试论医院文化建设与人本管理的实践

人本管理是先进文化发展的必然要求，医院文化就其本质来说，是以人为本的文化，文化力量是医院永恒的竞争力。加强医院精神文明建设与医院文化建设，树立以人为本的服务理念，提高服务艺术，打造医院的良好形象，是确保医院可持续发展的关键。本文通过阐述理论，总结实践经验，旨在为今后更好地工作打下基础。     

试论医院人文管理与文化创设

现代医院管理应当顺应管理科学发展趋势，坚持以人为本，重视开发和利用医院的人文资源，实行更符合人的特点和人性要求的人文管理。在人文管理中必须依据文化理念，实现医院管理活动中内在的协调与和谐。要在把握医院人文管理内在要求的基础上进行医院文化的创新，努力构建发展战略支持型的医院文化。     

建设具有核心竞争力的医院文化

医院文化是医院的底蕴和灵魂，是医院生存和发展的基础。笔者从医院文化的特征与核心竞争力的关系，以人为本是出发点，学习创新生命力，统一的“价值观”是核心要素四个方面论述了人性化理念、创新理念、统一价值观在具有核心竞争力的医院文化建设中的重要作用。并提出了一个优秀的以人为本的医院文化，就是医院的核心竞争力这一观点。     

加强医院文化内涵建设的思考

本文主要从三个方面对医院文化内涵建设进行了探讨。首先，医院文化管理的基本理念是“以人为本”，人本观念应要体现在医院文化建设的方方面面。其次，医院文化的核心是价值观，有了统一的价值观就有了旗帜和方向。最后，医院文化建设要不断创新求变，与时俱进。     

建设以人为本的医院文化 增强医院发展潜力

以人为本的医院文化是当今医院发展动力之源，在医院管理中的作用日益显现。科学发展观的第一要义是发展，核心是以人为本，对医院而言，管理思想和管理模式的核心也是“以人为本”，人文性是医院文化最显著的特征。以人为本的医院文化有助于形成先进的医院价值观和先进的群体意识，有助于增强医院的凝聚力，充分激发员工的积极性和创造性，从而提高医院的核心竞争力，增强医院发展的潜力。     

医院可持续发展的基础——“以人为本”

随着现代医疗管理体制不断完善，越来越要求与之相适应的现代管理理念和医院文化建设，将“以人为本”定位在现代化医院建设上。在实践中，浙江省湖州中医院坚持“以人为本”的办院宗旨，加强医院文化建设和医德医风建设，极大地激发了干部职工的工作热情，形成“以职工为中心”的管理思想和“以病人为中心”的优质服务管理体系，促进了医院持续发展。     

以人为本的理念在医院管理中的应用

目的探讨以人为本的理念在医院管理中的应用。方法查阅历史资料、设计"人本管理调查表"、问卷调查等。结果在充分满足了员工需要的基础上,造就了人本管理的软环境,达到了人与组织共同发展的目的。结论应用以人为本的管理理念,保证了医院的可持续性发展。     

以人为本强化医院声誉管理

医院声誉是一种重要的无形资产,医院的声誉管理就是对这种无形资产进行开发、利用,充分发挥其“内聚”与“外吸”两个功能。对内,让员工释放出最大的潜能,同心同德,为医院的长久发展和治病救人而不断进取;对外,树立良好的社会形象——高品质的医疗服务、现代化的管理方式、不断开拓的医疗新技术、可持续发展的人力与物力资源等和谐地统一起来。中西方文化中都提到以人为本的人本理念,“生物一社会一心理”新的医学模式都包含着人本思想,强化医院的人文建设。     

浅谈医院文化与现代医院管理

医院文化是现代医院管理的新趋势和新发展，在加强医院文化建设的同时，更要注重以人为本的管理思想，用先进的医院文化，精心打造医院的内在品质，为医院发展创造良好的竞争环境、和谐环境和心理环境，让现代管理创造最佳的社会效益和经济效益。而创新的理念是现代社会发展的核心动力，是医院持续发展的源泉。     

解放思想 开拓创新 打造医院特色文化

医院文化已经成为医院生存和发展的重要战略资源及精神财富，是提高医院整体素质和核心竞争力的重要精神支柱，也是构建和谐医患关系的关键因素。文章结合医院实际，提出了加强医院文化建设的具体措施和办法：加强领导，更新观念，创造良好的医院氛围；建立独具特色的医院精神；突出人本理念、人文氛围，延伸医院文化理念；科学管理、有效激励，彰显医院文化；创新机制，推进医院文化建设跃上新台阶。     

企业职工高尿酸血症与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性研究

目的探讨企业职工高尿酸血症（HUA）与血压、血脂、血糖的相关性,为企业进行健康管理提供依据。方法以中国石油长庆油田公司各下属企业为抽样单位,整群随机抽取2个单位,每个单位中所有的HUA者作为HUA组,共720人;同时在尿酸水平正常者中随机选取620人为正常组。通过Logistic回归分析HUA与年龄、性别、血压、血脂、血糖的关系。结果HUA合并高血压、高血脂、空腹m糖受损任意一项、两项、三项的比例均远高于正常组（OR值分别为：4．036,2．562,4．174）。多因素Logistic回归发现：男性、收缩压、总胆固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇是HUA的危险因素（OR值分别为7．736,2．309,1．721,2．761,1．411）;高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为HUA的保护因素（OR值为0．211）。结论HUA存在性别差异,且与血压、血脂密切相关。企业对职工的健康管理应充分考虑多危险因素的综合作用,全面的进行健康教育及干预。     

癌缺氧病因及预防和治疗

目的 探讨癌及安阳林州市食管癌高发原因及癌病因预防和治疗措施.方法 对林州市食管癌等疾病现场进行调查,在进行10余年统计分析基础上,综合分析了全国156篇文献成果.结果 提出癌缺氧病因学说,使用制氧机、按摩器、饮用纯净水治疗恶性肿瘤,取得良好效果,改水能够大幅降低林州市居民食管癌发病率、死亡率.结论 癌可能是由于机体长...     

