双镜联合下尿道会师术治疗急性后尿道完全断裂的临床应用

目的:探讨双镜联合下尿道会师术治疗急性后尿道完全断裂的临床应用价值。方法:选取2007年6月-2013年6月本院收治的急性后尿道完全断裂患者70例,根据治疗方法的不同分为观察组38例和对照组32例。观察组患者行双镜联合下尿道会师术,对照组患者行耻骨上膀胱切开尿道会师术。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量及并发症情况。结果:观察组的手术时间、术中出血量、并发症发生情况均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:双镜联合下尿道会师术治疗急性后尿道完全断裂是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,具有创伤小、并发症少、手术时间短等优点,值得临床推广。     

双窥镜下尿道会师术治疗男性尿道损伤的临床价值

目的 探讨双窥镜下尿道会师术治疗男性尿道损伤的临床价值,为男性尿道损伤治疗提供参考.方法 选取2010年1月至2015年1月期间在嘉应学院医学院附属医院住院治疗的80例男性尿道损伤患者,按照数字表格法随机分为A组和B组,每组40例,A组行输尿管硬镜下尿道会师术治疗,B组行输尿管镜与膀胱镜双窥镜下尿道会师术治疗,观察两组患者的治疗效果和并发症(尿道狭窄、尿失禁、勃起功能障碍)发生情况.结果 A组患者中有6例因损伤严重术中转为开放手术,B组均手术成功;B组患者的手术时间、灌注液体量、术中出血量分别为(26.7±11.5)min、(288.3±40.3)mL、(29.2±12.8)mL,分别短于(少于)A组的(32.2±8.4)min、(320.8±45.9)mL、(35.9±14.9)mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组患者的手术成功率为100.0%,明显高于A组的85.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);B组患者术后3个月内并发症发生率为5.0%,低于A组的20.0%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).A组患者的治愈率、好转率分别为70.0%、30.0%,B组分别为90.0%、10.0%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 双窥镜下尿道会师术治疗男性尿道损伤疗效肯定,较输尿管镜尿道会师术手术成功率高,术后并发症发生率低.     

局部麻醉下膀胱造瘘输尿管镜尿道会师术治疗后尿道断裂的疗效分析

目的:探讨后尿道断裂患者采用局部麻醉下膀胱造瘘输尿管镜会师术治疗的疗效。方法:选取收治的后尿道断裂患者80例,随机分为两组,各40例。对照组采用常规尿道修补术治疗,观察组采用局部麻醉下膀胱造瘘输尿管镜尿道会师术治疗,对比两组手术时间、术中出血量、最大尿流率、残余尿量和并发症发生情况。结果:观察组手术时间和术中出血量均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组最大尿流率和残余尿量与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:后尿道断裂患者采用局部麻醉下膀胱造瘘输尿管镜会师术治疗可明显提高疗效,减少手术时间和术中出血量,降低并发症发生率。     

腔镜下与开放手术行会师术治疗后尿道断裂临床疗效对照研究

目的:探讨腔镜下与开放手术行会师术在后尿道断裂患者中的应用效果。方法:选择我院泌尿外科后尿道断裂患者86例,随机分为观察组和对照组,对照组43例开放手术行会师术,而观察组43例则腔镜下行会师术,分析对比两组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、住院费用及术后性功能障碍发生率等。结果 :观察组患者在术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间及术后性功能障碍发生率均低于对照组(P<0.05),而观察组患者住院费用明显高于对照组(P<0.05),但两组手术成功率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:腔镜下行会师术治疗后尿道断裂具有术中出血量少、手术时间短、住院时间及术后性功能障碍发生率少等优点。     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性尿道损伤的疗效和安全性

目的分析输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性尿道损伤的临床疗效和安全性。方法选取2008年10月至2015年10月来冀中能源邢台矿业集团有限责任公司总医院就诊的男性急性尿道损伤患者78例,采用随机数字法分为观察组和对照组,各39例。观察组采用输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗,对照组采用开放尿道会师术治疗;记录两组临床疗效以及并发症发生情况。结果观察组手术时间为(25±8)min,出血量为(22±7)mL,24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)为(3.8±1.1)分,均显著低于对照组[(37±11)min、(41±12)mL、(4.5±1.3)分](P<0.05)。观察组拔除导尿管后1 d最大尿流率显著高于对照组[(11.4±1.7)mL/s比(10.4±2.2)mL/s](P<0.05)。观察组术后排尿等待、残余尿、尿失禁发生例数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组勃起功能障碍发生率显著低于对照组[5.1%(2/39)比20.5%(8/39)](P<0.05)。结论输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗急性尿道损伤疗效好,安全性高,值得临床借鉴使用。     

