血栓闭塞性脉管炎合并动脉硬化闭塞导致下肢缺血的手术治疗

目的 探讨下肢血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thmmboangiitis obliterans,TAO)合并动脉硬化闭塞症(arteriosclerosis obliterans,ASO)手术治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析2007年治疗的TAO合并ASO 6例患者的资料.2例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-胭动脉人工血管-小腿动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术,1例行腹主动脉切开取栓+内膜剥脱+腹主动脉-右股深动脉人工血管旁路移植-膝下胭动脉人工血管旁路移植术;1例行左髂总动脉-左股深动脉人工血管旁路移植一胫前动脉自体大隐静脉原位移植术,1例行左侧人工血管切开取栓+左股深动脉成形-膝下腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术,1例行右股总动脉-左股总动脉人工血管旁路移植-胫后动脉自体大隐静脉旁路移植术.结果 5例患者术后恢复顺利,1例于术后当天出现股动脉-腘动脉人工血管和远段的大隐静脉桥血栓形成,立即再次手术行人工血管和大隐静脉切开取栓术,并同时行胫后动静脉吻合.6例患者均痊愈出院,无死亡病例.5例患者的下肢远端静息痛完全缓解,1例部分缓解.足部溃疡的2例创面明显缩小,无感染发生.所有患者得到随访,平均随访为6.5个月,3例足部溃疡愈合.1例术后3个月出现左股部切口感染,最终行膝上截肢处理,残端一期愈合.其他5例患者的移植血管通畅,症状缓解.结论 对TAO合并ASO患者如果手术治疗方式恰当,可以取得比较好的疗效.     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症治疗后再闭塞的处理

目的 总结下肢动脉硬化闭塞症治疗后再闭塞的治疗经验.方法 回顾性分析2007年1月至2011年12月70例患者的临床资料,其中30例单纯股-腘动脉旁路术、15例单纯腔内成形术、25例联合治疗后下肢单侧动脉再次闭塞.70例患者共发生98次动脉闭塞.10例次在发生末次闭塞时保守治疗(组),余88例次行手术治疗[包括单纯股或人工血管取栓15例次(单纯取栓组),取栓+局部动脉微导管置入(组)抗凝溶栓13例次,取栓+远端动脉成形+微导管置入抗凝溶栓60例次].结果 保守治疗组膝上截肢5例,失访2例.单纯取栓组膝上、下截肢各1例,失访2例.取栓+微导管置入组膝下截肢1例,死亡2例.取栓+动脉成形+微导管置入组急性肾衰转透析后失访1例.本组63例患者获得随访,随访时间8～60个月,平均(24±5)个月.其中44例血管通畅,通畅率69.8％.8例患者血管闭塞后截肢,总截肢率为12.7％.结论 对于动脉硬化闭塞症治疗后再闭塞的患者,取栓+腔内血管成形+微导管置入局部抗凝溶栓近期效果较好.     

下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的治疗经验

目的总结治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的治疗经验,探索合理的治疗策略。方法回顾性总结19例下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的病例,分析再闭塞的原因,并根据原因选择再次手术的方式。其中4例行人工血管取栓术,5例行人工血管取栓＋远端吻合口成形术,3例行人工血管取栓＋股深动脉扩大成形术,2例行新的人工血管旁路术,1例行髂外动脉内膜剥脱术,2例行骨髓干细胞移植,2例由于肢体广泛坏死,行1期截肢术。在术后进行规律的随访以明确手术的效果。结果19例患者术后1年中定期随访。除2例截肢外,14例围手术期获得了1期成功,成功率82．4％,3例（17．6％）手术失败,术后1年内死亡2例,病死率10．5％。术后1年随访时,人工血管通畅6例,血管通畅率35．3％,保肢率76．4％（13例）。结论人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的治疗比较棘手,术前有效地评估闭塞原因、选择正确的手术方式和良好的随访计划是保持患者肢体功能和生存质量的重要因素。     

数字减影血管造影辅助下手术治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞12例分析

目的 总结数字减影血管造影（DSA）辅助下治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路术后再闭塞的体会,探索合理的治疗方法。 方法 回顾总结2004年12月至2006年7月烟台市毓璜顶医院血管外科在血管造影辅助下手术治疗下肢动脉人工血管旁路再闭塞12例临床资料,其中单纯人工血管切开取栓4例,人工血管取栓+吻合口成形术8例。 结果 12例病人手术均获得成功,无手术死亡。12例术后定期随访2年。术后2年随访时人工血管通畅9例,保肢11例。 结论 DSA辅助手术治疗下肢人工血管旁路术后再闭塞,对提高人工血管术后通畅率和保肢率有重要作用。     

