重视并开展内镜黏膜下剥离术的规范化操作

内镜切除术治疗胃肠道早期肿瘤正日益被接受并开展应用,包括传统的内镜黏膜切除术（EMR）和近年开展的内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）。EMR对于15mm以上的病灶较难做到一次切除,而整块切除标本对病理学评估至关重要,ESD正是应这一要求开展起来的新技术。对局限于黏膜层的病变,ESD并不受其大小的限制,对部分早期胃肠道肿瘤,其可取代传统的手术治疗,但ESD需要相当高的内镜操作技术,术前需要多种方法对病灶进行谨慎、全面的评估,包括范围、浸润深度等,术中、术后还可能出现出血、穿孔等严重的并发症,其发生率远高于EMR。ESD的指征、操作技巧、病理评估等方面还需要不断完善。由于ESD在早期胃肠道肿瘤的治疗上具有很多优点,值得有条件医院的内镜医师予以重视并开展这一技术。     

Novel Biodegradable Stents for Benign Esophageal Strictures Following Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

The application of metallic stents for benign stenosis is limited due to long-term complications. We report here the results of the implantation of a novel biodegradable poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) esophageal stent in two patients with benign esophageal stenosis after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Case 1 was a 64-year-old man who received ESD for an early squamous esophageal cancer in the middle esophagus. The mucosal defect was seven-eighths of the circumference, and the distal margin of the resection scar formed the stenosis. After balloon dilatation, the PLLA esophageal stent was endoscopically placed; for 6 months, he has not experienced any symptoms of re-stenosis. Case 2 consisted of a 62-year-old man who developed an early squamous esophageal cancer in the middle esophagus. The lesion was resected by ESD, and the mucosal defect was seven-eighths of the circumference. The resection scar formed the stenosis, and the PLLA esophageal stent was endoscopically placed. He also has not experienced any symptoms of re-stenosis for 6 months. In conclusion, the PLLA esophageal stent provides a new possibility for the management of benign esophageal strictures after ESD. Due to the biodegradable features of this stent, longer term studies are necessary to investigate the relationship between the expected disappearance of the stent and the patency of the stricture.     

内镜黏膜下剥离术的辅助牵引技巧

内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）作为一种治疗早期消化道肿瘤的方法,具有创伤小、花费低、恢复快、对患者生活质量影响小等优点,且治疗效果和外科手术相当,近年来得到蓬勃发展和广泛应用。手术中如何保持病变组织张力和视野清晰是减少并发症、保证手术安全性和有效性的关键,尤其对于困难ESD治疗更为关键。本文系统回顾ESD各种辅助牵引技术,并总结各自优缺点,以期为临床应用及研究提供借鉴。     

Asystole-induced Bradycardia by Dexmedetomidine during Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Although dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a widely used analgesic and sedative agent for endoscopic procedures, cardiovascular complications, such as bradycardia and hypotension, are frequently experienced. We herein report the first case of asystole-induced bradycardia due to DEX during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). An 81-year-old man without cardiovascular diseases was referred for gastric carcinoma. ESD was started after administering a loading dose of DEX followed by a continuous maintenance infusion of DEX. The patient''s heart rate gradually decreased, and then cardiac arrest occurred. DEX has a risk of cardiac arrest, so bradycardia should not be underestimated during sedation with DEX.     

Intraperitoneal Abscess as a Postoperative Complication of Gastric Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

We herein report a case of intraperitoneal abscess as a postoperative complication of gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). A 70-year-old man who underwent ESD for early gastric cancer sought consultation for abdominal pain on postoperative day 28. Abdominal computed tomography revealed intraperitoneal abscess rupture. He underwent image-guided laparoscopic irrigation. His postoperative course was favorable, and he was discharged after 27 days. Intraoperatively, a white plaque adhering to the gastric wall was surrounded by a large pus volume and suspected to be ESD-associated. We present this case with a literature review of the association between intraperitoneal abscess and ESD.