奥卡西平治疗儿童癫痫部分性发作的临床观察

目的观察奥卡西平单药或联合用药对儿童癫痫部分性发作的疗效.方法对32例部分性发作癫痫患儿采用单药或联合使用奥卡西平,观察其疗效、不良反应.结果单药治疗组总有效率85.7%,联合用药组66.7%,但两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义.用药1个月内,本组5例患儿出现不良反应.结论奥卡西平治疗儿童癫痫部分性发作有良好疗效,不良反应少,值得临床应用.     

托吡酯单药和添加治疗儿童癫疒间的效果

目的：观察托吡酯对儿童各型癫痫的临床疗效和安全性。方法：对69例癫痫患儿进行了添加及首次诊断单药托吡酯治疗。以应用托吡酯前3个月的发作频率或月发作≥2次发作频率为基准，与应用托吡酯达到目标剂量后的月平均发作频率进行比较，计算有效率百分比。结果：托吡酯治疗各型儿童癫痫的总有效率为85．5％，单药治疗组完全控制率56．5％，添加组完全控制率47．8％。不良反应发生率为33．3％。除2例发作增多外，大部分不良反应轻微。结论：托吡酯对儿童多种类型癫痫有良好疗效，安全性高，可以作为儿童癫痫一线治疗药物。     

奥卡西平治疗成人癫痫的疗效和安全性观察

目的：观察及评价奥卡西平单药治疗成年癫痫患者的疗效和安全性。方法：109例临床新确诊的成年癫痫患者随机分为2组，一组以奥卡西平单药治疗（OXC组），另一组予以传统抗癫痫药物（卡马西平或丙戊酸钠等）单药治疗（AEDs组），随访6个月，比较两组的癫痫发作频率和不良反应。结果：OXC组总有效率79．6％，完全控制率为42．6％，不良反应的发生率20．4％，且症状较轻，患者耐受性良好；AEDs组总有效率76．4％，完全控制率41．8％，不良反应的发生率38．2％．症状多为中度，需给予对症处理或停药。两组治疗总有效率无明显差异，不良反应发生率的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：奥卡西平抗癫痫疗效肯定，不良反应轻微，是一种广谱、有效、安全的新型抗癫痫药物     

奥卡西平单药及联合用药治疗部分性癫痫发作23例疗效分析

目的：观察奥卡西平单药及合并其他抗癫痫药物治疗部分性癫痫的临床疗效及安全性。方法：对临床诊断为部分性癫痫的患者共23例（单纯部分性发作3例，复杂部分性发作13例，部分发作继发全身发作7例），采用单药或联合用药治疗，观察治疗前后癫痫发作频率的变化，同时观察用药前后脑电图变化和药物的不良反应。结果：单药治疗组发作频率减少81．09％，总有效率为80．00％；联合用药治疗组发作频率减少82．84％，总有效率为84．61％，用药前后脑电图明显好转者6例，发作严重程度明显减轻，有2例患者用药后有轻度头晕，未见其他明显不良反应。结论：奥卡西平单用及联合其他抗癫痫药物治疗癫痫部分性发作获得满意的临床疗效，且不良反应轻，有较高的临床应用价值。     

妥泰治疗癫痫的长期临床观察

目的 观察长期应用妥泰（TPM）治疗各种类型癫痫的临床疗效、安全性及用药方法。方法 采用自身对照方法，对146例各种类型的癫痫患者进行TPM合并用药（81例）和单药（65例）治疗，TPM从小剂量开始，起始量儿童〈20kg者为6．25mg／d，≥20kg者为12．5mg/d，成人为25mg／d，根据病情及不良反应，逐渐调整用药剂量。观察时间为1年～3年10个月，平均16．2个月，治疗20周后及1年后与基础期（入组前3个月）月发作频率进行比较。结果 合并用药组治疗有效率为80．2％，单药治疗组有效率为87．7％，服药1年以上总有效率为90．4％。不良反应多发生在加量期，其中单药治疗组低于合并用药组，差异有显著性。结论 TPM是一种广谱有效及安全的新型抗癫痫药，可作为一线抗癫痫药，使用过程中应注意个人化原则。     

托吡酯添加治疗婴儿痉挛症

目的观察托吡酯添加治疗婴儿痉挛症的疗效。方法选择2004年1月至2007年1月首次确诊婴儿痉挛症的患儿46例,随机分为两组各23例,治疗组使用丙戊酸钠添加托吡酯治疗,对照组使用丙戊酸钠单药治疗。结果治疗组显效率约69．6％（16／23）,对照组显效率约43．5％（11／23）,托吡酯添加对婴儿痉挛症发作控制有效率优于对照组。结论托吡酯添加能较好地控制婴儿痉挛症发作,不良反应小,依从性好,值得临床推广。     

