睫毛毛囊蠕形螨感染与睑板腺功能障碍的关系

目的 分析睫毛毛囊蠕形螨感染与睑板腺功能障碍（meibomian gland dysfunction,MGD）发生的相关性。设计 前瞻性病例系列。研究对象 2015年9月至2016年3月北京同仁医院眼科门诊MGD患者60例（60眼）,平均年龄（43.10±12.64）岁。方法 根据睑缘充血有无分为有炎症的MGD组（A组,38例）、无炎症的MGD组（B组,22例）,再将A组中蠕形螨检出阳性者,根据蠕形螨数量的不同分为3~6只/眼组（a组）、7~10只/眼组（b组）、＞10只/眼组（c组）。对患者的一般情况、睫毛毛囊蠕形螨检出率及各体征评分进行统计分析。主要指标 睫毛毛囊蠕形螨检出率、睑缘体征、睑板腺分泌物性状、分泌难易程度及睑板腺缺失评分。 结果 A组患者蠕形螨检出阳性率为86.84%,高于B组患者（18.18%）（P=0.001）。A组患者睑缘鳞屑、睑板腺分泌物性状、分泌难易程度评分分别为1.76±1.12、1.79±0.47,1.70±0.98,均高于B组（分别为0.52±0.51、1.34±0.53、0.68±0.60）（P=0.001、0.004、0.001）;两组睑板腺缺失比较,无统计学差异（P=0.091）。a、b、c三组间睑缘鳞屑和睑板腺分泌难易程度评分均存在明显统计学差异。在A组蠕形螨检出阳性的33例患者中,蠕形螨检出数量与睑缘鳞屑（r=0.65,P=0.001）及睑板腺分泌物排出难易程度（r=0.64,P=0.001）呈高度正相关,而与睑缘充血、睑板腺分泌物性状及睑板腺缺失无相关性（P=0.197、0.114、0.988）。结论 睫毛毛囊蠕形螨感染可通过导致睑缘炎性反应,引起或加重睑板腺功能障碍。对睑板腺功能障碍伴有睑缘炎的患者应注意排除睫毛毛囊蠕形螨感染的可能。（眼科, 2016, 25： 387-390）     

局部注射醋酸氟羟强地松龙治疗睑板腺囊肿

治疗睑板腺囊肿目前以手术为主。1978年Pizzarello等报告用醋酸氟羟强地松龙囊肿局部注射17例中15例(88%)有效。作者注射0.1～0.3ml共治疗50例53个睑板腺囊肿,结果31例消失,9例缩小成1mm以下,有效率为93%。睑板腺囊肿是睑板腺分泌物潴留,其内含有巨细胞及脂肪颗粒的慢性肉芽肿性炎症。局部注射后其混悬液在组织中存留时间长,适用于囊肿的局部应用。     

蠕形螨对睑板腺功能障碍患者眼表功能影响

目的：探究蠕形螨感染对睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)患者眼表功能的影响作用。

方法：选取2018-04/09南方医科大学附属珠江医院眼科门诊MGD患者94例94眼,入组患者检查以下指标：眼表疾病指数(OSDI)、Schirmer I试验(SⅠt)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光染色(FL)、泪河高度、上睑板腺缺失评分、下睑板腺缺失评分、睑板腺缺失总评分、蠕形螨计数,对比蠕形螨检出阳性组和阴性组以上指标有无差异并分析蠕形螨检出阳性组蠕形螨计数与以上指标相关性。

结果： MGD患者94眼中54眼蠕形螨阳性,检出阳性率57%,与年龄无明显相关,男性中检出率高于女性。蠕形螨检出阳性组上睑板腺缺失评分及睑板腺缺失总评分高于蠕形螨检出阴性组\〖2.00(1.00, 2.00)vs 1.00(1.00, 1.50)分,P=0.02; 3.00(2.00, 4.00)vs 2.00(1.00, 3.00)分,P=0.04\〗,OSDI、S I t、BUT、FL、下睑板腺缺失评分无差异(P>0.05)。蠕形螨检出阳性的MGD患者中蠕形螨计数与上睑板腺缺失分级评分(r_s=0.37,P=0.03)、睑板腺缺失总评分(r_s=0.44,P=0.01)呈正相关,与其他检查指标无明显相关性。

结论：蠕形螨在睑板腺功能障碍患者眼表功能有一定影响作用,与睑板腺缺失呈正相关,蠕形螨感染数量增加,睑板腺缺失加重,进而加重眼部不适症状。     

睑板腺囊肿手术时机的选择

睑板腺囊肿旧称霰粒肿,是由于睑板腺出口阻塞,睑板腺分泌物潴留在睑板内而形成的一种无菌性的慢性肉芽肿.该病是眼科临床的常见病和多发病,多见于少儿和青壮年,主要原因为该年龄段人群皮脂腺分泌旺盛,睑板腺阻塞后形成囊肿…,其主要的治疗方法有保守治疗、注射糖皮质激素及切开刮除术.虽然睑板腺囊肿手术是眼科门诊最常见最简单的手术之一,但由于手术时机掌握不好,而造成术后并发症和手术失败者常有发生,因此,选择最佳手术时机显得极为重要.     

