促性腺激素释放激素激动剂长、短方案在体外受精-胚胎移植中的比较性研究

目的　探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（GnRH-a）长、短方案控制性超排卵在体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）中的疗效。方法　将2000年1～5月进行IVF和单精子卵胞浆注射（ICSI）助孕的不孕患者，按病历奇、偶数编号分为GnRH-a长方案组（55例）和短方案组（54例）。长方案组从使用促性腺激素（Gn）治疗周期前的黄体中期开始使用GnRH-a0.9mg/d，至垂体完全降调节后，加用Gn；短方案组从月经第2天开始使用GnRH-a0.45mg/d，同时加用Gn。两组均在优势卵泡达18mm时，肌内注射人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG），36h后取卵行IVF及ICSI。结果　长方案组较短方案组，使用Gn前血清促卵泡激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）水平降低［（4.4±1.2）IU/L比（6.3±1.7）IU/L,（2.7±1.5）IU/L比（4.4±2.8）IU/L,P<0.01］；注射hCG前血清雌二醇（E2）和LH水平降低［（7119±3584）pmol/L比（9523±3587）pmol/L，（1.0±1.0）IU/L比（4.0±3.4）IU/L,P<0.01］；每个卵子E2水平降低［（610±315）pmol/L比（935±450）pmol/L,P<0.01］；Gn用量增多［（28.0±8.6）支比（23.4±8.7）支,P<0.01］，用药时间增长［（11.1±1.2）d比（10.1±1.5）d,P<0.01］；两组平均获卵数、第2次成熟分裂中期卵子数、受精卵数、卵裂数、优质胚胎数及妊娠率无显著差异。结论　在IVF-ET，GnRH-a长、短方案能获得相同的控制性超排卵效果，且GnRH-a短方案能减少Gn用量和缩短治疗时间。     

年龄与超促排卵效果的关系

为探讨年龄与促超排卵效果的关系,我们分析了用GnRH-a＋FSH／hMG＋hCG行控制性超促排卵所得IVF-ET71个周期的临床资料,对比了＜35y和≥35y两组促性腺激素（Gn）用量、发育卵泡（≥10mm）数及受精率的差异性。1资料与方法1．1研究对象1997年1月至12月在本院用GnRH-a＋FSH／hMG＋hCG控制性超促排卵（COH）进行IVF-ET的不孕患者62例（71个周期）,其中输卵管因素23例,内分泌因素22例,其它因素17例。不孕年限为2～13a。以35y为界分为两组,即＜35y组和≥35y组,＜35y组43例,治疗49个周期,≥35y组19例,治疗22个周期。两组分…     

TVF-ET治疗周期中卵泡提前黄素化的相关因素分析

目的：初步探讨控制性超促排卵（COH）过程中如何避免卵泡提前黄素qE（premature luteinization,PL）,提高IVF—ET妊娠率。方法：回顾性分析行GnRH-a黄体中期长方案的IvF．ET治疗患者的临床资料,共2355个周期,根据hCG注射El孕酮（P）／雌二醇（Ez）水平的比值是否〉1分为PL组：即卵泡提前黄素化组,P／Ez≥1,共63个周期;非PL组：即卵泡未提前黄素化组,P／E2〈1,共2292个周期。比较患者的一般资料及COH的参数资料,分析可能与PL相关的因素。结果：PL在GnRH．a长方案IVF-ET患者中的发生率为2．68％。女方年龄、男方年龄、女方体质量指数（BMI）、基础Ez（1）E2）、bLH、bFSH、不孕年限、治疗周期数、Gn启用剂量、hMG使用总量、hMG使用总天数、hCG注射日LH值组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。PL组的Gn使用总量及Gn使用天数比非PL组的高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。PL组的hCG注射日直径〉15mln卵泡数及MII卵数比非PL组的少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：PL在行GnRH-a长方案的IVF．ET治疗患者中的发生率为2．68％。Gn的使用天数,On总量过多,卵巢低反应可能是发生PL的相关因素,为避免发生PL可适当减少Gn的使用天数及Gn使用总量。     