婴儿期局灶性癫痫的药物治疗反应分析

目的 探讨婴儿期局灶性癫痫对不同抗癫痫药物的治疗反应,为临床合理用药、减少癫痫发作提供临床数据支持.方法 选择2013年12月至2017年7月在该院神经内科诊断并治疗的婴儿期局灶性癫痫患儿25例,随访时间至少18个月,分析不同抗癫痫药物的治疗有效率.结果 25例患儿均经发作期视频脑电图证实为局灶性起源癫痫.起病年龄中位数为6.38个月(1～15个月),男女比例为1.27∶1.00,随访时间中位数为38.40个月(18～60个月).10例诊断为良性(非)家族性婴儿癫痫,13例诊断为癫痫脑病(包括2例婴儿痉挛症),另外2例为无法归类癫痫患者.发作期放电起源部位以颞区居多(36.00％),其次是枕区(20.00％)和额区(20.00％).整个队列一共使用了6种抗癫痫药物(AEDs),其中以左乙拉西坦(LEV)使用率最高(37.50％),其次为奥卡西平(OXC,17.86％)和丙戊酸钠(VPA,16.07％).首次单药治疗选择最多的AEDs为LEV.首次单药、二联用药或换用第二种AEDs、三联用药或换用第三种AEDs的抗癫痫治疗有效率分别为28.00％、52.17％和59.09％.VPA(n=4)和OXC(n=2)在良性(非)家族性婴儿癫痫中的应答率均很高(100％).癫痫脑病患儿中84.62％(11/13)使用了大于或等于3种AEDs仍有频繁发作,仅1例使用VPA联合LEV后发作控制.25例患儿无1例因药物不良反应而停药.结论 婴儿期局灶性癫痫的药物治疗反应及临床转归与癫痫分类密切相关,VPA可作为一线药物选择.     

婴儿期局灶性癫痫的药物治疗反应分析

目的 探讨婴儿期局灶性癫痫对不同抗癫痫药物的治疗反应,为临床合理用药、减少癫痫发作提供临床数据支持.方法 选择2013年12月至2017年7月在该院神经内科诊断并治疗的婴儿期局灶性癫痫患儿25例,随访时间至少18个月,分析不同抗癫痫药物的治疗有效率.结果 25例患儿均经发作期视频脑电图证实为局灶性起源癫痫.起病年龄中位数为6.38个月(1～15个月),男女比例为1.27∶1.00,随访时间中位数为38.40个月(18～60个月).10例诊断为良性(非)家族性婴儿癫痫,13例诊断为癫痫脑病(包括2例婴儿痉挛症),另外2例为无法归类癫痫患者.发作期放电起源部位以颞区居多(36.00％),其次是枕区(20.00％)和额区(20.00％).整个队列一共使用了6种抗癫痫药物(AEDs),其中以左乙拉西坦(LEV)使用率最高(37.50％),其次为奥卡西平(OXC,17.86％)和丙戊酸钠(VPA,16.07％).首次单药治疗选择最多的AEDs为LEV.首次单药、二联用药或换用第二种AEDs、三联用药或换用第三种AEDs的抗癫痫治疗有效率分别为28.00％、52.17％和59.09％.VPA(n=4)和OXC(n=2)在良性(非)家族性婴儿癫痫中的应答率均很高(100％).癫痫脑病患儿中84.62％(11/13)使用了大于或等于3种AEDs仍有频繁发作,仅1例使用VPA联合LEV后发作控制.25例患儿无1例因药物不良反应而停药.结论 婴儿期局灶性癫痫的药物治疗反应及临床转归与癫痫分类密切相关,VPA可作为一线药物选择.     

奥卡西平与卡马西平治疗部分性癫痫的对照研究

目的比较奥卡西平（oxcarbazepine,OXC）及卡马西平（camamazepjne,CBZ）单药治疗成人部分性癫痫的有效性和耐受性。方法将80例部分性癫痫患者（〉16岁）分为OXC组（38例）、CBZ组（42例）,分别给予OXC或CBZ单药治疗,对两组患者进行为期1年的临床对比观察。结果两组患者治疗后的保留率及治疗后3、6、12个月发作完全控制、显效、无效、恶化率的差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。OXC组总不良反应发生率（237％）明显低于CBZ组（4512％）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗后3个月两组患者不良反应发生率的差异无统计学意义（P〉O．05）,治疗后6、12个月OXC组的不良反应发生率低于CBZ组,差异有统计学意义（均P〈O05）。结论OXC单药治疗部分‘性癫痫的有效性与CBZ相当。OXC的不良反应发生率低于CBZ,且OXC的不良反应易发生于用药初期。     

妥泰单药治疗全身强直—阵挛发作34例临床研究

目的：研究妥泰单药治疗全身强直－阵挛发作癫痫的临床疗效和耐受性。方法：对34例全身强直－阵挛发作患者以妥泰单药治疗24周，以治疗前3月的平均每月癫痫发作频率与单药治疗后9－24周平均每月癫痫发作频率进行比较，并观察脑电图的改变和药物耐受性。结果：单药治疗24周后有20例（58．9％）癫痫发作频率较治疗前减少75％以上，其中9例（26．5％）观察期间停止发作，8例（23．5％）发作频率减少74－50％，总有效率为82．4％，治疗后脑电图有明显改善者占56．5％，与治疗前比较有显著性差异（P＜0．001）。无明显不良反应。结果：妥泰单药治疗全身强直－阵挛发作的总有效率与丙戊酸，苯妥英钠相近，治疗后脑电图有显著性改善。有良好耐受性。为全身强身－阵挛发作单药治疗的有效治疗药物之一。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.