中国东海与黄海海域海洋细菌种类与药物敏感性研究

目的调研我国东海与黄海两大海域海洋细菌种类与分布,分析海洋细菌对抗菌药物的敏感性。方法用无菌海水采样器采集海水进行海洋细菌增菌培养和细菌分离,挑选单个菌落,应用VITEK全自动微生物鉴定仪、API（analyticprodueisINc）微生物鉴定系统和BIOYilCVision检测仪进行细菌鉴定和药敏实验,并对海水进行细菌计数。结果东海海域：采集54份海水样本,分离出各种细菌23种68株,其中弧菌科36株（52．9％）、肠杆菌科21株（30．9％）、非发酵菌9株（13．2％）、屎肠球菌1株（1．5％）、真菌1株（1．5％）。药敏结果显示,在20多种抗菌药物中,弧菌科、肠杆菌科、非发酵菌普遍对亚胺培南、美洛培南、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、左旋氧氟沙星呈高度敏感,敏感性在90％以上,为优选抗生素;而对磺胺甲嗯唑、哌拉西林、头孢呋辛敏感性较低（〈60％）,为慎用或禁用抗生素;其他抗生素的敏感性为60％～90％,可作为备用抗生素。黄海海域：144份海水样本分离出各种细菌24种190株,其中非发酵菌82株（43．2％）、弧菌科78株（41．1％）、肠杆菌科23株（12．1％）、肠球菌5株（2．6％）,真菌2株（1．0％）;药敏结果显示,在20多种抗菌药物中,弧菌科、肠杆菌科、非发酵菌普遍对亚胺培南、美洛培南、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、左旋氧氟沙星呈高度敏感性（〉90％）,为优选抗生素;而对哌拉西林、磺胺甲嚼唑、头孢呋辛敏感性较低（〈60％）,为慎用或禁用抗生素;其他抗生素的敏感性为60％～90％,可作为备用抗生素。在东海海域中分离出热带念株菌,在黄海分离出深红酵母菌和类星形假丝酵母菌。结论本项调查建立了东海和黄海两大海域海洋细菌菌谱及药物敏感性的本底数据库,为海上作业伤、海上意外伤等海洋细菌感染早期防治研究与抗菌药物的选用提供了理论依据。     

中国海域海洋细菌分布特征分析

目的 了解我国海域主要细菌种类及其分布特征.方法 沿舰船航线用海水采样器对海面下1m左右的海水进行取样,行增菌、培养、鉴定及药敏试验.结果 在中国4大海域共采集528份海水样本,获得海洋细菌145种共759株,主要包括弧菌、肠杆菌、非发酵菌、真菌、巴斯德菌、革兰阳性球菌、啮蚀艾肯菌、革兰阳性杆菌和厌氧菌等菌属.其中弧菌占52.9％,弧菌中溶藻弧菌、河流弧菌、副溶血弧菌占75％.4大海域中含量较多的溶藻弧菌、大肠埃希菌和副溶血弧菌分布无差别(P=0.071).对中国4大海域的7种海洋细菌的分布行x2检验,结果显示差异有统计学意义(P=0.0004).渤海革兰阳性球菌分离率较高;啮蚀艾肯菌在黄海的分离率明显高于其他海域;东海以弧菌占绝对优势,占总分离株数的70.8％;南海较其他3大海域分离出较多真菌.各海域特有的海洋菌分布特点是种类多、数目少.自北向南,各海域分离数目最多的菌种分别为粪肠球菌、黄杆菌、沙鱼弧菌和无名假丝酵母.结论 弧菌为中国海域分离率最高的优势细菌,厌氧菌及革兰阳性球菌含量极低.4大海域海洋细菌在分布上存在一定差异.     

海洋细菌长期保存方法研究

目的 比较几种不同的方法长期保存海洋细菌的效果.方法 应用10%脱脂乳、35%甘油肉汤、灭菌滤纸片和鉴定卡分别在-80℃保存海洋细菌,选取保存1、2、5、8年的细菌分别复苏检测其存活率.结果 10%脱脂乳和35%的甘油肉汤对各种菌种的保存效果比较好,保存2年时复苏率为100%,保存8年时间复苏率为98.3%.滤纸片和鉴定卡对海洋细菌的长期保存效果不如脱脂乳和甘油肉汤法.结论 10%脱脂乳和35%甘油肉汤对海洋细菌的长期保存效果较好,可以用于海洋细菌的长期保存.     