GnRH拮抗剂配伍HMG方案对卵巢低反应患者IVF—ET治疗结局分析

目的探讨促性腺激素释放激素拮抗剂（GnRH拮抗剂）配伍HMG方案对卵巢低反应患者控制性超排卵的效果，及其对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响。方法研究对象为前次IVF—ET治疗失败，证明是卵巢低反应，要求再次IVF—ET治疗的患者，随机分为2组，实验组使用GnRH拮抗剂＋HMG方案，共21个周期，对照组使用GnRH激动剂短方案，共23个周期。将两组患者的年龄、基础FSH水平、Gn使用天数和剂量、hCG日血清E2水平、获卵数、受精率、临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率等进行比较。结果两组患者不孕年限、与前次IVF—ET间隔时间、周期取消率、Gn使用天数、HCG日E2水平、获卵数、受精方式、受精率，胚胎移植数等比较差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。拮抗剂组与激动剂组的平均年龄分别为：（37．7±3．3）岁和（35．9±4．1）岁；平均基础FSH分别为：（14．21±6．76）μ／L和（10．04±4．60）μ／L。平均Gn使用量：拮抗剂组为（32．3±17．8）支，激动剂组为（39．8±12．2）支。拮抗剂组与激动剂组的临床妊娠和胚胎种植率分别为（42．1％vs10．5％）和（25．7％vs5．0％），两组患者的年龄、基础FSH、平均Gn用量、临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率等比较差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论GnRH拮抗剂与HMG配伍，对卵巢低反应的患者是一种有效的超排卵治疗方案，可以提高IVF—ET的临床妊娠率和胚胎种植率，并且费用低廉。     

不同促排卵方法在卵巢储备功能下降患者中的应用

目的:探讨卵巢储备功能下降患者的促排卵优选方案。方法:GnRH-a/hMG/rFSH(Gn)长方案促排卵(A组)共39个周期,GnRH-a/hMG/rFSH(Gn)短方案促排卵(B组)46个周期,GnRH-A/hMG/rFSH(Gn)促排卵(C组)共35个周期,比较3组临床用药和临床结局情况。结果:A组Gn所用天数(12.4±1.51d)显著高于B组(9.5±1.7d)、C组(10.7±3.2),P<0.05,且Gn(75IU/支)所用支数(41.5±8.6支)也明显多于B组(34.7±9.7支)和C组(33.4±16.2支)(P<0.05)。B组Gn所用天数要少于C组(P<0.05),Gn所用总量与C组间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。hCG注射日的血清LH水平A组(1.20±1.02IU/L)显著低于B组(3.17±1.58IU/L)和C组(2.15±1.8IU/L)(P<0.05),B组与C组之间无统计学差异(P>0.05)。A组与C组注射hCG日的血清E2值(7958±4586pmol/L,6022±7852pmol/L)均低于B组(10145±5503pmol/L)(P<0.05)。3组种植率、临床妊娠率均无显著性差异。3组间hCG注射日内膜厚度、受精率、卵裂率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:短方案更适合于卵巢功能减退患者的促排卵治疗,长方案与GnRH-A方案促排卵也是可行方法。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术对IVF周期中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响

目的：探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后对体外受精（IVF）周期控制性超排卵中卵巢反应性和妊娠结局的影响。方法：选取体外受精．胚胎移植（IVF-ET）助孕且曾在腹腔镜下行卵巢子宫内膜双侧异位囊肿剥除术20例（25周期）患者及32例单侧异位囊肿剥除术（40周期）患者为研究对象,以同期因输卵管因素行IVF助孕的104例（129周期）患者作为对照组,收集卵巢反应性及妊娠结局相关指标,作回顾性病例对照研究。结果：3组在年龄、体质量指数、不孕年限、基础卵泡刺激素（FSH）水平、促性腺激素（Gn）天数、受精率和人绒毛膜促性腺激素（hCG）日雌二醇（E2）水平无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。3组妊娠率差异也无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,且单侧囊肿剥除组妊娠率最高（50．0％）。双侧囊肿剥除组获卵数、优质胚胎率及可冷冻的胚胎个数分别为[（4．95±3．46）个、（56．0±32．0）％、（1．40±1．96）个],明显低于单侧囊肿剥除组[（9．38±4．62）个、（70．1±20．2）％、（3．45±3．05）个]和输卵管组[（10．37±4．14）个、（85．1±19．9）％、（4．36±3．19）个],差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;其Gn总用量也明显高于输卵管组和单侧囊肿剥除组（P〈0．05）。单侧异位囊肿剥除术的手术侧卵巢的获卵数[（3．34±2．92）个]低于未手术侧卵巢[（6．06v2．27）个]（t=5．784,P〈0．01）。结论：卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术可影响IVF周期中卵巢反应性,如导致Gn用量增加,获卵数、优质胚胎数和可冷冻胚胎个数减少,对IVF-ET有一定不良影响,而对IVF妊娠结局无明显影响。     

