SARS冠状病毒M蛋白HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位的预测

目的 预测SAR冠状病霉M蛋白的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位。方法 联合应用简单基序法和延展基序法。结果 预的测出4个九肽CTL表位。结论通过对SARS冠状病毒M蛋白抗原CTL表位进行预测，从而为SARS冠状病毒M蛋白CTL表位的实验探测和鉴定提供了线索，为认识CTL介导的细胞免疫机制以及基于CTL表位的疫苗研制提供了基础资料。     

SARS冠状病毒N蛋白HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位的预测

目的 预测SARS冠状病毒N蛋白的HLA—A^*0201限制性CTL表位。方法 用人工神经网络和量化矩阵相结合的方法预测出HLA—A^*0201结合肽，再用蛋白酶体矩阵法从中筛选出CTL表位。结果 预测出了6个九肽CTL表位。结论 通过对SARS冠状病毒N蛋白抗原CTL表位进行预测，从而为SARS冠状病毒N蛋白之CTL表位的实验探测和鉴定提供了线索，为认识SARS冠状病毒的免疫保护和免疫病理机制及疫苗的研制提供了基础资料。     

肿瘤抗原TRAG-3 HLA-A2.1限制性CTL表位的鉴定

目的寻找并鉴定TRAG-3来源的HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位，为临床开展基于TRAG-3表位的特异性免疫治疗奠定基础。方法应用超基序和量化基序方案，预测TRAG-3 HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位。用计算机分子模拟的方法，对预测表位进行分子模拟。用流式细胞仪分析测定各肽与HLA-A2．1分子的结合力。最后，应用HLA-A2．1阳性健康志愿者外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)对其体外诱导的CTL效应进行鉴定。结果应用超基序和量化基序方案，预测出4个候选表位肽，用计算机分子模拟发现其中只有TRAG-3（37-45)不符合HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位的特点。在上述4个九肽中，TRAG-3(58-66)与HLA-A2．1分子的结合力最高。在进一步的CTL诱导实验中，发现TRAG-3(58-66)能够诱导健康志愿者PBMC产生特异性CTL。结论表位预测、计算机分子模拟、结合力分析和体外CTL诱导实验的一致性较好。4种方法一致认为，TRAG-3（58-66）(ILLRDA-GLV)为HLA-A2．1限制性CTL表位。该表位肽可望用于基于TRAG-3抗原多肽疫苗的临床实验。     

肿瘤源性CTL表位研究进展

肿瘤源性MHCⅠ限制的表位肽是肿瘤免疫生物治疗的分子基础。近年来，由于表位肽鉴定的理论和技术的发展，大量的肿瘤源性的表位肽被鉴定出来。本文综述了表位肽鉴定的理论与技术、已鉴定肿瘤表位肽的分类情况及其在肿瘤免疫生物治疗中的应用；并且就表位肽应用存在的问题和可能的解决办法进行讨论。为肿瘤源性的肽表位在肿瘤生物治疗中的应用进行了初步探索。     

应用基因重组病毒表达产物筛选FBL3小鼠白血病肿瘤特异性抗原表位

肿瘤特异性抗原是肿瘤免疫研究的中心课题，众多的研究表明Ｔ细胞在肿瘤免疫中起重要作用，因而寻找Ｔ细胞所识别的肿瘤特异性表位并以此为瘤苗的靶抗原有重要的研究价值。以一系列重组Ｆ－ＭｕＬＶｇａｇ病毒载体，用已建立的ＦＢＬ３－ＣＴＬ克隆筛选，并通过Ｈ－２Ｉ类分子结合实验，精确地测得Ｆ－ＭｕＬＶｇａｇ中一个能被为ＦＢＬ３－ＣＴＬ克隆所识别的表位（ＣＣＬＣＬＴＶＦＬ，ｐ８５～９３）。并以此ｐ８５～９３合成肽免疫动物成功诱导出能识别亲本ＦＢＬ３肿瘤细胞。     