下肢动脉搭桥术后移植物闭塞的外科治疗体会

目的探讨下肢动脉搭桥术后再缺血的治疗策略。方法选择2002年7月～2006年2月我院收治下肢动脉搭桥术后移植物闭塞患者21例，男17例，女4例，平均68．2岁；21例患者共行手术35例次：再次下肢动脉搭桥术16例次（45．7％），单纯人工血管取栓手术10例次（28．6％），人工血管取栓同时行股或胭动脉内膜剥脱术6例次（17．1％），3例患者行截肢术（8．6％）。结果35例次手术探查发现移植物闭塞原因以远侧流出道病变（62．9％）和远侧吻合口内膜增生（25．7％）为主。其中13例次术后再次闭塞行手术治疗，但人工血管搭桥术平均再发闭塞时间明显长于其他术式。2例患者围手术期死亡。17例患者末次行血运重建手术，术后随访6—44个月，平均17个月，未见缺血症状复发。结论下肢动脉搭桥术后移植物闭塞原因以远侧流出道病变为主，再次搭桥手术可作为首选术式，术后缺血反复发作导致截肢。     

旁路移植人工血管闭塞原因分析及再手术的术式选择

目的 分析旁路移植人工血管闭塞的原因，探讨再手术术式的选择。方法 回顾性分析自1993年1月至2002年5月治疗的旁路移植人工血管闭塞患者47例。均给予再手术治疗，其中单纯人工血管切开取栓9例；人工血管取栓 吻合口成形16例；人工血管或自体大隐静脉再移植22例。结果 单纯人工血管切开取栓术及人工血管取栓 吻合口成形术的2年再闭塞率分别为67％、56％，明显高于人工血管或自体大隐静脉再移植手术术式的9％。结论 人工血管或自体大隐静脉再移植手术的效果明显优于单纯人工血管切开取栓术及人工血管取栓 吻合口成形术。     

杂交技术在治疗TASC D型周围动脉闭塞性疾病中的应用

目的：总结杂交技术在治疗TASC D型周围动脉闭塞性疾病的治疗经验。 方法：回顾性分析2009年10月—2013年12月间采用杂交技术治疗的22例TASC D型周围动脉闭塞性疾病患者（24条肢体）的临床资料,其中采用髂动脉支架植入术+股总动脉内膜剥脱术（含股深动脉内膜剥脱术）+股深动脉成形术+股腘动脉人工血管旁路术治疗患者12例,采用股总动脉内膜剥脱术（含股深动脉内膜剥脱术）+股腘动脉人工血管旁路术+胫前动脉、胫后动脉球囊扩张术治疗患者4例,采用Fogarty导管取栓术+髂动脉支架植入术+股总动脉内膜剥脱术（含股深动脉内膜剥脱术）治疗患者6例。 结果：所有的患者均获得技术上的成功,围手术期无患者死亡,术后患肢疼痛改善,皮温升高,平均踝肱指数从术前的0.38升至术后的0.75。18例患者获随访3~28个月,2例患者术后发生人工血管旁路血栓形成,1例患者术后发生支架内再狭窄,其余患者未发生人工血管或支架相关并发症。 结论：杂交技术微创、安全、有效,是处理TASC D型周围动脉闭塞性疾病的合理选择,尤其适用于无法进行单纯腔内治疗的高危患者。     

下肢动脉腔内成形治疗下肢动脉旁路移植血管闭塞后严重缺血

1 临床资料 患者,男性,73岁,因下肢动脉硬化闭塞症于2005年于外院接受"左股腘动脉人工血管旁路移植术",术后人工血管闭塞,于2007年11月转至首都医科大学宣武医院,于11月28日接受"左髂外动脉球囊扩张+支架成形;左股-腘动脉人工血管-左胫后动脉自体大隐静脉移植术",术后症状缓解.     

下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症的联合治疗

目的探讨下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症治疗方法及临床疗效。方法2004年3月至2005年11月,采用髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入结合动脉旁路术、股深动脉成形术或自体骨髓干细胞移植术治疗下肢多节段动脉硬化闭塞症17例(19条肢体),术前踝肱指数(ABI)为(0.26±0.13),术前常规行血管彩超及CTA检查评价下肢动脉病变情况。结果髂动脉球囊扩张和支架植入19条,股深动脉成形11条,股-动脉人工血管转流术12条,自体骨髓干细胞移植3条,均获得成功。均未出现严重并发症。术后ABI(0.64±0.17)(P<0.05,t检验),随访期间,4例残余间歇性跛行,3例术后3个月行干细胞移植术后症状明显好转。结论多方法联合是治疗多节段多平面下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的有效方法;股深动脉的病变范围与手术治疗效果密切相关;术前正确评价股深动脉的通畅程度十分重要。     