卵泡发育迟缓者在体外受精中延长使用促性腺激素的临床疗效观察

目的探讨体外受精（IVF）周期中,卵泡发育迟缓者延长使用促性腺激素（Gn）的临床效果。方法将552个IVF周期按Gn用药时间、剂量和获卵数分组,观察组（69个取卵周期,66个移植周期）：Gn起始用量为75IU／d-300IU／d,用药时间≥16d,用至卵泡达到取卵标准为止,获卵数≥4个;对照组（483个取卵周期,464个移植周期）：Gn起始用量为150IU／d～300IU／d,用药时间≤15d,且总Gn用量≤3300IU,获卵数≥4个。比较两组患者的Gn用量及用药时间、获卵数、临床妊娠率、胚胎着床率及治疗结局。结果观察组和对照组的临床妊娠率分别为45．5％（30／66）和51．7％（240／464）;胚胎着床率分别为28．0％（46／164）和30．5％（385／1262）;分娩率分别为37．9％（25／66）和39．4％（183／464）;两组患者的临床妊娠率、胚胎着床率、分娩率等比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。观察组和对照组的多囊卵巢（PCO）和（或）多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者的比例分别为55．1％（38／69）和20．1％（97／483）;基础窦卵泡数分别为（20±11）个和（15±6）个;Gn用药时间分别为（20．8±4．2）d和（10．3±1．8）d;Gn用药总量分别为（3090±1140）IU和（2302±862）IU;血清雌二醇峰值分别为（4595±5181）pmol／L和（7272±6320）pmol／L;获卵数分别为（10±6）个和（14±7）个;移植胚胎数分别为（2．5±0．6）个和（2．7±0．5）个;两组上述各指标比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论对IVF周期中卵泡发育迟缓的患者,延长使用Gn有效、方便,能获得满意的临床结局。     

控制性超排卵中血清促黄体生成素浓度过低对体外受精-胚胎移植的影响

目的 :探讨控制性超排卵中血清促黄体生成素 (L H)浓度过低对体外受精 -胚胎移植的影响。方法 :为 2 0 0 0年 6月至 2 0 0 1年 8月在本所接受体外受精 (IVF)或卵母细胞单精子显微注射 (ICSI)助孕的不孕症患者 ,对其中具有正常促性腺激素功能的妇女 16 0例采用促性腺激素释放激素激动剂 (Gn RH- a)长方案并单纯用人基因重组促卵泡生长素 (r- FSH)进行控制性超排卵 (COH) ,以注射绒毛膜促性腺激素 (HCG)日血清 L H浓度分为两组 ,低 L H组为血清 L H≤ 0 .5 m IU/ml,对照组为血清 L H>0 .5 m IU/ml,其中低 L H组 72个周期 ,占 4 5 % ,对照组 88个周期 ,总共 16 0个周期。按本所常规方法过行 IVF/ICSI。我们对这 16 0例临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 :低 L H组平均 r- FSH用药量和用药时间明显多于对照组 (30 .2 1± 8.12支与 2 7.17± 7.99支 ,10 .93± 1.2 5 d与 10 .0 2± 1.18d,P<0 .0 1) ;r- FSH刺激第 8天的血清 L H浓度和雌二醇 (E2 )浓度 (2 .0 5± 1.4 9m IU/ml与 2 .6 2± 1.5 8m IU/ml,182 7.3± 897.6 pg/ml与 2 0 93.3±92 3.7pg/ml,P<0 .0 5 )、注射 HCG日血清 L H浓度和 E2 浓度 (0 .15± 0 .16 m IU/ml与 1.6 0± 0 .92 m IU/ml,1916 .8±989.5 pg/ml与 3495 .2± 938.2 pg/ml,P<0 .0 0 1)     

