Antiulcer activity of methanol fraction of Barleria lupulina Lindl. in animal models

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the gastric cytoprotective activity of the methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant Barleria lupulina Lindl (Acanthaceae) in albino rats using various models of ulcers such as drug induced ulcers, restraint ulcers, duodenal ulcers and pylorus ligated ulcers. The effect of the extract on gastric secretion and lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reacting substances TBARS) was also studied in rats. The extract at the tested dose of 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the volume of gastric juice, total acidity and the ulcer index in pylorus ligated rats. It also afforded significant protection against alcohol and indomethacin induced ulcer as well as stress induced ulceration. TBARS in the stomach of indomethacin treated rats was also reduced. In addition, it gave protection against duodenal ulcers. The study suggests that the methanol extract of aerial parts of Barleria lupulina Lindl. has a protective effect against experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers.     

Neuropharmacological profile of Barleria lupulina Lindl. Extract in animal models

Barleria lupulina Lindl. is a popular medicinal plant distributed in mountains of southern and western India. In the present work, the effect of methanolic extract of aerial parts of B. lupulina on CNS activity has been evaluated. The CNS activity was tested in several experimental models, in mice and rats: general behavior, exploratory behavior, muscle relaxant activity, conditioned avoidance response and phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleeping time tests. The aerial parts of the plant B. lupulina was extracted with methanol and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. The methanol extract (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) showed reduction in general behavioral pattern (spontaneous activity, alertness, awareness, pain response and touch response) in a dose dependent manner. The extract was found to produce a significant reduction of the exploratory behavioral profile (Y-maze test, head dip test) and conditioned avoidance response with all the tested doses. The methanolic extract showed significant motor incoordination and muscle relaxant activity. The extract also potentiated phenobarbitone sodium induced sleeping time. Preliminary investigation showed that the methanol extract of B. lupulina has significant psychopharmacological activity.     

假杜鹃中总黄酮的含量测定

目的:建立假杜鹃中总黄酮含量的测定方法,并测定其含量.方法:以硝酸铝、亚硝酸钠及氢氧化钠为显色剂,利用紫外分光光度计测定假杜鹃中总黄酮的含量.结果:最佳检测波长为510 nm,芦丁质量浓度在0.0151-0.30897 mg/mL范围内,吸收度与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为y=11.471x+0.005(r=0.9998),测定的平均回收率为RSD%=0.88%,精密度试验RSD%=0.0247%,重复性试验RSD%=2.79%,稳定性实验RSD%=0.13%.结论:利用紫外分光光度法测定假杜鹃中总黄酮的含量,简便快速且有良好的稳定性、准确性和重现性,可用于药材的质量控制.     

Antiinflammatory and analgesic properties from leaves of Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae)

A decoction from the leaves of Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae), has been evaluated for antiinflammatory and analgesic properties. The dry residue from the decoction of the plant was given orally and it inhibited the carrageenan-induced oedema in rat paw. E. foetidum also showed a topical antiinflammatory effect because it inhibited swelling of mouse ear caused by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). Myeloperoxidase activity (MPO) was also assessed in the inflamed tissue. When the extract was administered topically, the effect was dose-dependent but it was less active when administered orally. Analgesic action was evaluated with chemical (writhing test) and thermal stimuli (hot plate test). The extract induced a potent inhibition of the number of abdominal writhings provoked by acetic acid as the pain stimulus. However, the response in the hot plate-test was less significant. This preliminary study indicated that the decoction from the leaves of E. foetidum exerts an antiinflammatory effect, when administered orally. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The anti-inflammatory effects and the inhibition of neutrophil responsiveness by Barleria lupulina and Clinacanthus nutans extracts

AIM OF THE STUDY: To investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of Barleria lupulina Lindl and Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau extracts using two neutrophil-dependent acute inflammatory models and, in order to elucidate underlying cellular mechanisms, the effects of the extracts on human neutrophil responsiveness was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vivo inflammatory models examined were carrageenan-induced paw oedema and ethyl phenylpropiolate-induced ear oedema in rats. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was assayed as an indicator of neutrophil migration. Human neutrophil functional responsiveness was determined by measuring fMLP-induced chemotaxis, superoxide anion generation (SAG), and release of MPO and elastase. Apoptosis was assessed morphologically and flow-cytometrically. Neutrophil viability was assessed by trypan blue exclusion and MTT cytotoxicity assays. RESULTS: Both extracts induced powerful dose-dependent inhibitory effects in both edema models in rats. Importantly, there was a significant inhibition of MPO activity in the inflamed tissue indicating that the anti-inflammatory effect of the extracts is associated with reduced neutrophil migration. Although both extracts did not affect neutrophil viability or apoptosis, treatment of neutrophils with the extracts concentration-dependently inhibited fMLP-induced chemotaxis, SAG, and MPO and elastase release. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the powerful anti-inflammatory properties of Barleria lupulina Lindl and Clinacanthus nutans (Burm.f.) Lindau extracts are mediated, in part, by inhibition of neutrophil responsiveness.Barleria lupulina Lindl, Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.)Lindau; Oedema formation; Neutrophil responsiveness.     