腘动脉陷迫综合征10例外科诊治分析

目的总结腘动脉陷迫综合征的诊断及治疗经验。方法回顾性分析吉林大学中日联谊医院2012年1月至2018年7月期间诊治的10例(10条肢体)腘动脉陷迫综合征患者的临床资料。结果 10例腘动脉陷迫综合征患者中初诊症状7例为间歇性跛行,3例为急性下肢动脉缺血。9例术前超声和(或)计算机体层摄影血管造影均见腘动脉闭塞(6例明确诊断),其中7例行自体大隐静脉间位移植术,1例行腘动脉人工血管移植重建,1例行腘动脉取栓术后3 d闭塞而再次手术探查明确诊断后行股-腘动脉人工血管移植重建;另外1例入院后行数字减影血管造影后直接行置管溶栓和球囊扩张术后效果不佳而再次术中明确诊断后行肌束切除加腘动脉补片成形术。10例术后彩色多普勒超声随访3～12个月,1例自体大隐静脉间位移植远端吻合口端侧吻合重建患者术后1个月闭塞,1例腘动脉人工血管移植重建患者术后3个月闭塞,其余8例患者均通畅。结论手术治疗是腘动脉陷迫综合征唯一有效的根治治疗方式,完全闭塞病变采用自体大隐静脉间位移植重建的通畅率较高。     

Surgical Thrombectomy and Transluminal Balloon Angioplasty for Failed Above-knee Femoropopliteal Polytetrafluoroethylene Bypass Grafts

Endovascular therapy offers an alternative to redo bypass or surgical graft revision for failed above-knee femoropopliteal PTFE bypass grafts. We evaluated the outcome of surgical thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty for the treatment of thrombosed bypass grafts. Thirty selected patients with thrombosed above-knee femoropopliteal PTFE bypass grafts were treated. Under local anesthesia, a surgical thrombectomy followed by bypass graft angiography and balloon angioplasty of perianastomotic stenoses was performed. Stents were used selectively for suboptimal angioplasty results. Patients underwent duplex scanning of the bypass graft postoperatively and at 6-month intervals. Life-table analysis and log-rank (Mantel-Cox) comparisons were performed. Patients were categorized into two groups on the basis of time elapsed from initial bypass graft construction to graft failure. Group 1 included 21 patients with a mean time to graft failure of 10 months (range, 0-20). Surgical thrombectomy was successful in 20 grafts (95%) and 17 patients had a stent placed after angioplasty. Rethrombosis occurred within 30 days in seven grafts (33%) in group 1 and major amputations were performed in six patients (28%). Group 2 included nine patients with a mean time to initial bypass graft failure of 48 months (range, 29-96). All patients in group 2 had a successful surgical thrombectomy and all received a stent. None of the grafts treated in group 2 reoccluded within 30 days of intervention and one patient (11%) went on to require a major amputation. By life-table analysis, the 6- and 12-month patency for group 1 was 15.3% and 5.1%, compared to 58.3% and 38.9% for group 2 (p = 0.027). Surgical thrombectomy along with balloon angioplasty has an unacceptably high rate of failure and limb loss in patients treated for early (<2 years) femoropopliteal PTFE bypass graft thrombosis. Surgical graft revision or redo bypass is recommended to achieve successful revascularization in these patients. Treatment with surgical thrombectomy and balloon angioplasty achieves significantly greater short-term patency results in patients with late (>2 years) bypass graft failure and may be a reasonable alternative for patients who cannot tolerate reoperation or lack autogenous conduit.Presented at the Twenty-eighth Annual Meeting of the Peripheral Vascular Surgery Society, Chicago, IL, June 7, 2003.     

Sequential femoral-tibial bypass grafting for limb salvage.

Bypass grafting to distal lower extremity vessels continues to be associated with a high rate of graft occlusion. By utilizing a sequential side-to-side anastomosis between saphenous vein and popliteal artery in femoral-tibial bypass grafts, runoff can be increased and graft patency thereby improved. Sequential femoral-tibial grafts were employed in seven patients with gangrene, trophic changes, or restpain, all of whom had single-vessel runoff by arteriography. All seven sequential grafts established to a distal vessel in addition to the popliteal artery have remained open for periods of five to 27 months as determined by palpable graft or foot pulses. Two patients undersent below-knee amputation within six months of operation but had patent grafts at the time of amputation. In three patients ischemic ulcers resolved and in two patients toe amputations healed successfully. Sequential bypass grafting is a technique aimed at improving the patency rate of femoral-tibial bypass grafts by augmenting runoff.     