短方案体外受精-胚胎移植周期中获卵数对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的 分析和探讨体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）周期最合适的获卵数目。方法 对上海集爱遗传与不育诊疗中心2005实施的短方案有获卵的共963个IVF-ET新鲜周期进行回顾性总结和分析，根据不同获卵数分为4组（A组：1—5，B组：6～15，C组：16～25及D组：〉25个卵子），就各组的周期数、年龄、平均促性腺激素（Gn）用量及天数、HCG注射日的E2值、全冻胚胎数、放弃周期数、种植率和临床妊娠率进行分析。结果 （1）获卵数随年龄增加呈下降趋势。（2）周期完成率在6～15个卵子组最高；A组因缺乏有效胚胎移植，周期放弃率较高；其余3组随获卵数增加，为预防OHSS行胚胎全冻而放弃移植的周期比例也随之明显上升（P〈0．01）。（3）Gn用药天数各组差异无显著性，P〉0．05。（4）Gn用量随获卵数增加呈下降趋势，呈负相关，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；（5）注射HCG日的血清E2值随获卵数增加而明显上升，与获卵数呈正相关，各组之间差异有显著性（P〈0．01）；（6）种植率（IR）及妊娠率（PR）在B组及D组较A组及C组高，但差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论 适量促性腺激素超促排后的获卵数，在移植有效胚胎数相同的条件下，获卵数多少与其妊娠率差异并无显著意义，但就总体IVF-ET结局而言，短方案IVF—ET周期中获卵数在6～25个之间有较理想的妊娠结局。     

盆腔炎性疾病对不孕患者体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的 探讨不同程度盆腔炎性疾病（PID）及手术中是否切除输卵管对体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）治疗结局的影响。方法 选取223个IVF-ET周期,根据IVF治疗周期前手术所见,按PID盆腔病变程度分为轻度组72个周期、中度组79个周期、重度组72个周期,分别统计并分析各组间及组内手术是否切除输卵管与IVF周期中所用促性腺激素（Gn）总量、获卵数、卵巢低反应发生率、受精率、优质胚胎数及新鲜胚胎移植周期临床妊娠率的关系。结果 所需Gn总量、获卵数、优质胚胎数轻度组分别为（2057±503）IU／L、（16±6）个和（6．0±4．3）个;中度组分别为（2204±603）IU／L、（12±6）个和（4．5±3．5）个;重度组分别为（2372±1018）IU／L、（9±6）个和（3．1±2．9）个;重度组与轻度组IVF周期所需Gn总量比较,明显增加,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;重度组较轻度组获卵数及优质胚胎数均下降,差异也有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。卵巢低反应发生率,轻度组为4．2％,中度组为13．9％,重度组为33．8％,3组两两比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。临床妊娠率轻度组为63．9％,中度组为46．8％,重度组为41．2％,3组两两比较,差异均也有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。3组受精率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。轻度组与重度组比较,PID手术中是否切除输卵管对术后IVF-ET结局无显著影响;而中度组切除输卵管者的获卵数、优质胚胎数、临床妊娠率均高于保留输卵管者,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 PID病变降低卵巢的反应性及临床妊娠率,影响IVF-ET结局;PID患者行手术治疗时,手术中是否切除病变输卵管应视病变程度而定,但应尽可能地游离卵巢组织。     

