主动脉左冠状窦内射频消融左心室流出道反复单形室性心动过速

目的　报道左心室流出道反复单形室性心动过速 (室速 )的心电图特点和射频消融结果。方法　对 11例无器质性心脏病的反复单形室速患者进行常规心电图、心内电生理检查和射频消融治疗。结果　室速呈不典型左束支阻滞伴心电轴右偏 ,Ⅰ导联为低振幅rs或rS波 ,V1 导联为rS或RS波 ,胸前导联R波移行区位于V2 或V3 导联 ,仅 1例的V5导联有小s波。起搏标测确定消融靶点位于主动脉左冠状窦内 ,在此部位成功射频消融 11例患者的室速。随访 (13± 7)个月 ,1例复发。结论　左心室流出道反复单形室速具有特殊的心电图表现 ,左冠状窦内射频消融能达到安全和有效的治疗目的。     

起源于右冠窦和左主干室性早搏各一例

2例室性早搏(简称室早)均呈左束支传导阻滞图形,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF呈R型。1例心电图Ⅰ导联r型、aVL导联呈rS型,aVR呈QS型,V1导联呈QS型,V2、V3导联呈rS型,V5、V6导联呈R型,胸前移行导联V4导联,右室流出道间隔部消融未成功,成功靶点在右冠窦。另1例心电图Ⅰ、aVL导联呈QS型,V1导联呈rS型,V3呈Rs型,胸前移行导联V3导联,发现理想靶点为左主干根部,终止手术。结论:通过体表心电图QRS波的形态、振幅、极性、移行、顿挫可初步判断室早起源部位,但最终仍需腔内精确的标测和消融。     

射频导管消融特发性左心室流出道室性心动过速

目的 探讨特发性左心室流出道室性心动过速(室速)心电图特点及射频导管消融结果。方法 对5例未发现器质性心脏病的左心室流出道室速患者行12导联心电图、动态心电图、心内电生理检查及射频导管消融治疗。结果5例患者心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联呈R波；Ⅰ导联呈rs或QS波，振幅大于0．5mV；V1导联呈rs或RS波，胸前导联R波移行发生于V2～V3；aVR和aVL导联呈QS波，3例患者的消融靶点在左冠状窦口内，2例位于主动脉瓣下，随访6个月，无1例复发。结论 左心室流出道室速有特殊心电图表现，射频导管消融是首选的治疗措施。     

右室流出道起源与主动脉窦起源室性早搏的分析

目的 探讨右室流出道起源与主动脉窦起源室性早搏心电图的主要区别.方法 回顾分析因频发室性早搏,心电图室性早搏胸前导联呈左束支传导阻滞,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联QRS主波向上,行射频消融成功的患者126例,分为右室流出道（RVOT）起源组66例,主动脉窦（ASC）起源组60例.结果 V1、V2导联R波时限指数和R/S波幅指数ASC组高于RVOT组.胸前导联移行区指数RVOT组高于ASC组.ROC曲线分析胸前导联移行区指数鉴别室性早搏起源有较高价值.结论 心电图呈左束支传导阻滞且Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联QRS主波向上的室性早搏,分析V1、V2导联R波时限指数、R/S波幅指数和胸前导联移行区指数可判断RVOT起源与ASC起源,指导射频消融治疗.     

希氏束旁右心室特发性室性心动过速的导管射频消融

目的探讨邻近希氏束特发性右心室室性心动过速（室速）的临床和心电图特征及标测和消融方法。方法对3例起源自邻近希氏束的右心室室速行12导联心电图，24h动态心电图及心电生理检查，并行射频导管消融治疗。结果3例患者心电图呈左束支阻滞图形，Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联呈R型，RⅡ〉RⅢ，胸前导联R波移行发生在Ⅴ2和Ⅴ3导联。3例均在右心室希氏束旁标测到最早激动点，行射频消融，2例成功。结论起源邻近希氏束的右心室室速与右心室流出道室速临床表现与心电图特征相似，但肢体导联心电图有所区别，射频导管消融治疗有效，宜在窦性心律下放电，以免发生完全性房室阻滞。     

