缺氧不同时间对人胚肺成纤维细胞RHO/RHO激酶信号通路及CTGF表达的影响

目的 观察不同时点低氧条件下,对人胚肺成纤维细胞(MRC-5)RHC)/RHO激酶信号通路、结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)表达及工型胶原(Col Ⅰ)合成的影响并探讨其可能机制.方法 以MRC-5为研究对象,在常氧和缺氧(37℃、5%CO2、2%O2、93%N2)条件下分别孵育MRC-5细胞0、1.5、3、6、12、24、48、60 h,用Western blot法检测低氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、RhoA、ROCK1、CTGF蛋白的表达;RT-PCR技术检测HIF-1α、ROCK1、CTGF及Col Ⅰ mRNA的表达;ELISA法测定细胞上清Col Ⅰ的表达.结果 ①体外培养的MRC-5细胞在常氧条件下表达基础水平的RhoA、ROCK1、CTGF,在低氧条件下RhoA、ROCK1、CTGF的蛋白表达水平增强(P<0.01),具有时间依赖性,以60 h表达最高,且在低氧条件下,不同时点MRC-5细胞的RhoA、ROCK1蛋白表达水平与CTGF蛋白表达水平呈正相关关系.②与常氧对照组比较,低氧作用1.5 h后即出现ROCK1、C7GF、Col Ⅰ mRNA的表达上调(P<0.01),并随着低氧作用时间延长而逐渐增强,以60 h表达最高;③与常氧对照组比,在低氧条件下,不同时点MRC-5细胞分泌Col Ⅰ均增加,以24 h最高.结论 缺氧不同时间均可上调细胞CTGF在mRNA和蛋白水平的表达、增加Col Ⅰ的合成,其机制可能部分是通过激活RHO/RHO激酶信号通路及上调HIF-1α的表达促发CTGF的高表达进而引发肺成纤维细胞细胞外基质表达增加等一系列促纤维化反应.     

CTGF-siRNA对低氧诱导肺成纤维细胞胶原合成的影响

目的 观察针对结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)的小干扰RNA(siRNA)对低氧诱导的人肺成纤维细胞胶原合成的影响.方法 应用siRNA表达载体介导的RNA干扰(RNAi)技术,将CTGF-siRNA表达质粒稳定转染人肺成纤维细胞MRC-5, 并将人肺成纤维细胞在低氧条件下(37 ℃, 5%CO2, 1%O2)培养1、2、4、6及12 h.采用定量PCR法测定CTGF及Ⅰ型胶原基因表达,并应用Western blot 法检测CTGF及Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达变化.结果 低氧培养1 h后,人肺成纤维细胞即可刺激诱导CTGF mRNA表达,其升高水平可持续至6 h.而在CTGF-siRNA表达质粒稳定转染的MRC-5细胞内,低氧诱导的CTGF、Ⅰ型胶原基因及蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05).结论 针对CTGF的siRNA在体外可明显抑制低氧诱导的MRC-5肺成纤维细胞的胶原合成.     