Antiinflammatory activity of Lonicera japonica

As part of our investigations into new antiinflammatory agents based on plant extracts, the n-butanol (BuOH) fraction of Lonicera japonica was prepared and its antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using several experimental animal models of inflammation. At oral doses of 100–400 mg/kg, the BuOH fraction showed antiinflammatory activity against acute, granulomatic and chronic inflammation models in mice and rats. Although the activity was not potent compared with prednisolone, the results support the traditional use and suggest that this fraction of L. japonica may yield a safe and mild antiinflammatory agent for treating various inflammatory disorders. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiinflammatory, analgesic and free radical scavenging activities of the marine microalgae Chlorella stigmatophora and Phaeodactylum tricornutum

A pharmacological study of hydrosoluble and liposoluble extracts of the marine microalgae Chlorella stigmatophora and Phaeodactylum tricornutum indicated that hydrosoluble components of both species show significant antiinflammatory, analgesic and free radical scavenging activity. These activities were not detected in the liposoluble fractions.     

Antiinflammatory and antioxidant property of saponins of tea [Camellia sinensis (L) O. Kuntze] root extract

Two groups of saponins, TS-1 and TS-2, isolated from tea root extract (TRE) were tested for antiinflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activity. Both TS-1 and TS-2 inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats. The antioxidant activity of these compounds was evaluated using the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. The study indicated that the previously observed antitumour activity of TRE might be mediated through scavenging of free radicals by saponins and their antiinflammatory activity.     

复方玄驹制剂抗炎作用的实验研究

目的 :观察复方玄驹中药制剂的抗炎作用。方法 :采用大鼠实验性关节炎模型 ,观察复方玄驹中药制剂对大鼠佐剂性足肿胀的抑制和治疗作用以及对角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀和大鼠棉球肉芽肿的影响。结果 :复方玄驹中药制剂对各种致炎剂引起的水肿均具有明显的抑制作用。口服 0.2 ,0.4,0.8g·kg^-1的复方玄驹中药制剂对角叉菜胶致大鼠足跖肿胀以及棉球肉芽肿有显著的抑制作用 ,用药后 1h对角叉菜胶致大鼠足肿胀的抑制率均达 25%以上 ,6h的抑制率分别为 23.8% ,22.2% ,39.7%。复方玄驹中药制剂对大鼠佐剂性足肿胀具有显著的预防和治疗作用。结论 :复方玄驹中药制剂对动物炎症模型具有明显的抗炎作用。     

Antioedema and analgesic actions of Diodia scandens extract in rats and mice

An extract of Diodia scandens obtained by petroleum ether extraction of the leaves was screened for pharmacological actions. The extract evinced a marked antiinflammatory effect in rats, causing a dose-related and sustained inhibition of the increase in rat paw circumference caused by subplantar injection of a phlogistic agent. In addition, the extract increased the threshold of pain stimulus in mice. The extract significantly protected rats from aspirin, indomethacin and reserpine induced ulcers. These results revealed that the plant, Diodia scandens has potential medicinal value.     

西红花总苷的药理学研究Ⅰ.对炎症及免疫功能的影响

西红花总苷ig明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠急性耳廓肿胀、醋酸所致小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性增高及蛋清、角叉菜胶所致大鼠足跖肿胀，且有一定的镇痛效应。对正常小鼠的免疫器官重量、非特异性免疫、特异性体液免疫功能无明显影响，但对迟发型变态反应有明显的抑制作用。     

Antiinflammatory effects of Epimedium brevicornum water extract on lipopolysaccharide‐activated RAW264.7 macrophages

Epimedium brevicornum Maxim (Berberidaceae) possesses estrogenic properties. It is one of the most widespread herbal remedies used in Oriental medicine. The present study investigated the effects of Epimedium brevicornum water extract (EB) on proinflammatory mediators secreted from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced RAW264.7 macrophages. EB significantly inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)‐3, IL‐10, IL‐12p40, interferon‐inducible protein‐10, keratinocyte‐derived chemokine, vascular endothelial growth factor, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells at concentrations of 25, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL (p < 0.05). These results suggest that EB has antiinflammatory activity related to its inhibition of NO, cytokine, chemokine and growth factor production in macrophages. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiinflammatory,Antioxidant, and Immunomodulatory Effects of Crocus sativus L. and its Main Constituents