右室流出道室性期前收缩的心电图特征及射频消融治疗

目的:探讨右室流出道室性期前收缩(室性早搏,室早)的心电图特征和评价单导管法消融单形性右室流出道室性早搏的有效性、安全性和实用性。方法:对52例心脏结构正常的右室流出道单形性室早的心电图特征进行分析并行单导管射频消融。采用起搏标测法,以起搏时与自发室性早搏形态波形态完全相同点为消融靶点。结果:右室流出道的室性早搏体表12导联心电图特征,呈完全性左束支阻滞形态,Ⅰ导联呈rs、m、QS及R型,aVR、aVL均呈QS型,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V5~6导联均呈单向R波型,胸前导联R波移行区常在V3、V4导联之后。成功消融结果显示26例室早起源右室流出道间隔部:其中前间隔7例、中间隔5例、后间隔14例,游离壁21例:其中前游离壁6例、后游离壁15例,希氏束附近1例,肺动脉瓣下1例。消融即刻成功率94%(49/52),未成功的3例。手术操作时间30~150 min,X线曝光时间5~29 min。术后随访2~48个月无复发。结论:起源于右室流出道的室性早搏有其独特的心电图表现,单导管射频消融可有效、安全地消融心脏结构正常的右室流出道单形性室性早搏。     

左室流出道室速的射频消融

起源于右室流出道的特发性室速,由于室速的起源点位于心脏上部(心底部),因此,体标ECG上常表现为、、aVF导联上高大的R波,电轴右偏或不偏,胸前导联R/S>1移行区常位于V3导联。在临床上行射频消融治疗室速时发现,极少数患者胸前导联QRS波图形不同于右室流出道室速。标测电极在右室流出道难以标测到有效的消融靶点,室速的起源点可能位于左室流出道。目前国外文献报道左室流出道室速不足20例,国内文献报道仅数例。作者在射频消融术中遇到一例,现报道如下:资料:患者,男,18岁,反复发作心慌四年,每次发作数分钟至数小时不等,发作时心慌、胸闷、…     

心电图对右心室流出道室性早搏消融结果的预测价值

目的 了解体表心电图对右心室流出道室性早搏(室早)消融结果的预测价值.方法 收集2002年1月～2007年3月室性早搏发作时心电图V1导联QRS波均呈左束支阻滞(LBBB)形态的无明显器质性心脏病患者72例,按射频消融治疗结果分为成功组和对照组,其中成功组63例,对照组9例(失败4例、复发5例),分析两组体表心电图12导联R波幅度、R波时限、S波时限、QRS时限,V2导联R波时限占QRS时限的百分比、胸前导联R波移行导联、V1导联R/S的比值、V1导联R波缺失、aVL和aVR比例(Qs或rS幅度)、I导联R波单相、I和aVL导联Qs波以及起搏时12导联心电图与自然发作室早心电图图形相同的导联数,比较两组患者心电图的特点.结果 胸前导联移行导联在≥V3成功率较高,≤V2很难成功(P=0.002),V1导联R波缺失预示成功率高(P=0.011),V2导联R波时限占QRS时限的百分比大于30%更易成功(P=0.025),两组体表心电图的aVL:aVR(QS或rS的幅度比),aVL导联Qs形态和起搏时12导联心电图与自然发作室早心电图图形相同的导联数有显著差异性(P《0.05),12导联R波幅度、R波时限、S波时限、QRS时限等参数中仅Ⅱ导联的S波时限有显著性差异(P=0.027),其他指标未达到统计学意义(P》0.05).结论 术前分析心电图有助于临床医生选择合适室早患者作为消融对象,以降低失败风险,提高成功率.     

体表12导联心电图对特发性流出道室性心动过速的起源灶定位作用

目的分析患者的12导联体表心电图(ECG)形态特征,旨在提出简便的ECG指标来预测特发性流出道室性心动过速起源。方法回顾我院54例经射频导管消融(消融)手术治愈的起源于心室流出道的特发性室性心动过速ECG资料,总结不同部位起源特发性流出道室性心动过速的ECG形态特征。结果不同起源灶有特征性的ECG形态①左心室流出道心内膜起源的ECG100%呈右束支传导阻滞图形,87.5%胸前V6导联出现S波;②左冠状窦起源的100%符合V1或V2导联R/S波幅指数≥30%和R波时限指数≥50%这两个条件;③右心室流出道游离壁起源下壁导联的R波多有切迹,且V2导联的S波振幅较深,胸前导联移行晚。结论12导联体表ECG特征,对特发性流出道室性心动过速起源灶定位有较高的预测价值。     