下肢动脉PTFE血管旁路移植术后闭塞的治疗:附86例报告

目的探讨下肢动脉PTFE血管旁路移植术后闭塞的治疗方法。方法总结近9年间收治的下肢动脉PTFE血管旁路移植术后闭塞的79例患者（共86条下肢）的临床资料。采取单纯取栓手术37条（43，1％），取栓＋向远端血管搭桥手术13条（15．1％），取栓＋介入治疗13条（15．1％），重行人工血管搭桥9条（10．5％），非手术治疗7条（8．1％），截肢7条（8．1％）。结果86条患肢中，最终截肢22条，血运重建组保肢率为63％。随访期间死亡8例（9条下肢）。结论除截肢外的上述4种手术方法对治疗下肢PTFE血管旁路移植术后闭塞均有效，可使大多数患者获得有效治疗，从而达到挽救肢体的目的。     

Prosthetic above-knee femoropopliteal bypass for intermittent claudication

There is no consensus about the most appropriate management of the patient with intermittent claudication due to a superficial femoral artery occlusion. To evaluate the natural history of prosthetic above-knee femoropopliteal (AKFP) bypass, 200 operations for intermittent claudication were reviewed. One hundred AKFP bypasses were done with PTFE and 100 with dacron. In the 30 day postoperative period, four PTFE and three dacron grafts occluded without consequence and only one patient died. Analysis of results by the life-table method demonstrated statistically similar primary graft patency rates at five years (PTFE 65% SE +/- 6.5, dacron 57% +/- 6.2) and ten years (PTFE 31% +/- 18/9, dacron 32% +/- 13.2) (p greater than 0.10). Redo procedures (e.g., thrombectomy, angioplasty) were necessary on 21 grafts (12 PTFE, 9 dacron) and "secondary" patency rates at five years were 76% PTFE and 62% dacron; no grafts which required a redo procedure were patent at ten year follow-up. Major amputations during ten year follow-up were necessary in 16 (8%) patients; all amputations were in diabetic patients. Survival rates were 79% at five and 42% at ten years. An anticipated, the leading cause of death was cardiac related (25 patients); 28 (14%) patients underwent aortocoronary bypass during follow-up. A prosthetic AKFP bypass graft is a safe and durable operation which provides relief from the symptoms of intermittent claudication while allowing for the preservation of the saphenous vein for use later in the coronary or infrapopliteal circulations, should the need arise. These results indicate that the risk of amputation after AKFP is no greater than the natural history of untreated claudication; however, AKFP offers a significant improvement in life-style.     

Successful percutaneous angioplasty after failed femorodistal bypass

Although balloon angioplasty for the management of failing bypass grafts has been well documented, little mention has been made of its use in treating the occlusive lesion within the native artery after a failed bypass graft. We report our experience with five patients in whom successful balloon angioplasty was carried out subsequent to failure of a femoral popliteal bypass graft. Increasingly aggressive percutaneous therapy of arterial occlusive disease may now be expanded to include a unique group of patients with chronically failed bypass grafts and occlusive disease within the native artery conducive to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. This group of patients would previously have been relegated to repeat bypass grafts with its inherently inferior patency and recognized added technical demands. Percutaneous balloon angioplasty appears to be a plausible alternative in selected cases for repeat lower extremity revascularization.     

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目的 探讨下肢动脉硬化继发急性血栓形成的外科治疗。方法 回顾性分析16例下肢动脉硬化继发急性血栓形成的诊断方法和手术治疗方案。结果 16例中4例行动脉取栓＋股浅动脉狭窄段内膜剥脱术，6例行动脉取栓＋股浅动脉开口处短段内膜剥脱＋股深动脉开口成形术，3例行动脉取栓＋髂外－Guo动脉搭桥＋股深动脉开口成形术，1例行动脉取栓＋股－胫前动脉搭桥，1例行动脉取栓＋髂总－股浅动脉搭桥，1例截肢。结论 下肢动脉硬化继发急性血栓形成应积极手术探查，术中除单纯取栓外，应根据具体动脉病变需要，再行动脉内膜剥脱术、股深动脉成形术或自体大陷静脉搭桥术。     

Rescue Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Graft Failure Immediately After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Case Report and Review of Literature

Abstract Perioperative graft failure remains a significant problem and carries a very high morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Different therapeutic options are available for the clinician to manage this complication. These include direct reoperation, balloon angioplasty, angioplasty along with stenting, intra‐aortic balloon pumping, and conservative medical management. Immediate percutaneous coronary intervention has been reported to be a viable alternative to emergent redo CABG in these patients. Herein, we report an additional case of early graft failure immediately following CABG and review the existing literature.     