苦参碱对常氧及低氧下人肺成纤维细胞增殖、结缔组织生长因子和低氧诱导因子1α表达的影响

目的研究不同浓度苦参碱对常氧及低氧下人肺成纤维细胞株MRC-5的增殖及结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、低氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)表达的影响。方法采用MRC-5常规体外培养传代,细胞培养至80%融合时,将细胞分组,分别在常氧(21%O2,74%N2,5%CO2)及低氧(1%O2,94%N2,5%CO2)下采用不同浓度苦参碱(终浓度0～3.2mmol/L)干预24h。按培养条件不同分为8组:常氧组(N0组)、常氧+苦参碱0.2mmol/L组(N0.2组)、常氧+苦参碱0.4mmol/L组(N0.4组)、常氧+苦参碱0.8mmol/L组(N0.8组)、低氧组(H0组)、低氧+苦参碱0.2mmol/L组(H0.2组)、低氧+苦参碱0.4mmol/L组(H0.4组)和低氧+苦参碱0.8mmol/L组(H0.8组)。采用四氮甲基唑蓝比色法(MTT法)检测细胞活性,采用Westernblot法检测细胞CTGF、HIF-1α蛋白表达情况。结果低氧对各组细胞增殖有促进作用(P0.05);苦参碱对常氧及低氧下细胞增殖有抑制作用(P0.05),具有浓度依赖性。CTGF、HIF-1α在常氧下有低水平表达,低氧下表达明显增强(P0.01);苦参碱对常氧及低氧下CTGF、HIF-1α的表达均有抑制作用(P0.05)。结论苦参碱对常氧及低氧下培养的MRC-5细胞增殖有抑制作用,对细胞CTGF和HIF-1α表达有抑制作用,且具有一定浓度依赖性。     

百草枯对人胚肺成纤维细胞CTGF表达的影响

目的：探讨百草枯中毒对人胚肺成纤维细胞表达结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）的影响,进一步阐明百草枯致中毒性肺纤维化的发病机理。方法：体外培养人胚肺成纤维细胞（MRC-5）,通过ELISA法检测经过百草枯处理后的细胞CTGF的表达情况。结果：正常MRC-5细胞分泌少量CTGF ,经过不同浓度百草枯处理后的人胚肺成纤维细胞48～72h细胞CTGF浓度随时间变化而明显增加（P＜0．05）,在72h CTGF浓度有大幅度的提高。结论：百草枯中毒后人胚肺成纤维细胞表达CTGF明显上调,明显高于正常细胞,提示在百草枯中毒后肺成纤维细胞CTGF表达增加,进而导致肺纤维化。     

Rho/ROCK信号转导通路在哮喘大鼠气道重塑中的作用及干预

目的 观察法舒地尔对慢性哮喘大鼠镜下气道重塑改变及肺组织RhoA和ROCKⅠ表达的影响,探讨Rho/ROCK信号转导通路在哮喘气道重塑中的作用。方法 雄性SD大鼠分为3组,建立慢性哮喘大鼠型,统计支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中细胞计数,观察肺组织病理及超微结构的变化,测定肺内支气管壁厚度（WTt）和支气管平滑肌厚度（WTm）,免疫组化法和real-timePCR法分别检测肺组织中RhoA及ROCKⅠ表达情况。结果（1）哮喘组BALF中细胞总数、嗜酸性粒细胞占细胞总数百分比均明显高于正常对照组（均P＜0.01）;法舒地尔干预后明显抑制炎症细胞浸润,该组BALF中细胞总数较哮喘组不同程度降低（P＜0.01）。（2）哮喘组肺组织镜下可见明显炎症性和结构性病理变化,法舒地尔组肺组织炎症反应及重塑改变较哮喘组改善。（3）哮喘组WTt和WTm较正常对照组明显增加（均P＜0.01）,法舒地尔组WTt和WTm较哮喘组明显降低（均P＜0.01）。（4）哮喘组大鼠肺组织RhoA和ROCKⅠ蛋白和mRNA的表达水平明显高于正常对照组（均P＜0.01）,法舒地尔组明显低于哮喘组（均P＜0.01）。（5）WTt、WTm均与大鼠肺组织中ROCKⅠ蛋白水平呈明显正相关（r=0.743、0.974,均P＜0.01）。结论哮喘大鼠RhoA和ROCKⅠ表达增高,法舒地尔可能通过影响RhoA和ROCKⅠ的表达,减轻气道炎症及改善气道重塑,表明Rho/ROCK信号转导通路参与哮喘气道重塑的形成。     