促性腺激素释放激素激动剂超短方案在超促排卵中的应用

目的：探讨促性腺激素释放激素激动剂（ＧｎＲＨ－ａ）超短方案在促排卵中的作用。方法：以采用克罗米芬联合人绒毛膜促性腺激素（ＣＣ／ｈＣＧ组，５０个周期、３１例），及克罗米芬联合人绝经期促性腺激素、绒毛膜促性腺激素（ＣＣ／ｈＭＧ／ｈＣＧ组，１６个周期、１６例）方案者为对照，对比ＧｎＲＨ－ａ超短方案联合人绝经期促性腺激素、绒毛膜促性腺激素方案者（ＧｎＲＨ－ａ超短方案／ｈＭＧ／ｈＣＧ组，１５个周期、１５例）ｈＣＧ注射日激素水平、优势卵泡个数、子宫内膜厚度、宫颈评分及妊娠率。ＧｎＲＨ－ａ超短方案／ｈＭＧ／ｈＣＧ组全部来自采用ＣＣ助孕失败或采用ＣＣ／ｈＭＧ／ｈＣＧ方案显示卵巢反应性差的患者。结果：ＣＣ／ｈＭＧ／ｈＣＧ组有３例（１８．８％）发生过早黄素化。ＧｎＲＨ－ａ超短方案／ｈＭＧ／ｈＣＧ组ｈＣＧ注射日血清黄体生成素（ＬＨ）水平明显低于对照组，其优势卵泡个数、子宫内膜厚度及宫颈评分都明显高于对照组，差异均具有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。３组周期妊娠率相近。结论：ＧｎＲＨ－ａ超短方案／ｈＭＧ／ｈＣＧ方案为一种较好的促超排卵方案，对ＣＣ助孕失败及ＣＣ／ｈＭＧ／ｈＣＧ方案卵巢反应性差的患者仍有较好的效果。     

Controlled ovarian stimulation with exclusive FSH followed by stimulation with hCG alone, FSH alone or hMG

OBJECTIVE: To assess if low-dose hCG is similar to hMG and to rFSH in the late follicular phase. STUDY DESIGN: In a prospective randomized controlled trial, 51 patients undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation received ovarian priming with rFSH and then received hCG (200 IU/day) (hCG group, n=17), hMG (225 IU/day) (hMG group, n=17) or rFSH (200 IU/day) (FSH group, n=17) in the late stage of follicular development. Parameters of follicular response and serum estradiol, progesterone and testosterone levels were assessed. RESULTS: Pre-ovulatory ovarian follicle occurrence and length of treatment were similar among the three treatment groups. Serum progesterone level on the day of pre-ovulatory hCG was significantly higher in the hCG group than in the hMG or rFSH group. Clinical pregnancy rates were similar for all groups. The total cost of treatment was significantly lower for the hCG group than for the groups supplemented with hMG or rFSH. CONCLUSIONS: LH in the form of low-dose hCG during the late follicular phase induced the same follicular pattern as hMG and rFSH after ovulation induction. The procedure using hCG produced pregnancy rates similar to those obtained using hMG and rFSH, even though the patients showed higher serum progesterone levels on the hCG day.     

Regulation of ovarian follicular and luteal function during treatment with exogenous gonadotropins in anovulatory infertility

The dosage, duration of treatment, and plasma hormone levels were analyzed statistically between and within groups of treatment cycles with (n = 46) and without (n = 10) ovulation. A significant difference was observed in the dosage of human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) over various days of treatment, but not in the mean dosage of hMG and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered per cycle. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):luteinizing hormone (LH) ratios, prolactin (PRL) levels, and the magnitude and the duration of the estradiol response were greater in the ovulatory cycles. Additionally, in the ovulatory cycles, the dose of hMG correlated with the plasma levels of estradiol, FSH, and LH, while in the anovulatory cycles, hMG dosage correlated only with the LH concentrations. After administration of hCG, the mean plasma concentrations of its beta subunit peaked within 1 day and remained detectable for up to 10 days thereafter. In the ovulatory cycles, the mean progesterone level was maximal 6 days following hCG administration. In these cycles, luteal phase progesterone levels correlated positively with the preovulatory estradiol and inversely with concentrations of the beta subunit of hCG. The data demonstrate that, in contrast to anovulatory follicles, ovulatory follicles were exposed to a relative "dominance" of FSH over LH, with higher concentrations of estradiol and PRL for several days before hCG was administered. Apart from hMG dosage, the endogenous discharge of LH appeared to be an important determinant of the ovarian response. A single 10,000 IU dose of hCG was adequate for inducing ovulation and maintaining luteal function.     