新疆巴音布鲁克羊腐蹄病的细菌分离及鉴定

【目的】为了解新疆巴音布鲁克羊坏死杆菌致病性,【方法】2020-2022年采集和静县患病羊腐烂蹄肢部等病理组织样品60份进行病原菌分离鉴定,采用人工感染试验和细菌鉴定仪、高效液相质谱仪分别对其进行致病性检测和细菌鉴定。【结果】巴音布鲁克羊腐蹄病共分离到坏死杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌等3株致病菌,为混合感染。3株菌均可引起小鼠死亡,对小鼠的致死率为46.67%。【结论】新疆和静县巴音布鲁克羊羊群中腐蹄病流行较为普遍,做好圈舍卫生消毒工作,对控制腐蹄病有效。     

中国黄渤海海域海洋细菌种类与药物敏感性分析

目的 调研我国黄海海域海洋细菌种类及对抗菌药物的敏感性.方法 采集黄渤海144份海水样本进行细菌增菌培养和细菌分离,挑选单个菌落应用VITEK全自动微生物鉴定仪(VITEK-AMS)、API微生物鉴定系统和BIOMIC Vision检测仪进行细菌鉴定和药敏测定.结果 从144份海水样本中分离出各种细菌190株,其中弧菌科78株(41.05％)、肠杆菌科23株(12.10％)、非发酵菌82株(43.16％)、肠球菌5株(2.63％),真菌2株(1.05％).药敏结果显示:23种抗菌药物中,海水中的各种细菌普遍对亚胺培南、头孢吡肟、头孢他啶、左旋氧氟沙星和四环素呈较高敏感性(＞90％),为优选抗生素;而对哌拉西林、复方新诺明、头孢呋辛、头孢哌酮与氨苄西林的敏感性较低(＜60％),为慎用或禁用抗生素;其他抗生素的敏感性在60％ ～ 90％范围,可作为备用抗生素.结论 本调查初步建立了黄渤海海域细菌谱和药物敏感性的本底数据库,为海上作业伤、海上意外伤等海洋细菌感染的早期防治研究与抗菌药物的选用提供了理论依据.     

海洋细菌增菌培养方法的研究

目的 探讨理想的海洋细菌增菌培养方法.方法 选择不同种类的增菌培养液对海水中细菌进行增菌培养.结果 碱性蛋白胨水与嗜盐菌增菌液对海水弧菌具有良好的增菌效果,2号营养肉汤适合海水普通细菌的增菌培养,液体沙保氏增菌液能从海水中增菌培养出真菌.结论 海水中弧菌增菌应选用碱性蛋白胨水与嗜盐菌增菌液,增菌普通细菌应选用2号营养肉汤,真菌应选用液体沙保氏增菌液.     

一株产新型大环内酯抗生素海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定

目的 对分离自中国东海30 m深海泥的一株产新型大环内酯抗生素(macrolactin s,MLS)的菌株进行形态、生理生化特性及分子水平的分类学研究.方法 通过细菌培养特征观察,菌株生长条件测定、生理生化指标及全细胞脂肪酸成分分析,并特异性扩增其16S rDNA序列,测序比对及构建系统发育进化树,利用本实验室所建立的抗菌模型评价代谢产物的抗菌活性.结果 该菌株与芽孢杆菌属其他种共享97%～99%的保守序列,其中与解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)的16SrDNA序列保守度高达99.6%.15:1 iso H/13:0 3OH为该菌株的主要脂肪酸组分.结论 该菌株属于芽孢杆菌属,定名为解淀粉芽孢杆菌MS1721株,其所产大环内酯MLS表现出较强的抗菌活性.     

一株产新型大环内酯抗生素海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定

Objective To perform taxonomic studies on a novel macrolactin-producing gram-positive bacterial strain MS1721 isolated from the mud at a depth of 30 m in the East China Sea. Methods Taxonomic studies were conducted based on the phenotypic and BIOLOG analysis, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and blast analysis, and fatty acid components analysis. The antibacterial activity of macrolactin S was determined by evaluation models established in our lab. Results MS1721 strain displayed high similarity with genus Bacillus in similarity values between 97%～99%, in which the nearest neighbor was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with the similarity value of 99.6%. The predominant fatty acid component was 15:1 iso H/13:0 3OH. Conclusions MS1721 strain belongs to the genus Bacillus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MS1721 was proposed as the name for this strain on the basis of the taxonomic data. The second metabolite-macrolactin s produced by this strain exhibited obvious antibacterial activity.     