Cryopreserved saphenous vein allogenic homografts: an alternative conduit in lower extremity arterial reconstruction in infected fields.

Autologous saphenous veins are considered the best arterial substitute for lower extremity revascularization in infected fields. The search continues for a vascular conduit in instances when an autologous biologic grafting is not feasible. Herein we report our experience with eight patients in whom cryopreserved saphenous vein allogenic homografts were used in 10 lower extremity arterial reconstructions for limb salvage with coexisting infection. Six patients with eight prosthetic grafts including four femoropopliteal, two femorotibial, a femorofemoral, and a femoroperoneal graft required complete or partial graft excision as a result of overt infection. The two remaining patients included one with an infected femoral pseudoaneurysm and another with extensive chemical burns. All cryopreserved saphenous vein allogenic homografts were of identical match to the ABO/Rh blood groupings of the recipient patients. No immunosuppressive drugs were administered after operation. Mean follow-up was 9.5 months (range, 6.0 to 14.0 months). One patient died 5 weeks after operation with a patent graft. Two grafts occluded during follow-up; in one graft, patency was restored with thrombectomy alone. The remaining seven arterial reconstructions continue to be patent with no evidence of aneurysmal dilation with complete eradication of the primary infection. These preliminary findings suggest that cryopreserved saphenous vein allogenic homografts can serve as interim conduits for lower extremity arterial reconstruction to preserve limb viability when autogenous conduits are unsatisfactory or unavailable. Further definitive reconstruction may thereafter be necessary once sepsis is eradicated and sufficient wound healing is achieved.     

腘动脉压迫综合征八例

目的 总结腘动脉压迫综合征诊治经验.方法 回顾性分析2002年7月至2010年7月收治的8例患者临床资料,其中男性7例,女性1例,年龄16～56岁,平均(29±14)岁.6例经腘窝S形切口发现并解除解剖畸形,2例腘动脉局限性狭窄合并远侧腘动脉瘤,其中1例行腘动脉缩缝成形,1例切除部分动脉瘤壁以自体大隐静脉补片成形;4例患者腘动脉闭塞,其中2例行腘动脉血栓内膜剥脱术(1例自体大隐静脉补片成形术),1例行自体大隐静脉间置术,1例行自体大隐静脉旁路手术.2例腘动脉闭塞病变较长者直接经膝下内侧切口行自体大隐静脉旁路手术.结果 8例患者术后恢复良好出院,随访4～99个月,平均(50±37)个月.7例患肢血运良好,正常活动.1例自体大隐静脉旁路术后51个月远端吻合口及腘动脉分支狭窄,行球囊扩张术后1个月后再闭塞,经保守治疗后轻度跛行.结论 腘动脉压迫综合征是导致青少年下肢缺血的少见疾病,早期正确诊断和及时手术治疗可取得良好效果.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize our experience on the diagnosis and management of 8 patients with popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES). Methods Clinical data of 8 PAES cases admitted from Jul 2002 to Jul 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 1 female with the mean age of (29 ± 14)years (ranging 16 -56 years). In 6 cases posterior "S" shaped incisions in the popliteal fossa were applied and anomalous anatomic structures were verified. Segmental stenosis and post-stenotic popliteal arterial aneurysm was identified in 2 cases, and partial resection of the aneurismal wall and arterioplasty including one with saphenous vein patch were applied; For 4 cases with short segmental occlusion of the popliteal artery, surgical treatment included thromboendarterectomy in 2 cases (with saphenous vein patch plasty in one case), saphenous vein interposition in 1 case, and saphenous vein bypass grafting in 1 case.Medial longitudinal incisions and saphenous vein bypass grafting were applied in 2 cases with long segmental occlusion in popliteal artery without exploration for anatomic anomalies. Results All patients recovered uneventfully without any notable complication. During the follow-up period ranging from 4 to 99 months [average (50± 37) months], no ischemic symptom reoccurred in 7 cases with patent arteries or grafts, and recurrent claudication occurred in 1 case with distal anastomostic stenosis. The stenosis was subsequently treated with balloon angioplasty and vein graft thrombsis occurred one month later. Medicine and exercise were recommended for the patient and now mild claudication still remains without affecting his normal life.Conclusions PAES is a disease of relatively low incidence resulting in lower extremity ischemia, which can be successfully cured with proper management.