunion and shortening of the humeral diaphysis were treated with a hybrid advanced Ilizarov technique. The mean age of the patients was 32 years, and the mean total amount of humeral shortening was 6.63 cm. Three nonunions were atrophic and infected, and one was hypertrophic. All patients obtained union of the humeral fracture with resolution of infection at a mean external fixation time of 8 months. Restoration of normal humeral length was achieved in two patients, with a third having a residual discrepancy of 1 cm. The final patient, who had an infected nonunion with 11 cm of total humeral shortening, had a residual limb length discrepancy of 3 cm. All had improvement in shoulder and elbow motion after treatment. Superficial pin tract infections were seen in all patients, but all responded to pin-site care and oral antibiotics. Two patients had three refractures after removal of the fixator, two of which were treated by a second application of an Ilizarov frame and one by a cast. All patients had reduced pain and improved function at completion of the treatment. The Ilizarov method, though not a panacea for all humeral nonunions with extensive bone loss, does offer a viable salvage procedure in this unusual and often complex clinical problem.     

Application of rhBMP-7 and platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of long bone non-unions: A prospective randomised clinical study on 120 patients

The purpose of this prospective randomised clinical study was to compare the efficacy of recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 7 (rhBMP-7) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as bone-stimulating agents in the treatment of persistent fracture non-unions.One hundred and twenty patients were randomised into two treatment groups (group rhBMP-7 vs. group PRP). Sixty patients with sixty fracture non-unions were assigned to each group (median age: 44 years, range 19–65, for the rhBMP-7 group and 41 years, range 21–62, for the PRP group, respectively). In the rhBMP-7 group, there were 15 tibial non-unions, 10 femoral, 15 humeral, 12 ulnar, and 8 radial non-unions. In the PRP group, there were 19 tibial non-unions, 8 femoral, 16 humeral, 8 ulnar, and 9 radial non-unions. The median number of operations performed prior to our intervention was 2 (range 1–5) and 2 (range 1–5) with autologous bone graft being used in 23 and 21 cases for the rhBMP-7 and PRP groups, respectively.Both clinical and radiological union occurred in 52 (86.7%) cases of the rhBMP-7 group compared to 41 (68.3%) cases of the PRP group, with a lower median clinical and radiographic healing time observed in the rhBMP-7 group (3.5 months vs. 4 months and 8 months vs. 9 months, respectively). This study supports the view that in the treatment of persistent long bone non-unions, the application of rhBMP-7 as a bone-stimulating agent is superior compared to that of PRP with regard to their clinical and radiological efficacy.     

Ilizarov bone transport for massive tibial bone defects

This article reports the treatment of massive tibial bone defects by bone transport using the Ilizarov external fixator. Fifteen patients were treated using this technique (3 females and 12 males). The defect size ranged between 7 and 22 cm (average: 10.6 cm). Etiology was infected nonunion in 9 patients, nonunion in 5 patients, and recurrent giant-cell tumor in 1 patient. The affected site was the tibial diaphysis in 10 patients, the lower tibial metaphysis in 4, and the upper tibial epiphysis in 1 patient. The external fixation time ranged from 9 months to 17 months (average: 12.27 months). External fixation index ranged from 21.8 to 42.5 day/cm (average: 35.7 day/cm). There was no recurrence of infection, no recurrence of the tumor, nor fractures after frame removal. We had to graft the docking site in 2 patients for delayed union and 2 patients developed equinus deformity and had tenoplasty for the Achilles tendon at the time of frame removal. Four patients had pin tract infection at > or =1 of the wires and this was successfully treated by antibiotic injection at the wire site. This study suggests that Ilizarov bone transport is a reliable method to fill massive bone defects.     

Accordion technique combined with minimally invasive percutaneous decortication for the treatment of bone non-union

BackgroundA variety of approaches have been used to treat oligotrophic or atrophic non-union. Conventional methods are often associated with great operative trauma, increased blood loss, a risk of re-infection, higher medical costs, and complications at the donor site. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of the accordion technique combined with Minimally Invasive Percutaneous Decortication (MIPD) for these types of bone non-union.MethodsFrom January 2010 to December 2015, 20 patients with long bone aseptic non-unions of the lower extremities without bone defects who were treated with the accordion technique combined with MIPD. The limb-length discrepancy (LLD) was less than 2 cm in all patients. None of the patients received autogenous bone grafts during follow-up. All surgeries were performed by the same surgeon, and the modified Application of methods of Ilizarov (ASAMI) criteria were used to evaluate the operative effectiveness.ResultsA total of 20 patients were included in this study, and 1 patient was lost during follow-up. Fifteen of these patients presented with oligotrophic non-unions, and 5 patients presented with atrophic non-unions. The average follow-up period in these patients was 12.1 months (range: 8–42 months). The alternative compression and distraction procedure was repeated 1–3 times. Blood loss was 30 to 250 ml during surgery. Ultimately, bone union was achieved in 19 patients and failed in 1 patient. The fractures healed within 4–8 months (average time: 5.9 months), and fracture healing was considered excellent in 19 patients and poor in 1 patient. Postoperative function was evaluated as excellent in 9 patients, good in 6 patients, fair in 4 patients, and poor in 1 patient.ConclusionThe accordion technique combined with MIPD, which is a simple, minimally invasive procedure that does not require autologous bone grafting, resulted in a high bone union rate and good postoperative function.     