慢性白血病抗原CML28 HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位预测

目的鉴定慢性白血病肿瘤抗原CML28的HIA-A*0201限制性CTL表位。方法 采用超基序和量化基序结合的方法初步预测CM128的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位；利用T2细胞亲合力实验初步验证预测结果。结果 在预测的4个候选CTL表位中，ALVDAGVPM和ALDSDGTLV有较高的亲和力，ALFCGVACA和SLLACCLNA仅有低度亲和力。结论ALVDAGVPM与ALDSDGTLV最有可能是慢性白血病肿瘤抗原CML28的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位。     

骨髓瘤抗原Sp17 HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位预测及初步鉴定

目的鉴定骨髓瘤抗原Sp17的HLA-A＊0201限制性CTL表位。方法采用超基序和量化基序法预测Sp17的HLA-A＊0201限制性CTL表位；用T2细胞亲和力实验和稳定性实验对该表位进行初步鉴定。结果超基序和量化基序法预测得出Sp17抗原的4个CTL表位（LLEGLTREI（19-27）、ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）、KEKEEVAAV（111-119）），亲和力实验结果表明LLEGLTREI（19-27）、ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）有较高亲和力，而KEKEEVAAV（111-119）肽亲和力较低；稳定性实验表明ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）与HLA-A＊0201分子结合稳定性较好。结论ILREQPDNI（27-35）、SLLEKREKT（45-53）有可能是骨髓瘤抗原Sa17 HLA-A＊0201限制件CTL表位。     

HIV-1 Gag抗原HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位预测及改造分析

初步筛选HIV-1 Gag抗原的HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,预测并初步鉴定修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性的变化。采用超基序、蛋白酶解预测等相结合的办法筛选HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,通过氨基酸置换适当修饰,并以T2细胞株测定肽与HLA-A*0201分子的亲和力和稳定性试验来评价修饰后表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性。结果:筛选出3个低亲和性CTL候选表位,经修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间的亲和性均有不同程度的提高。YIYKRWIIL(259-267Y1),YQANFLGKI(429-437Y1)和YTNNPPIPV(249-257Y1)与HLA-A*0201呈高亲和力结合,荧光系数(flurorescene index,FI)分别为2.68、2.54和2.35,同时肽-HLA-A*0201复合物半数解离时间(dissociation complex50,DC50)均大于8h。预测的低亲和力表位经过修饰可能会成为潜在的HLA-A*0201限制性表位。     

抗原NY-BR-1的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位的初步鉴定

目的：鉴定乳腺癌分化肿瘤抗原NY-BR-1的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位。方法：采用量化基序法初步预测NYBR-1的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位；分子动力学方法进一步筛选量化基序法中评分最高的3个表位肽；HLA-A2亲合力鉴定预测的结果。结果：分子动力学和HLA-A2亲合力实验均证明，在量化基序法预测的3个候选CTL表位中，NY-BR-11043-1051与HLA-A2亲合力最佳。结论：NY-BR-11043-1051可能为乳腺癌分化抗原NY-BR-1的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位。     

登革病毒E蛋白抗原表位研究进展

登革病毒是虫媒病毒的Ｂ组的一个成员，其ＲＮＡ编码３种结构蛋白和７种非结构蛋白。研究发现，病毒抗原中既存在有中和性抗原表位，又有免疫增强抗原表位，本文就登革病毒主要抗原Ｅ蛋白的表位研究进展作了综述。     

