甲状腺素及其调节激素与神经系统疾病

甲状腺素、促甲状腺素及促甲状腺素释放激素在神经系统有广泛的受体分布，对脑发育有重要作用，并参与多种神经系统疾病发病过程。本文综述有关甲状腺素及其调节激素对神经系统疾病的作用机制的研究进展，介绍有关治疗方法。     

麻风患者血清游离甲状腺素的放射免疫分析

麻风患者血清游离甲状腺素的放射免疫分析何浩明，孙习俊，苏彩女，兰义和，田小平，金同敬我们测定过麻风患者血清ＴＴ３和ＴＴ４含量的改变，而患者血清ＦＴ３、ＦＴ４含量变化的报告少见，为此，我们应用ＲＩＡ测定了３８例麻风患者血清游离甲状腺素的含量，并对其临床...     

甲状腺素对胃腺癌细胞VLDL-R选择性剪接的影响

目的探讨甲状腺素对低分化胃腺癌细胞MKN45细胞中极低密度脂蛋白受体(VLDL-R)选择性剪接的影响。方法在体外,用一定浓度的甲状腺素与MKN45细胞温育不同时间后,采用RT-PCR和Western印迹技术检测两型VLDL-R mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平,以两型受体的比值间接反映甲状腺素对VLDL-R选择性剪接的影响。结果甲状腺素可明显上调两型VLDL-R的表达,Ⅱ型受体与Ⅰ型受体mRNA的比值随时间延长逐渐增大。结论甲状腺素可显著增强VLDL-R的选择性剪接,表现为Ⅱ型受体表达的增高幅度明显大于Ⅰ型受体。     

心理应激后大鼠腺垂体促甲状腺素细胞的定量观察

目的　探讨心理应激对腺垂体促甲状腺素细胞的影响。方法　采用心理应激模型 ,并在不同应激条件下对大鼠腺垂体促甲状腺素细胞进行免疫组织化学和电镜观察 ,并用体视学公式作定量分析。结果　应激大鼠促甲状腺素细胞体积密度 (Vv)和数密度 (Nv)的值均低于正常对照组 ,且在不同应激条件的A、B、C三组存在显著差别。结论　心理应激可不同程度地抑制大鼠腺垂体促甲状腺素细胞合成和分泌促甲状腺素。     

促甲状腺素释放激素对小鼠脾细胞产生细胞因子的影响

观察促甲状腺素释放激素在体内和体外对小鼠脾细胞产生ＩＮＦ和ＩＬ－２的影响。结果表明，正常小鼠每天腹腔注射ＴＲＨ０．２μＧ／只，共１０ｄ，其脾细胞受ＣｏｎＡ刺激产生的ＩＮＦ和Ｉ Ｌ－２产量无显著增高，对氢化可的松处理的免疫抑制小鼠，加用以上剂量，ＴＲＨ后，其脾细胞产生ＩＮＦ和ＩＬ－２的能力明显提高。     

24例先天愚型病患儿的免疫功能甲状腺素及微量元素测定

２４例先天愚型病患儿的免疫功能甲状腺素及微量元素测定李文权王聪灵董玉斌轩振宇先天愚型（２１－三体综合征）是最常见的染色体疾病之一。我们于１９９１年１月至１９９４年８月对２４例先天愚型患儿从免疫、甲状腺素及微量元素方面进行了检测，现报告如下。１临床资料...     

游离甲状腺素化学发光免疫分析方法的建立

目的 采用二抗-甲状腺素抗体固相两步包被法,使用鲁米诺-双氧水-辣根过氧化物酶化学发光体系作为检测体系,建立测定血清中游离甲状腺素的化学发光免疫分析方法.方法 利用竞争法建立游离甲状腺素的检测体系,分别对该体系进行分析性能评估、2016年度内分泌室间质评,并与进口全自动发光试剂盒检测结果进行一致性检验.结果在4~64pmol/L的校准曲线范围内相关系数0.9995,最低检出限为0.54pmol/L,批内和批间精密度均小于7.0%,稳定性结果良好,不影响检测结果.2016年全国室间质评测定结果均在允许范围内,与进口西门子发光试剂盒有很好的临床符合性,两种试剂盒的样本测值差异不具有统计学意义.结论 本方法利用二抗-甲状腺素抗体固相两步包被法,在节约包被原料的同时改善了精密度且提高了灵敏度,最后通过临床血样的一致性评价,与参比试剂盒具有同等的临床使用价值.     

左旋甲状腺素片对亚临床甲减患儿智力影响作用观察

目的观察左旋甲状腺素片对亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患儿智力的影响.方法对到内分泌及儿科门诊就诊的16例亚临床甲状腺功能减退症患儿进行临床资料分析,行甲状腺功能(FT3、FT4、TsH)测定、运用中国韦氏儿童智力量表(C-WISC)检测,16名患儿随机分为对照组和左旋甲状腺素片治疗组,干预半年后重复上述检测.结果替代治疗组与对照组C-WISC分值无统计学差异.结论左旋甲状腺素片替代治疗不能改善SCH患儿的智力水平.     