Tibial bone defects treated by internal bone transport using the Ilizarov method

We reviewed 27 cases of tibial bone defects treated by internal bone transport using the Ilizarov method. The causes of the bone defects were open fractures in 14 segments and infected non-unions in 13. The average length of the defects was 8.3 cm (range, 3–20 cm). There were 21 one-level tibial transports, 3 two-level tibial transports, 1 one-level tibial transport with fibular transport, and 2 fibular transports. At the docking site, 25 segments underwent bone grafting. Eleven of the 25 were Papineau-type open cancellous bone grafts. Acute shortening or docking was performed in 10 segments. Bone union was obtained in every instance. The average time of external fixation was 8 months and the average time to union was 7.1 months. Bone grafting at the docking site is recommended in order to shorten the duration of treatment and to prevent refracture and non-union.

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Résumé. Nous avons passé en revue 27 cas de perte de substance du tibia traités par ?transport osseux interne? conformément à la méthode Ilizarov. Ces anormalies provenaient de fractures ouvertes dans 13. La longeur moyenne des defect osseux était de 8,3 cm (entre 3 et 20 cm). On a effectué 21 ?transports tibiaux? de niveau 1, 3 ?transports tibiaux? de niveau 2, 1 ?transport tibial? avec ?transport du péroné?, ainsi que 2 ?transport du péroné?. Dans 25 cas une greffe osseuse a été pratiquée sur le site de réduction. 11 cas des 25 greffes pratiquées étaitent du type Papinau. D’importances réduction ont d?étre effectuées dans 10 cas. Des fusions ont été obtenues dans tous les cas. Le temps moyen de fixation externe était de 8 mois et celui de fusion de 7,1 mois. La greffe osseuse est recommandée sur le site de réduction afin de raccourcir la durée du traitement et de prévenir toute récidive de fracture ou de non-consolidation.

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Accepted: 7 November 1997     

Augmentative Ilizarov external fixation after failure of diaphyseal union with intramedullary nailing

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of the Ilizarov circular fixator and nail retention in treating diaphyseal nonunion following previous intramedullary nailing. DESIGN: Retrospectively reviewed, consecutive series. Mean duration of follow-up after achieving bone union: 19.2 months (range 6 to 33 months). SETTING: A tertiary referral center for nonunion surgery. PATIENTS: Nine patients (two femoral, three tibial, and four humeral nonunions) were included in the study. All patients were referred from other centers after failure to achieve union with intramedullary nailing. Patients who had nonunion with other fixation devices in situ, those with active infection and nonunion following nonoperative treatment, were excluded from the study. The patients had undergone an average of 2.4 operations (range 1 to 5 operations) before application of the Ilizarov fixator. All patients completed the study. INTERVENTION: The circular fixator was used to compress the nonunion site from without, retaining the intramedullary nail in each case. We excluded a patient who had his nonunion site explored followed by bone excision and transport. The mean duration of fixator treatment was 6.2 months (3 to 11 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Clinical and x-ray evidence of bone union, infection, residual deformity, shortening, and assessment of functional outcome. RESULTS: Bone union was achieved in all nine patients using the circular fixator over the nail. The bone results were graded as six excellent, one good, and two fair. All patients reported a reduction in pain and satisfaction with their final outcome. CONCLUSIONS: There is a role for the use of the Ilizarov fixator with nail retention in resistant long bone diaphyseal nonunion in carefully selected patients. This method can achieve high union rates where other treatment methods have failed.     

骨搬移治疗胫骨感染性骨不连

目的分析骨搬移治疗胫骨感染性骨不连的临床疗效。方法2002年10月至2007年10月采用胫骨感染骨端清创、重建外固定支架加压固定及胫骨干骺端截骨骨搬移治疗胫骨感染性骨不连、纠正肢体短缩畸形45例。结果45例胫骨感染均得到一期控制,软组织缺损创面消灭,4例出现钉道感染;44例骨折愈合,1例骨折端再次形成骨不连;39例双下肢长度基本恢复一致,6例仍有1．5～3cm肢体短缩畸形存在,1例因截骨端提前愈合使肢体未能达到预期长度;术后截骨端骨延长2～9cm,平均延长6cm,无血管及神经损伤的症状出现;术后外固定支架固定6～12个月,平均8个月,所有病例延长区新骨组织形成良好。结论采用骨搬移治疗胫骨感染性骨不连,能达到一次手术兼顾控制骨端感染、消灭皮肤创面、骨折端不需植骨达到骨性愈合及均衡肢体长度的临床治疗作用,是治疗胫骨感染性骨不连的理想方法。     

The treatment of infected nonunions and segmental defects of the tibia by the methods of Ilizarov.