输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的临床疗效观察

目的:观察并分析输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗尿道损伤的临床疗效。方法:选取2010年5月-2014年5月本院确诊为尿道损伤且自愿接受输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗的患者70例,回顾性分析其围手术期以及随访时的数据资料。结果:70例患者均1次手术成功,均未出现尿瘘、尿失禁以及勃起功能障碍;平均手术时间(23.17±6.58)min,术中出血量(108.25±45.35)ml,灌注液体量(345.27±26.79)ml,住院时间(3.27±1.06)d;92.86%(65/70)经尿道造影检查显示尿道断端愈合理想;4.26%(3/70)显示尿道狭窄,2.85%(2/70)显示尿道变细,经对症治疗后均可自行排尿。结论:尿道损伤患者行输尿管镜下尿道会师术治疗的临床效果显著,具有临床推广应用与研究价值。     

内镜下尿道会师术治疗后尿道断裂12例分析

目的探讨内镜下后尿道断裂会师术的疗效。方法对12例骨盆骨折伴后尿道断裂患者早期行膀胱造瘘,3～4个月后行延期内镜下尿道会师术。结果所有患者均一次手术成功,术中无一例中转开放手术,手术操作时间21～75min。术后均获得随访,随访时间0.5～2年。1例术后排尿困难,膀胱镜检查示后尿道狭窄,予行尿道镜下钬激光内切开;4例术前尿道损伤后阴茎不能勃起,术后仍有3例出现不同程度的勃起功能障碍,1例接受药物治疗后勃起功能改善。结论内镜下后尿道断裂会师术具有微创、安全、有效及并发症少的特点,值得推广。     

尿道会师牵引术对早期后尿道断裂的疗效分析

目的探究分析尿道会师牵引术对早期后尿道断裂的疗效。方法对我院2006年4月至2009年9月收治的206例早期后尿道断裂患者随机分为观察组和对照组,各103例。观察组采用尿道会师牵引术治疗,对照组采用尿道吻合术治疗。对比观察两种疗法的临床疗效和不良反应等。结果观察组治疗效果的优良率为95.1%优于对照组的85.4%;并发症发生率为11.7%低于对照组的18.4%,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论早期后尿道断裂的手术疗法会带来一定的并发症,而尿道会师牵引术的并发症出现率和疗效的优秀率均位于首位,是一种手术简单、迅速、损害小的方法,可作为治疗的首选术式。     

尿道球部损伤两种急诊处理方法的比较

目的　比较膀胱镜下尿道会师术和开放性手术治疗球部尿道损伤的效果。方法　 2 0 0 0年 1月～2 0 0 3年 12月共收治球部尿道损伤患者 2 2例 ,行膀胱镜下尿道会师术 10例 (腔内会师组 ) ,行开放性手术 (开放手术组 ) 12例 ,对两种术式的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间及临床疗效等进行对比研究。结果　腔内会师组 10例中 ,置管成功 9例 ,1例因球部尿道完全断裂改行开放性手术。腔内会师组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后住院时间明显少于开放手术组 (P <0 .0 1) ,两组术后最大尿流率的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　膀胱镜下尿道会师术与开放性手术相比 ,具有手术时间短、操作方便、创伤小、疗效相似的特点 ,尤其适合于球部尿道部分断裂的患者 ;对于腔内会师术失败或球部尿道完全断裂的患者仍可行开放性手术。     

腔镜下与开放手术行会师术在后尿道断裂患者中的应用效果

目的探讨腔镜下与开放手术行会师术在后尿道断裂患者中的应用效果。方法选取2013年2月—2014年2月收治的58例后尿道断裂患者为研究对象,随机分为两组,每组29例。对照组在常规开放手术下进行会师术,实验组则在腔镜支持下实施会师术。观察两组手术时间、住院时间、术中出血量、术后性功能障碍发生率。结果实验组手术时间、术中出血量及住院时间明显少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;实验组术后性功能障碍发生率为3.4%,明显低于对照组的20.7%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论腔镜支持下行会师术用于后尿道断裂患者的疗效显著,手术时间较短、术中出血量少,术后不易发生性功能障碍,有利于患者快速恢复,值得推广应用。     