p210~(bcr-abl)抗原的T细胞表位鉴定及其特异性CTL细胞检测

目的:探讨p210~(bcr-abl)抗原的免疫原性,预测并鉴定该蛋白来源的HLA-A2限制性T细胞表位,并在慢性粒细胞白血病患者中检测其特异性CTL细胞分布.方法:首先利用生物信息学软件预测并选取2个p210~(bcr-abl)来源的表位:~(BCR-ABL)_(642)与~(BCR-ABL)_(926m);T2细胞亲和力实验鉴定短肽与HLA-A2分子的亲和力;然后制备分别锚合这2种表位的可溶性HLA-A2四聚体,流式检测术检测其特异性CTL细胞在CML患者外周血CD8+T细胞中的频率.结果:与健康人群相比,~(BCR-ABL)_(642)和~(BCR-ABL)_(926m)肽表位限制性CTL细胞的频率在CML患者均明显升高(P<0.01);而来自流感病毒短肽的特异性CTL细胞在两个群体中无统计学差异(P>0.05);另外,~(BCR-ABL)_(642)特异性CTL细胞的频率在CML慢性期和急变期之间有统计学差异(P<0.05).结论:所选2种肽表位均具有免疫原性,可建立基于这2种短肽的免疫治疗措施.     

乙型肝炎病毒HBcAg免疫优势CTL表位多肽在HBV转基因小鼠体内的免疫学功能研究

目的 探讨基于乙型肝炎(Hepatitis bvirus ,HBV)核心抗原免疫优势细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(Cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)表位的治疗性多肽抗原组分、结构以及在HBV转基因小鼠体内的免疫学功能。方法 用分子设计的理论和方法，设计基于HBV核心抗原免疫优势性CTL表位、Pre—S2B细胞表位及破伤风类毒素通用TH表位的治疗性多肽疫苗候选分子，经Merri—field固相多肽合成技术合成，经高效液相色谱(HPLC)纯化、鉴定。以HBV转基因小鼠为试验对象，进行体内免疫学功能研究。结果 所设计治疗性多肽分子可在体诱导较强的抗原特异性CD8^ T细胞应答和适度的抗体反应，并抑制HBV特异性抗原的分泌和乙型肝炎病毒复制。结论 提示所设计基于HBV核心抗原免疫优势性CTL表位、Pre-S2 B细胞表位及破伤风类毒素通用TH表位的多肽分子可作为乙型肝炎治疗性多肽疫苗候选分子。     

Ex vivo expanded human CD4+ regulatory NKT cells suppress expansion of tumor antigen-specific CTLs

NKT cells can produce large amounts of both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines and are an important regulatory cell type. To elucidate their role in acquired immunity, we examined the effect of human Valpha24+Vbeta11+ NKT cells or CD1d-specific ligand alpha-galactosylceramide (alphaGalCer) on the in vitro generation of antigen-specific CTLs from PBMCs using autologous MART-1(26-35) peptide-pulsed dendritic cells as stimulators. Flow cytometry using tetramer for MART-1(26-35) peptide revealed that NKT cells have inhibitory effects on CTL generation. Cytokine analysis using cytometric bead array assay and ELISA showed higher IL-4 and IL-10 secretion in the alphaGalCer(+) and/or NKT cell(+) culture setting, whereas IL-13 secretion in the culture was not affected by the presence of alphaGalCer. The CD4+ NKT cell subset seemed to play a major role in this inhibitory effect by secreting large amounts of Th2-type cytokines. Interestingly however, unlike recent reports utilizing mouse models, IL-13 was not a main effector molecule in our human system. Culture with alphaGalCer in the presence of cytokine-neutralizing antibodies for the Th2 cytokines, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10, resulted in enhanced CTL generation, suggesting the dominant role of Th2 cytokines over Th1 cytokines. Thus, CD4+ NKT cells can work as immunoregulatory T cells that suppress anti-tumor immune response and, therefore, NKT cells or alphaGalCer could be used as therapeutic modalities to modulate systemic immune responses, such as autoimmune diseases. Conversely, the use of NKT cells along with anti-Th2 cytokine-neutralizing antibodies or CD4-negative NKT cell subset could enhance the generation of antigen-specific CTLs for adoptive immunotherapy.     