上海部分地区健康人群血清促甲状腺素受体抗体参考区间的建立

目的 建立上海部分地区健康人群血清促甲状腺素受体抗体(thyrotrophin receptor antibody,TRAb)的参考区间.方法 选择上海部分地区的健康人群1468名.采用电化学发光法检测促甲状腺素受体抗体水平,SPSS19.0软件对检测结果进行分析,获得上下限,中位数,百分位数.结果 1468名健康人血清促甲状腺素受体抗体呈偏态分布,采用百分位数法(95％分布区间)确定参考区间.男性与女性各年龄组血清促甲状腺素受体抗体之间水平差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05),可建立统一参考区间(0.30 ～0.82IU/L).结论 建立适合本地区健康人群的促甲状腺素受体抗体参考区间.     

大剂量甲状腺素对大鼠膈肌影响的实验研究

本文采用光镜SDH组织化学方法,透射电镜技术,显微图像分析技术。对给予甲状腺素后大鼠膈肌肌纤维的改变进行了定性和定量的研究。结果发现膈肌三型肌纤维出现不同程度的肌纤维萎缩,SDH活性减弱,含量减少,线粒体肿胀,空泡变性。本研究为甲亢肌病提供了形态学基础,并为甲亢肌病的发病机理提供了有益的参考。     

Adaptations in skeletal muscle capillarity following changes in oxygen supply and changes in oxygen demands

Summary The effects of changes in oxygen supply and oxygen demands on fiber cross-sectional areas, capillary dersities and capillary to fiber ratios were determined in three skeletal muscles of rat. The muscles examined were the vastus lateralis, soleus, and diaphragm. Reduced oxygen supply was produced by subjecting rats to ambient hypoxia, and increased oxygen demands were produced by subjecting rats to low ambient temperatures or treatment with thyroxin. Capillaries were visualized by injecting fluorescent dyes into the circulation. Muscles were quick frozen at resting lengths to preserve normal fiber geometry and were subsequently sectioned on a cryostat. All of the muscles sampled from animals in the experimental groups had elevated capillary densities. However, capillary to fiber ratios were not increased significantly in any muscle, for any experimental condition. Thus, all of the observed differences in capillarity were due to changes in the intrinsic rate of muscle fiber growth. Further, the relations of capillary density and capillary to fiber ratio to fiber area were the same as those obtained during normal maturation, suggesting that capillary growth is closely linked to the intrinsic rate of fiber growth.     

Humoral and neurohormonal aspects of blood pressure regulation: Focus on angiotensin

Summary TSH, T₃ and T₄ response to stimulation with thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) has been investigated in 24 young healthy adults after intravenous injection and in 25 young healthy adults upon oral application of 40 mg of TRH. After intravenous injection the TSH concentration raises from a mean of 1.6 to a mean maximum of 11.7µU/ml. A statistically significant sex difference could not be found. T₃ shows a statistically significant increase which is however too small to be of diagnostic value in an individual test.After oral stimulation with 40 mg of TRH, TSH rises to a slightly higher maximum of 13.2 µU/ml after 3 h. The T₃ increase from 1.5 to 2.19 ng/ml is significant and considerably higher than after intravenous stimulation. The thyroxin increase is statistically significant.The present results compare well with previously published data for intravenous stimulation. The oral route of TRH application has not yet been widely used and the present series establishes the normal response in young healthy adults.Repetitive stimulation with three times 40 mg of TRH leads to a decrease in TSH stimulation which reaches 5.8 µU/ml 3 h after the third dose. This is in contrast to a comparable increase in plasma T₃.     

The Role of the Serotoninergic System in the Regulation of Thyroid Function in Old Rats

The effect of serotoninotropic substances with positive and negative effects on serum concentrations of thyrotropic hormone, total triiodothyronine, and total thyroxin was studied in old male rats. Chronic treatment with L-tryptophan and citalopram reduced serum level of total thyroxin in old intact animals and serum concentration of thyrotropic hormone in old thyrectomied rats. DL-p-chlorophenylalanine increased the serum concentrations of total thyroxin in old intact rats and in thyroidectomied animals treated with triiodothyronine. Chronic methysergide therapy was associated with reduction of serum concentration of thyrotropic hormone in old intact and old thyroidectomied rats and of total triiodothyronine in old intact animals.     

Thyroid Hormone Deficiency Determines Predisposition to Catalepsy in Rats

The role of thyroid hormones in predisposition to cataleptic reaction was investigated. GC rats with genetic predisposition to catalepsy were characterized by decreased serum thyroxin content in comparison with Wistar rats. Thyroidectomy even more reduced the blood concentration of thyroxin in GC rats 30 days postoperation and augmented predisposition to catalepsy in both rat strains.     