Circular external fixation using the Ilizarov apparatus combined with internal bone transport or compression-distraction techniques were used to treat 28 patients with infected nonunions or segmental bone loss of the tibia. There were 22 males and six females with an average age of 34 years (range, 17-58 years). Six of 28 patients had infected tibial nonunions associated with hemicircumferential bone loss. These tibiae were treated by anterior hemicircumferential corticotomy and partial bone fragment internal transport. Fifteen of the remaining 22 patients had an average of 4 cm of segmental bone loss (range, 2-7 cm). Seven patients without shortening or defect had infected nonunions associated with extensive diaphyseal sequestrae. These nonunions were treated by en bloc resection of the diaphyseal shaft and internal bone transport. All patients healed their infected extremities without the addition of cancellous bone graft, microvascular fibular, or soft-tissue grafting. Preoperative shortening was present in 13 of 28 patients. Regenerate new bone formation averaged 6 cm (range, 1.5-22 cm). Postoperative antibiotics were not administered in 21 of 28 patients. In seven patients, antibiotics were given for ten days after en bloc resection of the diaphyseal sequestrae. Equal limb length was maintained in 21 extremities, within 1 cm in five tibiae and less than 3 cm in two tibiae. Functional results were good to excellent in 21, fair in six, and poor in one. The application of Ilizarov techniques to diaphyseal infected nonunions and segmental defects is very encouraging. It may prove to be an excellent technique for future management of resistant diaphyseal infections of bone.     

锁定钢板治疗髓内固定失败致无菌性骨不连

目的 评价锁定钢板治疗因髓内钉固定失败而造成的无菌性骨不连的疗效.方法 2004年1月至2006年12月,因髓内钉固定失败而造成的四肢长骨无菌性骨小连患者38例,男26例,女12例;年龄9-70岁,平均39.2岁;骨不连时间6-84个月,平均16.2个月.按骨不连骨折端形态Judet分类法分型:肥大型9例,营养不良型10例,萎缩型19例,其中15例形成假关节.骨不连的部位:股骨20例,胫骨15例,肱骨3例,其中21例(占55.3%)位于长骨干骺端附近.该组病例均采用锁定钢板固定以及联合骨移植进行治疗.结果 患者均获得随访,随访时间6～20个月,平均11.6个月.骨不连均愈合,愈合时间4～8个月,平均5.3个月.3例(7.9%)出现切口表面感染,经治疗后均痊愈;1例(2.6%)切口延迟愈合;1例(2.6%)出现肢体短缩约2 cm.无一例发生骨折畸形愈合.末次随访时关节活动度较术前显著改善,其中30例(78.9%)功能优良,7例(18.4%)可,1例(2.6%)差.结论 对于髓内钉固定失败而造成的无菌性骨不连,采用锁定钢板进行固定是一种疗效确切的治疗方法,尤其是针对干骺端附近的骨不连.锁定钢板联合骨移植治疗能提供可靠的固定稳定性和骨诱导、骨传导作用.     

外固定支架骨转移技术治疗股骨干骨髓炎大段骨缺损

目的:探讨应用外固定支架骨转移技术治疗股骨干骨髓炎大段骨缺损的临床疗效及优势.方法:2008年8月至2013年12月收治股骨干骨髓炎合并有大段骨缺损病例16例,男11例,女5例;年龄13~62岁,平均42岁;病程2个月~4.5年,平均18个月;骨缺损长度4.5~15 cm,平均7.8 cm.全部病例应用外固定架骨转移技术治疗骨缺损,术后1周开始骨转移,每天1 mm,分4次进行.结果:全部病例均获得随访,时间10~36个月,平均22.5个月.16例中1例患者由于不配合治疗,致治疗失败,后采取截肢术.余15例骨髓炎均得到控制,其中12例骨转移达到Ⅰ期骨愈合,3例骨转移远端不能Ⅰ期愈合予以自体髂骨植骨后达到骨愈合,骨愈合时间5~13个月,平均7.9个月.13例患者双下肢长度基本一致,2例患者有1.5~2.0 cm肢体短缩畸形存在.外固定架拆除时间6~16个月,平均9.3个月.结论:应用外固定支架骨转移技术是治疗股骨干骨髓炎大段骨缺损的有效方法之一,可控制感染,消灭创面,均衡肢体长度.