双内镜尿道会师术微创治疗尿道断裂伤

目的:探讨双内镜尿道会师术双内镜进行治疗手术方法的临床价值和操作技巧。方法:对9例尿道断裂伤患者运用双内窥镜技术,进行尿道会师术治疗。结果:9例患者均顺利完成手术,手术时间30～108 min,平均72 min。术后4～5周拔除导尿管,患者均自主排尿,定期尿道扩张,随诊6～12个月,7例无尿道狭窄,2例失随访。结论:双内镜尿道会师术微创治疗尿道断裂伤是一种操作简单、微创、疗效确切的方法。     

种植尿道黏膜细胞的可降解尿道支架重建战伤后尿道的形态学研究

目的:比较种植尿道黏膜上皮细胞的网状生物可降解尿道支架与单纯螺旋形尿道支架重建战伤后尿道狭窄的组织相容性及形态学变化。方法:成年新西兰雄兔18只,取原代培养兔尿道上皮细胞,种植于网状生物可降解尿道支架上,进行形态学鉴定及染色,观察存活状态。将种植尿道黏膜细胞的支架与单纯尿道支架,植入战伤性尿道狭窄动物模型,观察两种尿道支架重建损伤后尿道的组织相容性及形态学改变。结果:培养的尿道黏膜上皮细胞在网丝孔隙中黏附、增殖状态良好。结论:种植尿道黏膜上皮细胞的网状生物可降解尿道内支架,具有良好的修复重建战创伤后尿道狭窄的功能,有望成为修复重建战伤性尿道狭窄的有效方法。     

改良尿道套入法治疗后尿道狭窄

目的评价改良尿道套入法治疗外伤性陈旧性后尿道狭窄或闭锁的疗效.方法回顾性分析1991～2002年采用改良尿道套入法治疗67例后尿道狭窄或闭锁病人的临床资料.结果59例术后排尿通畅,4例术后近期需行尿道扩张,4例失败.无严重并发症.结论改良尿道套入术是治疗后尿道狭窄或闭锁安全有效方法,而且操作简单、并发症少.     

无痛导尿管联合利多卡因可减轻术后导尿管引起的尿道刺激症状

目的研究无痛导尿管联合利多卡因行膀胱冲洗对患者术后留置导尿管引起的尿道刺激症状的疗效。方法将2011年6
月~2012年1月男性患者,在我科行手术治疗,术后留置导尿管的患者分为两组,每组病例60人,第1组患者采用无痛导尿管联
合利多卡因,术后第1天将利多卡因配生理盐水行膀胱冲洗,第2组患者采用普通导尿管,不行利多卡因配生理盐水膀胱冲洗,
观察术后患者出现尿道刺激症状（尿道疼痛,尿急,会阴部不适等）情况。结果第1组患者出现尿道刺激症状的患者人数11人,
其余患者无特殊不适,第2组患者出现尿道刺激症状的患者人数约24人,其余患者无特殊不适,两组数据资料,具有明显的统计
学差异（P<0.05）。结论无痛导尿管联合利多卡因行膀胱冲洗可明显减轻术后留置导尿管给患者带来的尿道刺激症状,值得临
床推广应用。     