心室流出道频发室性早搏、室性心动过速的心电图特征及射频消融治疗

目的探讨心室流出道频发室性早搏和/或室性心动过速的心电图特征及射频消融治疗的有效性及安全性。方法对14例(13例右心室流出道频发室性早搏和/或室性心动过速,1例左心室流出道频发室性早搏)的心电图特征进行分析并行射频消融治疗。结果右心室流出道室性早搏及室性心动过速体表12导联心电图QRS波特征:Ⅰ导联呈rs、m、QS及R型,aVRa、VL均呈QS型,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF、V5-6导联均呈单向R波型,胸前导联R波移行区常在V3、V3导联之后,V1、V2导联R高度/S高度比值常<0.3。左心室流出道频发室性早搏和/或室性心动过速的QRS波特征与右心室流出道频发室性早搏和/或室性心动过速类似,但其胸前导联R波移行区常在V2导联之前,V1、V2导联(尤其V2导联)R高度/S高度比值常≥0.8。13例消融成功,手术操作时间45~156min,X线曝光时间8~28min。术后随访2~36个月,无复发病例。结论起源于心室流出道的频发室性早搏和/或室性心动过速有其独特的心电图表现,射频消融治疗能安全、有效地根治此类心律失常。     

Ventricular tachycardias mimicking those arising from the right ventricular outflow tract

INTRODUCTION: Ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) arising from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) has proven highly successful, yet VTs with similar ECG features may originate outside the RVOT. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed the clinical, echocardiographic, and ECG findings of 29 consecutive patients referred for ablation of monomorphic VT having a left bundle branch block pattern in lead V1 and tall monophasic R waves inferiorly. Nineteen patients (group A) had VTs ablated from the RVOT, and 10 patients (group B) had VTs that could not be ablated from the RVOT. The QRS morphology during VT or frequent ventricular premature complexes was the only variable that distinguished the two groups. During the target arrhythmia, ECGs of group B patients displayed earlier precordial transition zones (median V3 vs V5; P < 0.001), more rightward axes (90 +/- 4 vs 83 +/- 5; P = 0.002), taller R waves inferiorly (aVF: 1.9 +/- 1.0 vs 2.4 +/- 0.5; P = 0.020) and small R waves in lead V1 (10/10 vs 9/19; P = 0.011). Radiofrequency catheter ablation from the RVOT failed to eliminate VT in any group B patient, but ablation from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) eliminated VT in 2 of 6 patients in whom left ventricular ablation was attempted. CONCLUSION: The absence of an R wave in lead V1 and a late precordial transition zone suggest an RVOT origin of VT, whereas an early precordial transition zone characterizes VTs that mimic an RVOT origin. The latter VTs occasionally can be ablated from the LVOT. Recognition of these ECG features may help the physician advise patients and direct one's approach to ablation.     

Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia Including Ventricular Tachycardia from the Aortic Cusps and Epicardial Ventricular Tachycardia

Idiopathic outflow tract ventricular tachycardia (VT) can arise from the right (RVOT) or left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT). The electrocardiographic (ECG) pattern of RVOT VT is typical in most patients, showing a monomorphic left bundle branch block (LBBB) QRS morphology with an inferior axis. Radiofrequency catheter ablation can be performed with a high success rate and provides a curative therapeutic approach. However, not all VTs with LBBB and inferior axis can be ablated from the RVOT. It has become apparent that LVOT VTs including VT originating from the aortic sinus of Valsalva or epicardium represent underrecognized VT entities which are also amenable to successful catheter ablation. Twelve-lead ECG criteria can contribute to distinguish between sites of VT origin.LVOT arrhythmias represent an increasingly recognized VT entity which can be safely and successfully treated by catheter ablation. Identification of VT origin using ECG criteria and differentiation of LVOT versus RVOT origin is essential in the careful planning of the ablation strategy.     