Heat shock protein 90 facilitates formation of the HBV capsid via interacting with the HBV core protein dimers

The mechanism by which host factors contribute to hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid formation during the viral life cycle remains unclear. This study analyzed the interaction between heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), a host factor, and the HBV core protein. Hsp90 was found to bind to HBV core protein dimers, which was then encapsidated into the HBV capsid. Furthermore, activated Hsp90 may facilitate the formation of the human HBV capsid by catalyzing core assembly and reducing the degree of capsid dissociation at various temperatures, both in vitro and in vivo, and when subjected to detergent treatments in vitro. In addition, inhibition or downregulation of Hsp90 reduced HBV production in HepG2.2.15 cells. These results showed that Hsp90 plays an important role in HBV capsid stabilization and HBV formation.     

乙型肝炎病毒抗原表位模拟多肽诱导CTL应答的研究

目的 应用分子设计技术设计治疗性多肽，以探讨基于乙型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis B virus，HBV)核心抗原优势细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(Cytotoxic T lymphocyts，CTL)表位的多肽设计与启动HLA-I限制性HBV特异性CD8^ T细胞应答的关系。方法 合成含HBcAg免疫优势CTL表位、Pre-S2蛋白优势B细胞表位和破伤风类毒素通用TH表位的多肽，并进行HLA-A2^ 人—PBMC体外和Balb／c小鼠体内免疫学功能研究。结果 上述多肽可在体内外诱导CD8^ CTL应答。以棕榈酸为分子内佐剂的Palm-p44可诱导较强的CD8^ CTL应答，与单纯多肽比较不需另加佐剂。结论 脂类分子内佐剂可显著提高多肽的免疫原性；Palm-p44可作为乙型肝炎治疗性多肽疫苗设计较有效的候选分子。     

热休克蛋白70对HBV复制的影响

目的:探讨过表达热休克蛋白70(HSP70)对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制的影响。方法:运用RTq PCR检测HBV复制对HSP70表达的影响及过表达HSP70对HBV 3.5 kb m RNA的影响;运用Western blot法验证HSP70过表达效果及过表达HSP70对HBV核心蛋白的影响;RT-q PCR和Southern blot法分析过表达HSP70对HBV复制中间体的影响;运用双萤光素酶报告系统检测过表达HSP70对HBV启动子活性的影响。结果:HBV复制显著抑制HSP70的m RNA水平。过表达HSP70抑制HBV复制中间体、3.5 kb m RNA以及核心蛋白的表达,同时抑制HBV核心启动子的活性。结论:HBV复制抑制HSP70的表达。过表达HSP70抑制HBV的复制。本研究结果表明,HSP70通过抑制核心启动子的活性抑制HBV的复制。     

HBV subtype as a marker of the clinical course of chronic HBV infection in Japanese patients

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype C is predominant in Japan. However, many HBV subtypes are involved in each genotype, and the clinical manifestations in the patients associated with each subtype remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between HBV subtype and clinical aspects of chronic HBV infection. The subtype of 237 patients with chronic HBV infection, including 74 asymptomatic carriers, was determined. The subtypes of 110 HBV carriers undergoing long-term follow-up management were determined twice to detect subtypic changes. The clinical features of the patients were also studied with regard to presence or absence of subtypic change. The subtypic distribution in the 237 HBV carriers was as follows: subtype adr, 161 (68%); subtype adw, 25 (11%); subtype adwr, 12 (5%); subtype ar, 24 (10%); subtype adyr, 4 (2%); and unclassified, 8 (3%). The proportion of asymptomatic carriers in patients with subtype adw was significantly higher than those in patients with subtype adr (56% vs. 28%, P < 0.05). In addition, the proportion of HCC in patients with subtype adwr was significantly higher than those in patients with subtype adr (25% vs. 6%, P < 0.05). The prevalence of subtype adr in 74 asymptomatic carriers tended to decrease with age (82% in carriers aged < or =35 years vs 43% in those aged > or =61 years, P < 0.05). The subtypic change and the course of chronic HBV infection had no significant correlation. These results suggest that HBV subtypes are associated with the clinical course of chronic HBV infection.     