法舒地尔对脂多糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞损伤的影响

目的:观察法舒地尔对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤的影响,探讨其作用机制.方法:用0.1%的Ⅰ型胶原酶消化分离HUVECs,加入内皮细胞完全培养基中培养,采用胰蛋白酶进行消化传代培养,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态并进行免疫组织化学鉴定.将HUVECs随机分为对照组(内皮细胞培养基培养)、LPS组(内皮细胞培养基+0.1 μg/mL LPS)和法舒地尔组(内皮细胞培养基+0.1 μg/mL LPS+3.275 μg/mL法舒地尔),Western blot法检测RhoA、ROCK2、p-ERM蛋白表达水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测RhoA、ROCK2和p-ERM mRNA表达量.结果:原代培养的内皮细胞在接种后24 h后完全贴壁生长,第3天融合呈铺路石样镶嵌排列,免疫组织化学检测可见第Ⅷ因子相关抗原阳性反应,证实为内皮细胞.LPS组RhoA、ROCK2和p-ERM蛋白及基因表达水平均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);而法舒地尔组ROCK2和p-ERM蛋白及基因表达均低于LPS组(P<0.05~P<0.01),但2组RhoA蛋白和基因表达水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:Rho/ROCK/ERM通路在LPS诱导的HUVECs细胞骨架改变中起重要作用,法舒地尔可拮抗LPS诱导的骨架蛋白重排等HUVECs损伤,其机制可能与抑制Rho/ROCK信号通路活化有关.     

姜黄素对低氧下肺成纤维细胞增殖及Ⅰ型胶原表达的抑制作用研究

目的 探讨姜黄素对人胚肺成纤维细胞MRC-5在低氧下增殖和胶原表达中的作用及其机制.方法 以人胚肺成纤维细胞MRC-5进行培养,随机分为常氧组(12 h,24 h,36 h)、低氧组(12 h,24 h,36 h)、低氧(12 h,24 h,36 h)+姜黄素(5 μmol/L,10 μmol/L,20/μmol/L)组、低氧(36 h)+p38丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)阻断剂SB203580(10 μmol/L)组和低氧(36 h)+三磷酸肌醇激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)阻断剂LY-294002(10μmol/L)组.分别采用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况,Western blot检测MRC-5细胞中磷酸化AKT(p-AKT)、磷酸化P38(p-p38)和Ⅰ型胶原α1前体(pro-collα1)蛋白的表达情况.结果 姜黄索能抑制低氧下肺成纤维细胞的增殖,并且以低氧(36 h)+姜黄素20 μmol/L组最为明显,SB203580和LY-294002能抑制MRC-5细胞增殖(P＜0.05).低氧下pro-collα1、p-AKT、p-p38蛋白表达较常氧下增强(P＜0.05),但姜黄素只对低氧下pro-collα1、p-p38蛋白的表达有抑制,且呈剂量依赖性(P＜0.05),姜黄素对p-AKT表达无明显影响(P＞0.05).结论 低氧促进MRC-5细胞增殖及胶原表达可能是通过PLK/AKT及p38MAPK途径,姜黄素对低氧下MRC-5细胞增殖及Ⅰ型胶原表达的抑制则可能是通过p38MAPK实现.     

低氧性肺动脉高压大鼠肺组织Rho激酶的表达及意义

目的 探讨低氧性肺动脉高压(HPH)大鼠肺组织小G蛋白Rho相关激酶(Rho激酶)的表达及其抑制剂法舒地尔对HPH的影响. 方法 24只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为对照组,低氧模型组和法舒地尔干预组.测各组大鼠平均肺动脉压力(mPAP)、右心室肥厚指数(RVHI);采用逆转录酶-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)、免疫印迹法(Western blot),从基因、蛋白质水平观察肺组织Rho激酶表达变化;免疫印迹法检测其底物肌球蛋白磷酸酶的磷酸化状态,作为该激酶功能活化的标志. 结果 低氧模型组Rho激酶mRNA和蛋白明显升高,肌球蛋白磷酸酶磷酸化水平也较对照组显著增高,并与mPAP及RVHI均呈明显正相关(均P＜0.01).法舒地尔干预后mPAP、RVHI、Rho激酶mRNA和蛋白、肌球蛋白磷酸酶磷酸化水平均明显降低.结论 Rho/Rho激酶信号通路在HPH发病中具有重要作用,法舒地尔通过抑制Rho激酶的表达,对低氧所致的肺动脉高压、右心室肥厚具有较好的预防和逆转作用.     