射频导管消融治疗的特发性室性心律失常心电图特征分析

目的：探讨不同起源的特发性室性期前收缩（PVCs）和（或）室性心动过速（VT）的心电图特征,提出鉴别流程。方法根据射频导管消融PVCs/VT有效靶点或心室最早激动点的X线胸片进行定位,分析不同起源PVCs/VT的12导联心电图QRS波群。结果828例接受导管消融,580例起源于右心室,248例起源于左心室,左、右心室起源者胸导联移行指数＜0的分别占97.58%及7.24%;左和右心室流出道起源者下壁导联多数呈R型,V1上,多数右心室流出道起源者呈rS型,右室间隔起源呈QS型,主动脉瓣上起源者常呈rS或RS型;下壁导联上,左前分支起源者常呈qR型,左后分支起源者常呈rS型。结论结合体表心电图胸导联移行指数、下壁导联和V1上的QRS波群特征可初步判断特发性PVCs/VT的起源部位。     

主动脉左右冠窦小叶间三角起源特发性室性心律失常的心电图特征和射频消融疗效研究

目的 探讨主动脉左冠窦(LCC)右冠窦(RCC)小叶间三角(ILT)起源的特发性室性心律失常(VAs)电生理特征和射频消融疗效.方法 入选2016年1月～2019年1月于首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院心内科3A病房经电生理检查及射频消融证实起源于RCC、LCC间ILT的28例特发性VAs患者为研究对象.分别在右室流出道(...     

Ventricular tachycardias arising from the aortic sinus of valsalva: an under-recognized variant of left outflow tract ventricular tachycardia

OBJECTIVES: To describe a normal heart left bundle branch block, inferior axis ventricular tachycardia (VT), that could not be ablated from the right or left ventricular outflow tracts. BACKGROUND: Whether these VTs are epicardial and can be identified by a specific electrocardiographic pattern is unclear. METHODS: Twelve patients with normal heart left bundle branch block, inferior axis VT and previously failed ablation were included in this study. Together with mapping in the right and left ventricular outflow tracts, we obtained percutaneous epicardial mapping in the first five patients and performed aortic sinus of Valsalva mapping in all patients. RESULTS: No adequate pace mapping was observed in the right and left ventricular outflow tracts. Earliest ventricular activation was noted in the epicardium and the aortic cusps. All patients were successfully ablated from the aortic sinuses of Valsalva (95% CI 0% to 18%). The electrocardiographic pattern associated with this VT was left bundle branch block, inferior axis and early precordial transition with Rs or R in V2 or V3. Ventricular tachycardia from the left sinus had rS pattern in lead I, and VT from the noncoronary sinus had a notched R wave in lead I. None of the patients had complications and all remained arrhythmia-free at a mean follow-up of 8 +/- 2.6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Normal heart VT with left bundle branch block, inferior axis and early precordial transition can be ablated in the majority of patients from either the left or the noncoronary aortic sinus of Valsalva.     

特发性左室流出道室性心律失常的心电图特点

探讨特发性左室流出道室性心律失常患者的心电图特点。对 7例特发性左室流出道室性早搏 (简称室早 )、室性心动过速 (简称室速 )患者进行心电图分析 ,并行心内电生理检查及射频消融治疗 ,同时对 10例预激综合征患者成功消融房室旁道后行主动脉瓣上及瓣下起搏 ,记录同步 12导联起搏心电图。对比分析两组病例体表心电图QRS波图形特点。结果 :7例左室流出道室早、室速患者经心内电生理检查证实 6例起源于冠状动脉窦内 ,1例起源于左室流出道主动脉瓣右瓣下方 ,所有患者经射频消融成功治疗室性心律失常。对照组 10例在主动脉瓣下起搏(其中 6例同时在主动脉瓣上起搏 )获得同步 12导联起搏心电图。两组病例体表心电图共同特点为 :QRS波额面电轴向下 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联主波向上 ,QRS波在V2 或V3 前移行为Rs或R型。结论 :左室流出道为特发性室早、室速发生部位之一 ,体表心电图有其独特性 ,导管射频消融治疗安全有效。     

Outflow tract tachycardia with R/S transition in lead V3: six different anatomic approaches for successful ablation