Myristoylation signal transfer from the large to the middle or the small HBV envelope protein leads to a loss of HDV particles infectivity

A myristate linked to the N-terminus of the large hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope protein was found to be required for infectivity of the hepatitis delta virus (HDV). Myristoylation of the large HBV envelope protein being known as indispensable for HBV infectivity, this result further demonstrates the similarities between the HBV and HDV entry pathways. In addition, the transfer of the N-myristoylation signal from the large to the middle or the small HBV envelope protein led in both cases to a loss of HDV infectivity. Hence, it is suggested that viral entry could depend on a physical link, or a spatial association, between the N-terminal receptor-binding polypeptide of the large protein and the myristoyl anchor linked to glycine-2.     

HBV感染者基因型、HBVDNA、HBV cccDNA、ALT血清水平变化与抗病毒治疗相关性分析

为检测HBV感染者基因型及血清HBV DNA、HBV cccDNA、ALT、HBeAg水平,探讨它们之间相互关系及治疗后与这些指标的相关性,采用PCR荧光定量、基因测序、化学发光、生化分析等方法,分别对收集的202例HBV感染的患者Lamivudine抗病毒治疗前后的血清HBV DNA、HBV cccDNA、 ALT、 HBeAg定量检测及HBV DNA基因分型.结果显示,HBV B型和C型患者的血清 HBV DNA和cccDNA的水平没有显著性差异,HBV cccDNA与HBV DNA的比值也没有显著性差异;HBV B型和C型患者的血清 HBV DNA和cccDNA的水平与ALT有相关性;不管是HBV B型还是C型的患者,HBeAg阳性的患者血清中HBV DNA和cccDNA显著高于HBeAg阴性的患者;但是,C型的患者,HBeAg阳性的患者cccDNA与HBV DNA的比值显著低于HBeAg阴性的患者;治疗后比治疗前除 HBeAg没有显著性差异(P>0.05),HBV DNA、cccDNA、ALT均有显著性差异(P<0.01).感染HBV B型和C型的患者血清 HBV DNA和cccDNA的水平无显著性差异;而C型的患者,HBeAg阳性的患者cccDNA与HBV DNA的比值显著低于HBeAg阴性的患者;HBV DNA基因型、HBV cccDNA、ALT与抗病毒治疗密切相关.     

The influence of HLA alleles and HBV subgenotyes on the outcomes of HBV infections in Northeast China

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has a wide variety of clinical outcomes, it could be spontaneouly recovered and also could develop fulminant liver failure or cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism and HBV (sub)genotypes have been speculated to associate with the outcome of HBV infection because the data obtained from various populations who bear different HLA alleles have shown a HLA polymorphism associated outcome of HBV infection. However, as the most important viral and host genetic factors, the impact of HBV (sub)genotypes in combination with HLA polymorphism on the clinical outcomes of HBV infections remains unclear. To demonstrate the association of HLA allele polymorphism in combination with HBV subgenotypes with the outcome of HBV infection in Northeastern Han Chinese population, a total of 230 HBV-infected individuals (Infection group) were compared to 210 random selected controls (Control group) who are negative for HBV infection for their HLA alleles frequency as well as the associations with the virus infection, clearance and persistence in combination with HBV subgenotypes. Of the 230 HBV-infected subjects, 54 were acute self-limited hepatitis (ASH) with HBV subgenotype C2 (ASH-C2), 144 were chronic hepatitis (CH) with HBV subgenotype C2 and B2 (CH-C2 and CH-B2), and 32 were spontaneously recovered (SR) without subgenotype results. When two groups are compared, the results suggest that B*48, B*51 and DRB1*12 carrier may have a high risk for HBV infection, but B*51 is likely association with spontaneous recovery and DRB1*07, 12 may be implied in viral persistence. HLA-B*15, DRB1*11 and 14 associated with viral clearance in the cases of HBV-C2 infection; HLA-B*54 carriers in chronic group are more sensitive to with the infection of HBV subgenotype B2; HLA-B*07 and DRB1*13 may protect subjects from HBV infection. The data presented a link between HLA polymorphism and HBV pathogenesis and suggested potential therapeutic targets for hepatitis B.