Crocus sativus L. (C. sativus), commonly known as saffron, is used as a food additive, preservative, and medicinal herb. Traditionally, it has been used as an alternative treatment for different diseases. C. sativus' medicinal effects are related to its major constituents like crocins, crocetin, and safranal. According to the literature, C. sativus and its constituents could be considered as an effective treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, coronary artery diseases, asthma, bronchitis, colds, fever, diabetes, and so on. Recently, numerous studies have reported such medicinal properties and found that the underlying mechanisms of action may be mediated by antioxidant, inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. C. sativus enhances the antioxidant capacity and acts as a free radical scavenger. As an antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory agent, it modulates inflammatory mediators, humoral immunity, and cell‐mediated immunity responses. This review highlights in vitro and animal findings regarding antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects of C. sativus and its constituents. Present review found that the C. sativus and its main constituents such as safranal, crocins, and crocetin could be effective against various diseases because of their antioxidant, anti‐inflammation, and immunomodulatory effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiinflammatory,Antioxidant, and Immunological Effects of Carum copticum L. and Some of Its Constituents

Carum copticum L. has been used traditionally for its various therapeutic effects. The plant contains various components such as thymol and carvacrol. Different therapeutic effects such as antifungal, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiparasitic, and antilipidemic were described for the plant and its constituents. Therefore, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunological effects of C. copticum and its constituents, thymol and carvacrol, were discussed in the present review. Previous studies have shown potent antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunological effects for C. copticum and its constituents, thymol and carvacrol. Therefore, the plant and its constituents have therapeutic values in several inflammatory and immunological disorders as well as in the oxidative stress conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities of iridoids fraction from Barleria prionitis Linn

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Barleria prionitis Linn. (Family: Acanthaceae), one of the important Ayurvedic medicinal plant in India, has long been used to treat variety of ailments including swellings, gout, arthritic and rheumatic disorders, nervine and skin diseases, and also acts as immunorestorative.

Aim of the study

The present study was aimed to explore in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory activities of the iridoids fraction i.e. n-butanol fraction of methanol extract from Barleria prionitis aerial parts (IFBp).

Materials and methods

IFBp was studied for in vitro [nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test and neutrophils candidacidal assay] and in vivo immunomodulatory activity on cellular and humoral immune responses to the antigenic challenge by sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) and by neutrophil adhesion test, phagocytic activity and cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. The study comprised the preliminary phytochemical screening, HPTLC standardization and maximum tolerable dose determination of IFBp.

Results

IFBp (50, 100 and 200 μg/ml) significantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased the intracellular killing activity of stimulated neutrophils assayed by in vitro NBT reduction test and neutrophils candidacidal assay. Pretreatment of IFBp (100 and 200 mg/kg; p.o.) evoked a significant increase in percent neutrophils and neutrophils adhesion to nylon fibres. Oral administration of IFBp augmented the humoral immune response to SRBCs, evidenced by increase in antibody titres and dose dependently potentiated the delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction induced by SRBCs in mice. IFBp potentiated significantly (P ≤ 0.01) the macrophage phagocytic activity and ameliorated the red blood cells, total white blood cells and platelets count and haemoglobin concentration, and also restored the myelosuppressive effects induced by cyclophosphamide. The content (% w/w; mean ± SD, n = 3) of main iridoids i.e. shanzhiside methyl ester and barlerin was found to be 21.55 ± 2.40 and 10.03 ± 1.69 in IFBp of BP, respectively.

Conclusion

The present investigation reveals that IFBp is a potent immunostimulant, stimulating both the specific and non-specific immune mechanisms.     