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze different anatomic mapping approaches for successful ablation of outflow tract tachycardia with R/S transition in lead V(3). BACKGROUND: Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia can originate from different areas in the outflow tract, including the right and left ventricular endocardium, the epicardium, the pulmonary artery, and the aortic sinus of Valsalva. Although electrocardiographic criteria may be helpful in predicting the area of origin, sometimes the focus is complex to determine, especially when QRS transition in precordial leads is in V(3). METHODS: We analyzed surface electrocardiograms of 33 successfully ablated patients with outflow tract tachycardia: 20 from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and 13 from different sites. The R/S transition was determined, and the different anatomic approaches needed for successful catheter ablation were studied. RESULTS: Overall, R/S transition in lead V(3) was present in 19 (58%) of all patients. In these patients, mapping was started and successfully completed in the RVOT in 11 of 19 (58%) patients. The remaining eight patients with R/S transition in lead V(3) needed five additional anatomic accesses for successful ablation: from the left ventricular outflow tract (n = 3), aortic sinus of Valsalva (n = 2), coronary sinus (n = 1), the epicardium via pericardial puncture (n = 1), and the trunk of the pulmonary artery (n = 1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A R/S transition in lead V(3) is common. In patients with outflow tract tachycardia with R/S transition in lead V(3), a stepwise endocardial and epicardial mapping through up to six anatomic approaches can lead to successful radiofrequency catheter ablation.     

His束旁特发性室性早搏的心电图特点及射频消融

目的回顾分析His束旁室性早搏(PVCs)的心电图(ECG)特点和射频消融方法。方法选择2005年至2011年5月间的7例His束旁的PVCs,并与136例起源于右室流出道(RVOT)的PVCs的12导联ECG进行对比分析并总结射频消融治疗的经验。结果与起源于RVOT的PVCs ECG对比,起源于His束旁PVCs的12导联ECG中aVL导联多表现为振幅较低,多以R波为主。V1导联多为QS型(85.7%),胸前导联移行区多发生于V2～V3导联(71.4%)。7例均在His束电极附近标测到最早心室激动。5例一次消融成功;1例1周后再次消融成功;1例因消融电极几乎与His电极重叠而放弃手术。结论 His束旁PVCs在体表ECG上完全可以进行鉴别,射频消融术可以根治此类PVCs。     

环形标测电极指导下射频导管消融右心室流出道室性心动过速

探讨环形电极对右室流出道室性心动过速(RVOTVT)的标测指导作用及射频消融方法。6例特发性RVOTVT患者,男4例、女2例,年龄35.0±6.3(18～42)岁。行常规电生理检查,应用环形电极标测右室流出道,以最早激动点结合窦性心律下起搏标测确定靶点。结果:4例起源于右室流出道间隔前部,1例起源于间隔后部,1例起源于游离壁,6例均成功进行了射频消融,成功率100%。平均手术时间78±22min。结论:环形标测电极可以指导快速寻找室性心动过速起源点,缩短标测及消融时间。     

右室流出道不同部位起搏体表心电图的形态特征研究

右室流出道 (RVOT)是一个相对较大的区域 ,事先定位这一区域内心律失常的起源部位有助于指导射频消融治疗。为评估根据体表 1 2导联心电图定位起源于RVOT不同部位的心律失常 ,选择 90例无器质性心脏病的室上性心动过速患者 (57例房室折返性心动过速、33例房室结折返性心动过速 )进行研究。将RVOT分为游离壁和间隔 ,按距肺动脉瓣的距离由近至远再分上、中、下三部 ,共 6个区。成功进行射频消融后 ,于RVOT不同部位进行起搏 ,并同时记录 1 2导联体表心电图。结果 :在间隔和游离壁起搏时 ,Ⅰ、aVL导联表现为特征性变化。间隔部起搏时Ⅰ导联QRS波形态多变 ,aVL导联QRS波主要呈QS型 ,QRSⅠ/QRSaVL<1 ;在游离壁起搏时 ,Ⅰ导联QRS波主要呈R型 ,aVL导联QRS波形态多变 ,QRSⅠ/QRSaVL>1。Ⅰ、aVL导联QRS波形态特征对判断游离壁和间隔具有较高的特异度和灵敏度。在RVOT上、中、下位起搏时 ,V3导联呈特征性变化 ,分别主要呈R、RS(R/S >1 )、rS(r/S <1 )型。V3导联QRS波形态特征对判断RVOT的上、中、下位具有较高的特异度和灵敏度。结论 :可根据体表心电图图形特征 ,定位RVOT起源的心律失常部位