IVF-ET周期中GnRH-a、FSH、hMG配伍方案的比较研究

目的:探讨IVF周期中采用不同促排卵方案时,卵泡液及血清中FSH、LH、E2水平的变化及对胚胎发育、受精、妊娠的影响;单用国产hMG促排卵的效果。方法:120例分成4组。测定卵泡液及取卵日血清中FSH、LH、E2水平,比较四种方案的取卵数、受精率、Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级胚胎形成率和每移植周期妊娠率。结果:四种促排卵方案的卵泡液和血清FSH、E2水平没有差别（P>0.05）,不同垂体降调节者,卵泡液和血清LH水平明显升高（P<0.0001）,四种促排卵方案的取卵数、受精率、优质胚胎形成率、移植周期妊娠率经统计学处理均无显著性差异。结论:卵泡液和血清中LH水平升高可能与应用垂体降调节有关,而与选择纯FSH还是hMG促排卵无关。轻度LH升高并不影响卵泡发育、卵子质量和以后的胚胎发育。IVF周期首选垂体降调节加FSH或FSH/hMG促排卵方案,单用hMG促排卵也可以作为选择。     

An increased initial follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone ratio does not affect ovarian responses and the outcomes of in vitro fertilization

The tenet that a combination of human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH)/human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) improves follicular recruitment was assessed by randomly treating ovulatory women either with hFSH/hMG on days 3 and 4 of the cycle followed by two ampules of hMG daily or with a constant daily dose of 2 ampules of hMG. Estradiol (E2) levels on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and the mean number of mature, immature and atretic oocytes per cycle did not differ between the two groups. Likewise, fertilization, cleavage, and pregnancy rates were similar for the two treatments. When daily hormone levels were compared in 11 patients during two successive treatment cycles with both stimulation protocols, the temporal pattern of FSH accumulation was repeated in both cycles, but FSH levels were significantly higher when patients received hFSH/hMG. Nevertheless, during both cycles, E2 reached similar peak levels and the mean number of follicles per cycle on the day of hCG administration was not different. We conclude that routine use of hFSH/hMG does not improve the success of an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program and that higher FSH levels do not change the individuality of ovarian response in the same woman.     

Pregnancy rate after ovulation triggering with gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist versus human chorionic gonadotrophin in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation/intrauterine insemination

BackgroundGnRHa is as effective as hCG for ovulation triggering, apart from LH surge, FSH surge is also induced.ObjectiveTo compare triggering of ovulation by inducing endogenous LH surge (GnRHa) or using hCG in hMG stimulated cycles for intrauterine insemination (IUI).SettingProspective randomized study.Materials and methodsOut of the three hundred and eighty patients scheduled for IUI, after exclusion of 28 women, 352 were assigned to two groups: hMG/GnRHa (study group, n = 176) were assigned for receiving HP hMG followed by triggering by GnRHa and hMG/hCG (control group, n = 176) were assigned for HP hMG followed by hCG for ovulation triggering. Intrauterine insemination was done using freshly prepared semen 36 h after triggering of ovulation. Luteal phase support was done by 1500 IU hCG, 12 h after the triggering of ovulation.ResultsLH levels significantly (p < 0.001) increased in the hMG/GnRHa group than in the hMG/hCG group. No significant differences were seen between the basal LH, progesterone levels before and 8 days after triggering in both groups. The duration of the luteal phase was similar in both groups. Pregnancy rates per cycle were 17.61% for GnRHa and 13.06% for hCG respectively (p = 0.23).ConclusionsThere is no difference between GnRHa and hCG as regards pregnancy rate in women undergoing hMG stimulation for IUI cycles.     