Recruitment and retention challenges and successes

Objective: Addressing health disparities requires well designed, culturally adapted research. However, recruiting/retaining minority participants has often been challenging. We present strategies used to successfully recruit and retain rural Hispanic women during a breastfeeding education intervention.

Design: This study involved a two-group repeated measures quasi-experimental design with assessments at seven intervals between enrollment and 6 months postpartum. Participants (Hispanic women?≥?15 years old) were recruited through a regional hospital.

Results: We successfully met our recruitment goals, most women contacted were enrolled (46 of 58), and 100% completed the study.

Discussion: Research staff with ties within the community helped establish trust. Using bilingual study materials, simple language, and an interpreter addressed language/literacy concerns. Phone assessments facilitated participation as transportation was an issue. Accommodating requests to deliver or mail study materials and providing incentives were important. Extra effort was needed to maintain contact when phone service was disrupted or participants moved. Keys to success were persistence, flexibility, and alleviating barriers to participation.     

初产妇与经产妇焦虑抑郁状态分析及干预

目的：分析初产妇、经产妇心理状态特点,以便采取更有效的干预措施。方法筛选2014年6月至2015年1月在咸阳市旬邑县妇幼保健院产科门诊产前检查的健康初产和经产妇各60名,孕周为28~40周。入组时用焦虑自评量表( SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)对两组孕妇进行心理评定,并给1次支持性心理干预(40~60分钟),1周后再次用SAS、SDS对两组孕妇进行评定分析。结果经产妇干预前SAS(50.73±3.45)、SDS(49.13±3.86)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(42.45±2.08)、SDS(41.77±2.21),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-15.921、-12.817,均P<0.01);干预后两组SAS、SDS评分均比干预前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为14.999、15.413;15.724、15.832,均P<0.01);干预后经产妇 SAS(38.61±5.02)、SDS(39.10±3.03)评分明显高于初产妇SAS(34.88±3.31)、SDS(32.01±4.27),差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为-4.805、-10.489,均P<0.01)。结论初产妇和经产妇均伴有焦虑、抑郁情绪,干预前后经产妇抑郁、焦虑情绪均较初产妇明显,支持性心理干预能有效改善孕妇的不良情绪。     

Continuity and change in neighborhood disadvantage and adolescent depression and anxiety

We used data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study which includes a sample of adolescents of age 15 at the most recent wave (between 2014 and 2017) from mainly low-income urban families in the United States, to examine the association between neighborhood poverty entries and exits and adolescent depression and anxiety. In addition, we examined whether these associations differed by gender. Adolescents who consistently lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods had the highest level of depression and anxiety. Those who entered poor neighborhoods were more depressed than those who never lived in poor neighborhoods. Those who exited poor neighborhoods showed no significant difference in depression and anxiety compared to those never lived in poor neighborhoods. Furthermore, these associations applied to adolescent girls only and were not statistically significant for boys. The results suggest that neighborhood poverty has cumulative negative impacts on adolescent mental health and disproportionally affects adolescent girls. Reducing neighborhood poverty would substantially improve the health of adolescents, especially girls, which would reduce health disparities.     

Enabling positive change: Progress and setbacks in HIV and sexual and reproductive health and rights

At a point in history when the future of sexual and reproductive health including HIV looks particularly uncertain, it is helpful to recognise that many of the challenges currently faced are neither new nor insurmountable. Reflecting on past achievements and lessons learned helps us to have confidence that positive change is feasible. This paper reflects on some of the changes observed in countries like India and Mozambique and identifies a range of factors which need to coalesce to enable these developments, along with specific contextual factors. It is the combination of these influences rather than any one of them alone that brought about the change in the three instances described – fostering a positive political response to HIV in its early years in India; bringing about policy reform on abortion in Mozambique; and increasing contraceptive prevalence and age at marriage in some districts in Bihar, India. Change is always fragile and susceptible to setbacks, but change-seekers can learn in the process and gain renewed hope that progress can and often does take place if they persevere.     

儿童青少年超重肥胖评价方法及SPSS和SAS实现

超重肥胖已成为世界各国儿童青少年面临的重大公共卫生问题之一。现行的儿童青少年超重肥胖筛查标准不统一,逐条评价或自行编写程序容易出错且效率较低。本研究以中国学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查标准为例,详细介绍了国际和中国共四种评价儿童青少年超重肥胖的方法和步骤,结合具体案例详细介绍其应用方法,同时编制SPSS和SAS程序包和解...     

Car ownership and the association between fruit and vegetable availability and diet

Objective

Nearly all research on the food environment and diet has not accounted for car ownership — a potential key modifying factor. This study examined the modifying effect of car ownership on the relationship between neighborhood fruit and vegetable availability and intake.

Methods

Data on respondents' (n = 760) fruit and vegetable intake, car ownership, and demographics came from the 2008 New Orleans Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Shelf space data on fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables were collected in 2008 from a random sample of New Orleans stores (n = 114). Availability measures were constructed by summing the amount of fruit and vegetable shelf space in all stores within defined distances from respondent households. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and were run separately for respondents with and without a car.

Results

Fruit and vegetable availability was positively associated with intake among non-car owners. An additional 100 m of shelf space within 2 km of a residence was predictive of a half-serving/day increase in fruit and vegetable intake. Availability was not associated with intake among car owners.

Conclusions

Future research and interventions to increase neighborhood healthy food options should consider car ownership rates in their target areas as an important modifying factor.