Reconstruction of urethral injuries

OBJECTIVES: To highlight the complexity of urethral injuries and to emphasise their prevention. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: Coast Province General Hospital, Mombasa, Kenya. SUBJECTS: Twenty two male patients operated between 1997 and 2007. RESULTS: Surgery for urethral injuries was done on 22 patients; 16 were of the posterior urethra, five bulbar urethra and one proximal penile urethra. The posterior urethral injuries were due to: pelvic fracture in 14, penetrating stick in one, and one animal injury by a buffalo. The bulbar urethral injuries were due to straddle injuries in four and one gunshot injury. The penile urethral injury was by compression of the subject by a motor vehicle against a wall. Anastomotic urethroplasty was performed in 20 patients, of whom 16 had complete recovery. Surgery for all bulbar and the penile urethral injuries was successful. Failure of repair with restenosis occurred in four patients with posterior urethral injuries. Bouginage was done in one patient who subsequently required no further treatment. Eventual total obliteration occurred in three patients. Reoperation was done in two of these with complete recovery in one and failure in the other who had two further urethroplasties, optical urethrotomy and is currently on clean intermittent self catheterisation. The fourth patient awaits reoperation. Sutureless membranous urethroplasty was done in two patients with posterior urethral injuries in whom sutures could not be inserted into the proximal prostatic urethra. One developed stenosis a year later, had optical urethrotomy and commenced on clean intermittent self catheterisation for a while, without further trouble. The other developed total obliteration. At repeat surgery enhanced scarring with urethral shortening were found and the operation was abandoned. The Mitrofanoff principle was applied with an appendicovesicostomy; one form of urinary diversion with a continent catheterisable conduit. On follow up, now nine years, the diversion is continent, has no catheterisation difficulties, and no urinary calculi. CONCLUSION: Urethral injuries are difficult to manage. A two pronged approach is advanced; prevention and competent repair. Surgeons managing these injuries are encouraged to acquire the needed reconstruction skills. Emphasis on prevention is paramount. Appropriate road, industrial and occupational safety measures should be enforced. Iatrogenic injuries can be avoided by due care during catheterisation and urethral instrumentation.     

A surface-modified biodegradable urethral scaffold seeded with urethral epithelial cells

Background  Efficient cell adhesion and proliferation is a central issue in cell-based tissue engineering, which offers great promise for repair of urethral defects or strictures. This study evaluated the adhesion and growth of rabbit uroepithelium on a surface-modified three-dimensional poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) scaffold.

Methods  Urethral mucosa were harvested from male New Zealand rabbits and the urothelium were dissociated and then cultured. Immunocytochemistry on cultured uroepithelium for pancytokeratin and uroplakin II and TE-7 confirmed pure populations. After in vitro proliferation, cells were seeded onto a surface-modified urethral scaffold with non-knitted filaments. The morphology and viability of the cells were examined by immunohistochemical and fluorescence staining. Inverted and scanning microscopes were used to document cell growth and adhesion.

Results  Three to five days after primary culture, the uroepithelial cells gradually became confluent, assuming a cobblestone pattern. The filaments of the urethral scaffold had excellent biocompatibility and allowed growth of the uroepithelium, without affecting viability. The uroepithelial cells adhered to and grew well on the scaffold. After 3–7 days, the cells grew vigorously and meshes of the scaffold were full of uroepitheliums.

Conclusions  The surface-modified urethral scaffold with non-knitted filaments allows the growth of uroepithelium and can serve as a carrier for the tissue engineering of urethra.

     

Management of urethral strictures

Controlled clinical trials are unusual in surgery, rare in urology, and almost non-existent as far as the management of urethral stricture is concerned. What data there are come largely from so called "expert opinion" and the quality of this is variable. None the less, the number of so called experts, past and present, is comparatively small and in broad principle their views more or less coincide. Although this review is therefore inevitably biased, it is unlikely that expert opinion will take issue with most of the general points raised here.     

尿道损伤的护理

目的：探讨尿道损伤的护理方法。方法：回顾性分析166例尿道损伤伴急性尿潴留患者的临床护理资料,依据病情的严重程度及尿道损伤的类型进行相应治疗及护理。尿道部分断裂88例,完全断裂78例。42例留置导尿管成功,48例输尿管镜下留置导尿管,24例行尿道会师,42例尿道一期吻合术,10例病重仅行耻骨上穿刺造瘘。结果：42例拔出导尿管排尿正常,仅需1~2次尿道扩张,87例出院后定期尿道扩张,56例轻度尿路感染,无严重并发症发生。结论：严密观察病情、正确的治疗护理是保证患者生命安全、减少并发症、提高治愈率的重要保障。     

Parameatal urethral cyst

Parameatal urethral cyst is a rare clinical entity, resulting in asymptomatic cosmetic concerns, distortion of urinary stream or difficulty in urination. Though they cause considerable parental concerns, natural history is to resolve spontaneously or rarely surgical excision is needed. We report a neonate with asymptomatic parameatal urethral cyst.