Value of suppression with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist prior to gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization

This study examined the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) suppression before gonadotropin stimulation in 26 patients with failed prior in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts and variable basal serum gonadotropin levels. Leuprolide, 1 mg subcutaneously per day, was administered from the midluteal phase of the cycle before IVF treatment. Concomitantly, stimulation was initiated on cycle day 3 with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Based on their prior IVF attempts and serum gonadotropin levels on cycle day 3, 9 patients were high responders with elevated mean basal luteinizing hormone (LH)/FSH, 8 were low responders with elevated mean basal FSH/LH, 7 were intermediate responders with normal mean basal FSH/LH and a history of premature LH surge, and 2 had elevated (perimenopausal) mean FSH and LH. Leuprolide was discontinued on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Prior IVF attempts in the same patients with the same protocol, but without GnRHa suppression, were used as controls. The mean number of ampules of hMG and FSH was significantly higher in leuprolide cycles than in controls. The mean day of hCG administration was also higher for leuprolide cycles than for controls. The mean LH and progesterone levels on the day of hCG were significantly lower in leuprolide cycles. The mean number of preovulatory oocytes aspirated and transferred was higher in leuprolide cycles. Cancellation and pregnancy rates were improved in leuprolide cycles. It is concluded that prior GnRHa suppression is beneficial for follicular recruitment for IVF. More patients with variable basal serum gonadotropin levels need to be studied before definite recommendations are made.     

A comparative study of three ovulation induction protocols in polycystic ovarian disease patients in an in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer program

Purpose This study compares the results of three ovulation induction protocols in polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) patients undergoing an in vitro fertilizationembryo transfer (IVF-ET) program. A total of 85 cycles was studied. The patients were treated with clomiphene citrate (CC) plus human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (CC/hMG group), with purified menofollitropin (pFSH) plus hMG (pFSH/hMG group), and with pFSH/hMG plus gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue (GnRH-a) (analogue group). In the analogue group the suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) with GnRH-a decreased the number of follicles <12 mm on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration and the number and percentage of immature oocytes retrieved and increased the percentage of mature oocytes retrieved.Results However, fertilization rates of oocytes, cleaved embryo rates, pregnancy rates following replacement, and pregnancy outcomes were not different.Conclusion Although the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis with GnRH-a in PCOD patients improved follicular synchrony and oocyte maturity, none of the ovulation induction protocols was superior to the others with respect to pregnancy rates and pregnancy outcomes.     

Endocrine modifications associated with final oocyte maturation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists vs. human chorionic gonadotropin in women undergoing intrauterine insemination

OBJECTIVE: To compare the hormonal profile when using triptorelin vs. human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to trigger ovulation in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-five patients who underwent 48 cycles were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, crossover study. After ovulation induction with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), couples were randomly allocated to a first cycle with a single dose of 0.2 mg of triptorelin or 5,000 IU of urinary hCG to trigger ovulation; if pregnancy did not occur, a second cycle was carried out, and the patient was crossed over to the other treatment group. Blood was collected the day of hCG/triptorelin administration and both days after IUI. RESULTS: Patients treated with triptorelin showed a significantly higher FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) rise 24 hours after the injection when compared to hCG. Serum progesterone was significantly increased 48 hours after hCG administration, although estradiol levels were comparable between the groups. CONCLUSION: A higher LH and FSH peak than that induced by hCG was observed. Considering that serum progesterone levels were suboptimal in both protocols and taking into account the lower progesterone production in gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue cycles, corpus luteum supplementation in the luteal phase should be recommended for these patients.     

单用高纯度的促卵泡素及联合人绝经期促性腺激素用于超促排卵周期的研究

目的探讨单用高纯度的促卵泡素及联合人绝经期促性腺激素在超促排卵周期中的不同临床效果.方法选择在我院行超促排卵-体外授精的患者67例,随机分为二组单用高纯度促卵泡素(FSH-HP)35例;FSH联合人绝经期促性腺激素(hMG)32例,作分析比较.结果单用FSH组注射hCG日血清雌激素浓度较合用hMG组显著性下降(P＜0.05),移植时胚胎平均细胞数、临床妊娠率均有显著性提高(P＜0.05),且前者的流产率明显下降与合用hMG组比较呈显著性差异(P＜0.05).但两组的总取卵数、成熟卵细胞数、受精率、卵细胞平均碎片含量、所移胚胎总数、所移胚胎分级、子宫内膜厚度等各项指标之间比较均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论在超促排卵周期中单用FSH-HP可有效地控制高雌激素状态,改善卵母细胞的质量,有助于提高妊娠率.