Method of electrophrenic respiration for producing a natural respiratory flow rate using feedback control of tidal volume waveform

A feedback system controlling the tidal volume waveform to avoid producing a high flow rate was designed and assembled on the basis of experimental results in dogs. The static and dynamic characteristics of the tidal volume produced by electrical stimulation were obtained from responses to step inputs of various amplitudes. The static characteristics were approximated by a linear model with a threshold and saturation; the dynamic characteristics were expressed in terms of a time constant and dead time. Both characteristics varied from −20% to +20%, depending on the experimental conditions and/or individual differences. The feedback control system consisted of a proportional + integral + derivative controller, a bias circuit and a controlled system. High gains of the system produced sustained oscillations whose frequencies were in good agreement with predictions derived from analogue computer simulation. The system had a small steady-state error and a fairly rapid transient response.     

On the cholinergic reactions and sympathoadrenal activity associated with experimental hyperthyroidism in white rats

Summary As demonstrated by this work, thyroxin given in low doses (0.007 mg/100 g of weight) augmented the cholinergic reactions-intensified the negative chrono-and dromotropic effect of acetylcholine and especially of proserine. Threshold doses of proserine become fatal in these conditions. Against the low doses of thyroxin, adrenalin and ephedrine produce a vagal effect-a negative chronotropic effect. High doses of thyroxin (160–220 mg/100 g of weight) caused a rise in sympathicoadrenal activity (tachycardia, shortening of P-Q, QRST intervals, tachypnea, and loss of weight); cholinergic reactions in these conditions are also intensified as compared to control tests but not to such an extent as after low thyroxin doses. The role of increased cholinergic activity as a condition provoking intensification of sympathoadrenal reactions in hyperthyroidism is suggested.(Presented by Active Member of the Akad. Med. Nauk SSSR V. V. Zakusov) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 55, No. 4, pp. 61–65, August, 1963     

基于Ansoft的台式磁共振成像仪双平面梯度线圈的有限元分析

目的：采用Ansofl软件对台式磁共振双平面梯度线圈进行磁场分析和模拟仿真,为梯度线圈的设许和制作提供技术支持。方法：采用设计梯度线圈时得到的线圈绕线中的点数据,设计梯度线圈的Ansoft三维模型．并修改模型设计过程中出现的一些不理想的点数据;设计梯度线圈模型的各种参数,待系统自检成功后,进行梯度线圈的模拟仿真和结果分析。结果：通过三维Ansoft线圈模型的制作、后处理和模拟仿真分析,得到了均匀性很好的纵向梯度磁场和横向梯度磁场模拟图,梯度线圈能够产生具有良好均匀性和线性度的梯度磁场分布。结论：通过梯度线圈的三维Ansoff磁场模拟仿真,可以为梯度线圈的设计和制作提供-定的支持和参考,更好的优化、设计和制作高性能的双平面梯度线圈。     

Disorders of the thyroid gland in neonates and youth: latent hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

Etiology and clinical manifestation of subclinical hypothyroidism is different in neonates and in young. In the neonatal period babies present with jaundice and/or constipation due to thyroid hypoplasia, thyroid ectopia or transient hypothyroidism. The main reason for subclinical hypothyroidism in the youth is Hashimoto thyroiditis. Indication for thyroxin therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism is discussed controversial in the literature. For best growing and maturation in childhood thyroxin therapy should be given. Subclinical hyperthyroidism is rare in childhood. The main reasons are Graves' disease or Hashimoto thyroiditis (initial period). The therapy of subclinical hyperthyroidism is the same as in overt hyperthyroidism.     

Effects of pinealectomy and melatonin administration on thyroid follicles of blind Syrian hamsters

Since previous studies have shown that an active pineal gland exerts an inhibitory effect on circulating levels of thyroxin in the Syrian hamster, a study was conducted to determine whether the histology and ultrastructure of the thyroid gland supported the conclusions drawn from the hormone data. The ultrastructure of thyroid glands of blinded male Syrian hamsters was compared to that of intact controls kept under a 14L/10D photoperiod, to that of blinded hamsters also pinealectomized, and to that of blinded hamsters receiving 80 micrograms/ml of melatonin in the drinking water. Serum thyroxin (T4) and serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. After 10 weeks serum thyroxin concentrations were less than 50% of controls and concentrations were significantly reduced. EM examination revealed that blinded hamsters had an increased number of follicular cells with flattened epithelium and nondilated endoplasmic reticulum compared to intact controls. In blinded hamsters that were pinealectomized or treated with melatonin in the drinking water, the ultrastructure of the thyroid was not different from controls and serum thyroxin concentrations were restored to near normal. These ultrastructural data support the conclusion that the pineal gland is required to obtain inhibition of the pituitary-thyroid axis in blinded hamsters and that melatonin has a counter-inhibitory effect when administered via the drinking water.     

Evaluation of the diagnostic power of 3 methods for assaying free T4. Results in the diagnostic strategy of hyperthyroidism

The free thyroxin (FT4) tests of Amersham, Clinical Assay and Corning Medical were evaluated in 240 patients who were suspected of hyperthyroidism. The diagnostic performances of the Corning method were of less value while those of the other methods were equivalent to that obtained with the free thyroxin index for an average cost reduced. Furthermore our results show that T3 determination is better than T4 determination in patients who remained doubtful after FT4. However the development of ultra-short methods of measurement of total thyroid hormone blood levels using fluorescence polarization could lead to reconsider the diagnostic strategy of hyperthyroidism.