蠕形螨睑缘炎的研究进展

寄生在人体的蠕形螨主要有毛囊蠕形螨和皮脂蠕形螨两种。在眼部,毛囊蠕形螨寄居于睫毛毛囊,而皮脂蠕形螨寄居于睫毛皮脂腺和睑板腺。关于蠕形螨是否导致睑缘炎目前仍有争议。对蠕形螨睑缘炎的治疗方法和疗效报道不一。本文对蠕形螨睑缘炎研究的最新进展作一综述。     

蠕形螨相关眼部疾病的研究现状

蠕形螨是一类小型永久性寄生螨,在眼部主要寄居于毛囊、睑板腺及皮脂腺,可引起异物感、眼痒、眼干等眼部症状。近年来越来越多文献报道蠕形螨可引起多种眼部疾病,如睑缘炎、睑板腺功能障碍、霰粒肿、结膜炎、角膜炎、翼状胬肉等,甚至与眼睑基底细胞癌的发生也存在相关性。蠕形螨作为一种致病因素得到越来越多眼科医师的关注。现对蠕形螨相关眼部疾病的研究现状作一综述,旨在提高眼科医师对蠕形螨相关性眼部疾病的认识和重视。     

眼部蠕形螨感染影响睑酯菌群组成的相关分析

目的:探讨眼部蠕形螨感染影响睑酯菌群组成的相关分析。方法:采用非干预性、观察性研究的方法,选取2020-07/2021-02我院39例受试者,根据有无蠕形螨感染或有无睑板腺功能障碍(MGD)将受试者分为三组,对照组(14例)、睑板腺功能障碍组(MGD组,14组)、蠕形螨感染组(FM组,11组)。对三组受试者睑板腺睑酯样本进行16S rRNA基因V3～V4片段的高通量测序,测序数据进行生物信息学分析,以研究眼部蠕形螨受试者睑酯菌群的构成及差异。结果:蠕形螨感染组的假单胞菌属和丛毛单胞菌属丰度均显著高于健康对照组和MGD组(P<0.05),罗尔斯通氏菌属丰度显著低于对照组和MGD组(P<0.05)。MGD组和FM组睑酯菌群微生物丰富度、微生物群落多样性显著高于健康对照组(P<0.05)。结论:蠕形螨感染改变了睑酯菌群的构成,并提高了睑酯菌群的微生物丰富度和群落多样性。     

基础麻醉在小儿睑板腺囊肿手术中的应用

目的:探讨基础麻醉下行小儿睑板腺囊肿手术的临床疗效,为治疗小儿睑板腺囊肿提供参考。方法:回顾性分析我院近3a来收治的56例睑板腺囊肿患儿的病例资料,所有患儿在基础麻醉下行睑板腺囊肿刮除术,并进行术后随访。结果:所有睑板腺囊肿患儿均治愈,无麻醉意外,均为一期手术愈合,局部包块消失。所有患儿均进行0.5a以上随访,无1例复发。结论:基础麻醉下行小儿睑板腺囊肿手术安全可靠,复发率低,患儿无痛苦,值得推广。     

睑板腺囊肿切除联合术后中药离子导入治疗观察

睑板腺囊肿是因为腺体排出管阻塞,致使腺体内分泌物潴留而逐渐形成的一种慢性炎症肉芽肿.在治疗中,根据情形决定采取手术或保守疗法.通过外科手术去除睑板腺囊肿之后,使用离子导入法导入活血化淤及消炎的药物,可降低睑板腺囊肿的术后皮肤肿胀、睑板瘢痕形成及囊肿复发的可能性.     

复发性霰粒肿患者眼部蠕形螨感染调查分析

目的：了解复发性霰粒肿患者人体蠕形螨的感染情况及引起霰粒肿复发的可能相关因素。

方法：收集2019-01/05于我院眼表和角膜病科门诊就诊确诊“霰粒肿”的患者，A组32眼为复发性霰粒肿组，B组30眼为初发性霰粒肿组，C组35眼为无眼病的正常对照组。生物光学显微镜观察蠕形螨睫毛根部阳性感染率，活体激光扫描共聚焦显微镜检查睫毛根部、睑板腺管开口蠕形螨感染情况。

结果：生物光学显微镜观察情况：A组患者睫毛的蠕形螨检出率为78%，显著高于B组(57%)和C组(34%)。共聚焦显微镜观察情况：A组患者睫毛的蠕形螨检出率为88%，显著高于B组(67%)和C组(37%)； A组患者睑板腺开口的蠕形螨检出率为69%，显著高于B组(23%)和C组(14%)。

结论：复发性霰粒肿患者蠕形螨感染率明显较高，蠕形螨感染可能是顽固性霰粒肿致病原因之一。     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

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Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.