Antiinflammatory Effects and Chemical Constituents of Veronicastrum axillare

Our study aims to ascertain the antiinflammatory activity of Veronicastrum axillare and characterize the bioactive constituents. Antiinflammatory activity of the total extract and different fractions from V. axillare was investigated by employing the xylene‐induced mouse ear edema model. As a result, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed the highest antiinflammatory activity in vivo. From the EtOAc fraction and the inactive dichloromethane fraction, a total of five new compounds, axillasides A–C and axillactones A and B, together with four known compounds, procumboside A, buergeriside C₁, indole‐3‐carboxylic acid and apigenin, were isolated and identified. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their nuclear magnetic resonance data with those reported in the literature. Procumboside A, a major constituent in EtOAc fraction, showed significant antiinflammatory activity in vivo. Further studies revealed that procumboside A was a potent COX‐2 inhibitor, significantly reducing the COX‐2 protein level in lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antiinflammatory effects of a red orange extract in human keratinocytes treated with interferon‐gamma and histamine

Red oranges are an important component of the so‐called Mediterranean diet and they have been used by traditional medicine for their health protective properties, particularly to heal sore throat and cough, suggesting an interesting antiinflammatory activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory activity of a red orange (Citrus sinensis varieties: Moro, Tarocco, Sanguinello) complex (ROC), characterized by high levels of anthocyanins, flavanones, hydroxycinnamic acids and ascorbic acid, on the human keratinocyte line NCTC 2544 exposed to interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and histamine. The expression of immunomodulatory membrane molecules such as inter‐cellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) by Western blot analysis, and the release of chemokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) through ELISA kits, were determined. ICAM‐1 modulates the permanence and activation of T lymphocytes in the epidermis. MCP‐1 is a specific chemoattractant for monocytes and dendritic cells. IL‐8 is important for the recruitment of both neutrophils and T lymphocytes. Addition of ROC at different concentrations together with IFN‐γ and histamine induced a dose‐dependent inhibition of ICAM‐1 expression and MCP‐1 and IL‐8 release. ROC shows interesting antiinflammatory properties in human keratinocyte cells NCTC 2544. This natural complex could have a topical employment and mitigate the consequences of some skin pathologies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

炎毒清胶囊抗炎镇痛解热作用的实验研究

目的：观察炎毒清胶囊的抗炎镇痛解热作用。方法：采用小鼠耳廓肿胀法，大鼠角叉菜胶肿胀法小鼠腹腔致炎法，小鼠扭体法和大鼠酵母致热法。结果：炎毒清胶囊能够明显地抑制二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓炎性肿胀和大鼠角叉菜胶性足肿胀，同时还能明显降低醋酸所致的小鼠腹腔毛细血管通透性，说明炎毒清胶囊有明显的抗炎作用，镇痛实验表明，炎毒清胶囊能够有效地抑制醋酸引起的小鼠扭体反应次数，减轻小鼠的疼痛程度，解热实验证明，炎毒清胶囊对由酵母引起的大鼠体温升高有较好的解热作用。结论：炎毒清胶囊具有较好的解热，抗炎和止痛作用。     

Antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of Ventilago leiocarpa

Two animal experiments models including carrageenin-induced oedema and CCl₄-induced liver injury were investigated to compare and elucidate antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of four fractions (CHCl₃, EtOAc, n-BuOH, H₂O) from the stem bark of Ventilago leiocarpa Benth. The results showed that each fraction displayed both antiinflammatory and hepatoprotective activities. The H₂O fraction (50, 100 mg/kg) was even more effective than indomethacin (10 mg/kg) in reducing carrageenin-induced oedema, and also had the greatest protection against CCl₄-induced liver injury. It significantly lowered the acute increase in sGOT and sGPT levels caused by CCl₄. Histopathological changes such as necrosis, fatty change, ballooning degeneration and inflammatory infiltration of lymphocytes and Kupffer cells around the central veins were also concurrently improved by the treatment with each fraction (50 mg/kg) or the H₂O fraction (100 mg/kg).     

Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity of Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Robson & Strid methanol extract

Plants of the genus Hypericum are widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ailments (including pectic ulcers), burns, swelling, inflammation, anxiety, as well as for bacterial and viral infections. The aerial parts of Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss. subsp. apollinis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Robson & Strid (Guttiferae), a perennial herb growing wild in Greece, were subjected to biological and phytochemical studies. The H. rumeliacum methanol extract showed, on the DPPH test, antioxidant activity (IC(50) = 23.61 microg/mL). The antiinflammatory activity of the extract (70 mg/kg, i.p.), in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rat, was studied. In this experimental model an inhibition of paw oedema, significant from the first to third hour, was observed. The histological examination confirmed resolution of the inflammatory process observed in vivo. Through HPLC analysis of the H. rumeliacum methanol extract, the naphthodianthrones hypericin, pseudohypericin and some polyphenol compounds, such as chlorogenic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin, were identified and quantified. The antioxidant activity of H. rumeliacum could be chiefly related to polyphenol compounds that are well known as the main contributors to the free radical-scavenging effects. The antiinflammatory effect of the methanol extract of the aerial parts could be due to the synergic action both of hypericin and polyphenol compounds.