沉默Rho GDIα抑制矽肺上皮间质转化及其作用机制

目的探讨沉默Rho GDP解离抑制因子α(Rho GDP dissociation inhibitorα,Rho GDIα)对矽肺上皮间质转化的作用及机制。方法转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)诱导人肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞株A549,分为空载体慢病毒组(LEV)、沉默Rho GDIα慢病毒感染组(Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition)、TGF-β1诱导LEV组(LEV+TGF-β1)、TGF-β1诱导Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition组(Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition+TGF-β1)。采用Western blot法、免疫细胞化学染色检测Rho GDIα、RhoA、Rho激酶(Rho kinase,ROCK)、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin,E-cad)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)和I型胶原(collagen-I)蛋白表达,采用Western blot法及CCK-8检测细胞增殖能力。结果 Western blot法及免疫细胞化学染色结果显示,与LEV对照组相比,Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition组Rho GDIα、RhoA、ROCK蛋白表达下降,E-cad蛋白表达上调,α-SMA和collagen-I蛋白表达下降; LEV+TGF-β1组Rho GDIα、RhoA、ROCK蛋白表达上升,E-cad蛋白表达下调,α-SMA和collagen-I蛋白表达上升。与LEV+TGF-β1组相比,Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition+TGF-β1组Rho GDIα、RhoA、ROCK蛋白表达下降,E-cad蛋白表达上调,α-SMA和collagen-I蛋白表达下降。CCK-8及cyclin D1蛋白检测结果显示,与LEV对照组相比,Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition组细胞增殖受到抑制,LEV+TGF-β1组细胞增殖增强,与LEV+TGF-β1组相比,Lv-Rho GDIα-inhibition+TGF-β1组细胞增殖受到抑制。结论沉默Rho GDIα可通过调控RhoA/ROCK信号通路抑制上皮间质转化发挥抗矽肺纤维化作用。     

基于RhoA/ROCK通路研究硫化氢对星形胶质细胞低氧损伤的影响

目的 探讨硫化氢(H2S)对星形胶质细胞反应性增生和凋亡的影响及其RhoA/ROCK信号通路抑制机制.方法 构建星形胶质细胞低氧培养(94％ N2-5％ CO2-1％2)模型,分别给予硫氢化钠(NaHS)(50、100、200.μmol/L)和ROCK抑制剂Fasudil(5μmol/L)预处理.低氧培养48 h后,用CCK-8法检测细胞活力,用分光光度法检测乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡,用钙离子荧光指示剂fluo-8检测细胞内Ca2+浓度的变化,使用Western blot法检测细胞中胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、Ras同源家族成员A (RhoA)、Rho蛋白激酶1(ROCK1)和Rho蛋白激酶2(ROCK2)蛋白的表达.结果 NaHS(100、200 μmol/L)明显提高低氧培养星形胶质细胞的活力、降低培养上清液中LDH活性、减少细胞凋亡和细胞内Ca2+超载,提示NaHS对星形胶质细胞低氧培养损伤的保护作用;ROCK抑制剂Fa-sudil也具有类似的保护作用,并且联合应用Fasudil和NaHS对星形胶质细胞的保护作用进一步增强;NaHS(100、200μmol/L)以及Fasudil均可抑制低氧损伤所致星形胶质细胞中GFAP、RhoA、ROCK1和ROCK2蛋白表达增高,联合应用Fasudil和NaHS对GFAP、RhoA、ROCK1和ROCK2蛋白表达的抑制作用更为明显.结论 H2S对于星形胶质细胞的低氧损伤有明显地保护作用,其作用可能与抑制RhoA/ROCK通路的激活有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.