一株产新型大环内酯抗生素海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定

Objective To perform taxonomic studies on a novel macrolactin-producing gram-positive bacterial strain MS1721 isolated from the mud at a depth of 30 m in the East China Sea. Methods Taxonomic studies were conducted based on the phenotypic and BIOLOG analysis, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and blast analysis, and fatty acid components analysis. The antibacterial activity of macrolactin S was determined by evaluation models established in our lab. Results MS1721 strain displayed high similarity with genus Bacillus in similarity values between 97%～99%, in which the nearest neighbor was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with the similarity value of 99.6%. The predominant fatty acid component was 15:1 iso H/13:0 3OH. Conclusions MS1721 strain belongs to the genus Bacillus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MS1721 was proposed as the name for this strain on the basis of the taxonomic data. The second metabolite-macrolactin s produced by this strain exhibited obvious antibacterial activity.     

一株产新型大环内酯抗生素海洋解淀粉芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定

Objective To perform taxonomic studies on a novel macrolactin-producing gram-positive bacterial strain MS1721 isolated from the mud at a depth of 30 m in the East China Sea. Methods Taxonomic studies were conducted based on the phenotypic and BIOLOG analysis, 16S rDNA gene sequencing and blast analysis, and fatty acid components analysis. The antibacterial activity of macrolactin S was determined by evaluation models established in our lab. Results MS1721 strain displayed high similarity with genus Bacillus in similarity values between 97%～99%, in which the nearest neighbor was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with the similarity value of 99.6%. The predominant fatty acid component was 15:1 iso H/13:0 3OH. Conclusions MS1721 strain belongs to the genus Bacillus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MS1721 was proposed as the name for this strain on the basis of the taxonomic data. The second metabolite-macrolactin s produced by this strain exhibited obvious antibacterial activity.     

Experimental studies on identification of the driver based on STR analysis

Identification of the driver based on STR analysis at a crime scene or following a traffic accident would be of enormous assistance in criminal investigation. We performed STR analysis on samples obtained from parts of a car; the steering wheel, the gear lever, the handbrake lever, the indicator lever and the door handle, with a view to obtaining DNA profiles of the owner and any another person who had driven the car just before sampling. As a result, it was found that a cotton swab is suitable for sample collection and that STR analysis of samples from a car, especially from the entire steering wheel, makes it possible to identify of the driver. We conclude that this method is very useful for crime scene investigation, even when the person who had touched the parts of a car had driven only briefly with bare hands.     

兰州地区1213株细菌培养分析研究

１２１３株细菌培养分析结果表明革兰氏阴性菌有不断上升趋势。在各种细菌的构成比中，肠杆菌科和非发酵菌二者达到５７．７９％；在血液、尿液、胸、腹水和胆汁等临床标本中均以肠杆菌科细菌占优势；在痰、咽拭子、脓及病灶分泌物、前列腺液、脑脊液和穿刺液等标本中以葡萄球菌占优势；在粪便标本中以福氏志贺氏菌占优势，福氏志贺氏菌亚型以２ａ、１ｂ、２ｂ、ｌａ型所占比例较大。条件致病菌逐渐转化为常见菌，混合感染也占有一定比例，应引起足够的重视。     

锦州近海海域放射性活度及海生物所致居民的内剂量

本文报道了1988年～1989年锦州近海的海水、海底质和海生物中总α总β, ⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs, ^6Oco, ¹⁰⁶Ru、²³²Th、²²⁶Ra的放射性活度。在海水和海生物中⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs稍有增加, 说明海洋环境可能受到了切尔诺贝利事故泄漏物的污染。     

我国携带KPC基因耐药菌流行现况分析

目的 分析我国产肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯酶(KPC)阳性菌的流行病学特征,探讨我国携带KPC阳性菌流行特征及耐药机制.方法 收集2009～2015年报道我国blaKPC研究文献,对KPC阳性菌株种类与地区分布、感染来源、耐药谱和转移机制进行流行病学分析.结果 我国共有21个省市报道blaKPc阳性菌株,其中浙江最多,占43.51％(P＜0.01);阳性菌以肺炎克雷伯菌最多,占87.86(P＜0.01);感染阳性菌的患者男性居多(P＜0.05);患者所在科室以ICU病区最多,占70.51％(P＜0.01);痰液标本分离blaKPC阳性菌最多,占45.62％(P＜0.01);blaKPC阳性菌对头孢菌素类、碳青霉烯类、氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药率普遍较高,对多黏菌素、替加环素的耐药率较低;产KPC-2酶或合并多种β-内酰胺酶和外膜蛋白缺失是导致碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药的重要原因.结论 携带KPC基因的耐药菌感染已成为全球性的公共卫生问题,需要深入研究其发生发展规律.