特殊用途化妆品的致突变性检测

报道了81份特殊用途化妆品(包括染发剂、育发剂、健美类和美乳类)的Ames试验检测结果。发现4份染发剂、1份健美霜和1份美乳霜的致突变试验呈阳性反应。本文还对可能影响染发剂致突变性的因素进行了讨论。     

2006年浙江省特殊用途化妆品卫生质量调查

特殊用途化妆品是指用于育发、染发、烫发、脱毛、美乳、健美、除臭、祛斑、防晒的化妆品,功能介于药品与普通化妆品之间,引起人体不良反应的概率比普通化妆品高.     

广东省特殊用途化妆品卫生监督监测现状分析

特殊用途化妆品是指用于育发、染发、烫发、脱毛、美乳、健美、除臭、祛斑、防晒的化妆品，因其含有特殊功能的成分，易引起人体不良反应。某些特殊用途化妆品对人体造成不良影响已见报道。为保障消费的健康，保证特殊用途化妆品的卫生质量和使用安全，我国《化妆品卫生监督条例》中规定“生产特殊用途的化妆品，必须经国务院卫生行政部门批准，取得批准号方可生产。”     

马鞍山市售特殊用途化妆品标签质量现状调查

特殊用途化妆品是指用于育发、染发、烫发、脱毛、美乳、健美、除臭、祛斑、防晒等具有一定功能性的化妆品。随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对美的追求日益增大,具有一定功能性的特殊用途化妆品日益受到人们的喜爱,使用越来越广泛。但其存在的问题也越来越突出。现将1999年及2001     

特殊用途、进口化妆品销售环节移动执法工具的应用

<正>特殊用途化妆品是指用于育发、染发、烫发、脱毛、美乳、健美、除臭、怯斑、防晒的化妆品,必须取得国家卫生部或国家食品药品监督管理局批准,取得批准文号才能生产和销售。进口化妆品必须取得国家卫生部或国家食品药品监督管理局批准,取得批准文件才能进口并销售。随着人们生活水平不断提高,特殊用     

广东省特殊用途化妆品卫生监督监测现状分析

特殊用途化妆品是指用于育发、染发、烫发、脱毛、美乳、健美、除臭、祛斑、防晒的化妆品，因其含有特殊功能的成分，易引起人体不良反应。某些特殊用途化妆品对人体造成不良影响已见报道[1]。为保障消费者的健康，保证特殊用途化妆品的卫生质量和使用安全，我国《化妆品卫生监督条例》中规定“生产特殊用途的化妆品，必须经国务院卫生行政部门批准，取得批准文号方可生产。”为进一步完善特殊用途化妆品的卫生管理体系，现将我省特殊用途化妆品卫生管理现状分析如下。材料与方法1资料来源1．11991～1997年我省化妆品生产企业申报特殊用途化…     

353份特殊用途化妆品皮肤变态反应试验结果分析

近年来 ,曾有报道某些人在使用化妆品后引起皮肤接触性过敏性皮炎[1 ] ,出现皮肤瘙痒、红斑、丘疹、水疱等症状 ,危害了消费者的健康 ,其中原因可能与化妆品成分中含有致敏原有关。为保护消费者的健康 ,我国现行法规《化妆品卫生规范》(中华人民共和国卫生部卫法监发[1 999]第 5 77号 )要求国产与进口的特殊用途化妆品 (指用于育发、染发、烫发、脱毛、健美、美乳、除臭、祛斑、防晒的化妆品 )须进行动物皮肤变态反应试验。现将 2 0 0 0年部份特殊用途化妆品进行的皮肤变态反应试验结果分析如下 :1　材料与方法1 1　样品来源由化妆品生产企…     

染发剂的致突变性研究

为进一步探讨长期使用染发剂对人体健康的危害,对78种染发剂进行了Ames试验检测。结果表明,其阳性检出率为7.7%,均为氧化型染发剂。染发剂主要对TA98菌株在代谢活化作用下产生致突变性,引起致突变性的剂量范围在2.5～5.0mg/皿之间,而对于TA97、TA100和TA102菌株无论直接作用和代谢活化后作用均未呈现致突变性。     

广东省特殊用途化妆品卫生安全性评价分析

目的：探讨特殊用途化妆品卫生安全性。方法：对2000年广东省432份国产特殊用途化妆品进行卫生安全性检测及评价。结果：化妆品合格率高低依次为除臭（100％），脱毛（88．89％），美乳（80．00％），防晒（77．88％），祛斑（75．68％），育发（64．29％），健美（50．00），染发（40．74％），烫发（28．57％），Ames试验不合格率（17．28％）最高，其次为体外哺乳动物细胞染色体畸变试验（14．81％），眼刺激性试验（14．13％），皮肤变态反应试验（10．88％），结论：特殊用途化妆品卫生安全性应加强管理。     

市售特殊用途化妆品卫生状况调查

随着生活水平的提高和化妆品技术的发展,人们对特殊用途化妆品的需求量越来越大,品种越来越多。自1989年至2001年4月,卫生部共批准特殊用途化妆品1218种。尤其是近几年,批准的数量明显增多,1996年234种,1997年199种,1998年154种,1999年64种。根据我国《化妆品卫生管理条例》规定:“特殊用途化妆品是指用于育发、染发、烫发、脱毛、美乳、健美、除臭、祛斑、防晒的化妆品”。由于此类化妆品中含有特殊物质,成分复杂,功效特殊,因此具有特殊要求。《化妆品卫生管理条例》中明文规定“生产特殊用途化妆品必须经国务院卫生行政部门批准,取得批准文号后方可生产。经营单位及个人不得销售未取得批准文号的特殊用途化妆品。”     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.