游离髂骨移植重建胫骨平台治疗严重胫骨平台骨折

对12例严重胫骨平台骨折采用带有内板骨膜的自体髂骨游离移植重建碎裂的胫骨平台手术治疗,优良率达75%,可有效防止创伤性膝关节炎的发生,最大程度地恢复膝关节功能。     

胫骨平台骨折的分类与治疗

胫骨平台骨折也称胫骨髁部骨折,属胫骨近端的关节内骨折,可有不同程度的关节面压缩与移位,将影响膝关节的对合稳定性与运动。胫骨平台骨折约占所有骨折的1%,外侧平台骨折占55%～70%,内侧平台骨折占10%～23%,内外侧平台同时骨折占10%～30%。根据骨折的部位与移位程度,胫骨平台骨折有很多的分类方法。好的分类方法应该便于记忆和指导治疗。     

关节镜辅助下胫骨平台骨折的微创治疗

目的探讨在关节镜辅助下对胫骨平台骨折进行微创治疗的手术方法及近期疗效。方法自2002年2月至2004年3月,共治疗14例胫骨平台骨折,合并前交叉韧带止点撕脱骨折5例,半月板损伤4例;Schatzker分型为Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型4例,Ⅲ型3例,Ⅳ型4例,Ⅴ型1例。术前摄片和三维CT重建,术中在关节镜辅助下,首先对合并损伤进行相应处理,然后对骨折进行解剖复位,通过螺钉和克氏针等固定,最后C形臂X线机透视确认,术后坚持早锻炼、晚负重的原则。结果所有患者均在3-4个月骨性愈合,未出现切口愈合不良、感染和骨筋膜间隔综合症等早期并发症,在随访的8-15个月期间未观察到创伤性膝关节炎和膝关节内翻、外翻畸形。根据Ras-mussen评分,13例为优良,1例SchatzkerⅢ型为可,本组评分为26±3。结论在治疗SchatzkerⅠ-Ⅴ型胫骨平台骨折时,采用关节镜辅助下的有限切口结合少量固定的手术,具有创伤小、可同时处理关节腔内的其他损伤等优势,可以获得骨折愈合快、膝关节功能良好的近期疗效,因此值得推广应用。     

胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗分析

目的探讨不同手术方法在胫骨平台骨折中的治疗价值。方法 38例胫骨平台骨折患者,按照Schatzker分型,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型6例,Ⅳ型7例,Ⅴ型8例,Ⅵ型12例。采用经皮外固定治疗15例,切开复位内固定23例。结果 38例患者随访8～36个月,平均21.3个月,优良率达86.84%。结论胫骨平台骨折的治疗应该根据骨折类型、患者年龄、软组织损伤情况以及患者的全身情况,采用不同的手术方式。对于复杂胫骨平台骨折采用外固定架与内固定物结合的方法则会有更好的疗效。     

后内侧入路治疗胫骨平台后内侧劈裂骨折

目的 探讨经后内侧入路治疗胫骨平台后内侧劈裂骨折的手术方法和临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析2006年1月-2011年11月经后内侧入路治疗的胫骨平台后内侧劈裂骨折患者36例,其中男23例,女13例;年龄21～70岁,平均40.1岁.致伤原因:交通伤19例,高处坠落伤10例,平地跌伤5例,运动伤2例.均为新鲜闭合性骨折,受伤至手术时间2～16d.骨折CT分型:后内侧劈裂骨折11例,后内侧劈裂及后外侧塌陷骨折25例.术前评估包括膝关节正、侧位X线片和CT扫描及三维重建,所有患者均采用后内侧入路治疗. 结果 36例均获随访12～32个月,平均17.5个月.无切口感染和皮肤坏死,无内固定松动及断裂,无骨不愈合,无膝关节内、外翻畸形和骨折再移位.1例术后出现小腿内下方感觉麻木,经甲钴胺营养神经对症治疗3个月后完全恢复.后内侧骨折均达解剖复位.术后根据Rasmussen膝关节功能评价:优21例,良13例,可2例,优良率为94％. 结论 后内侧入路具有显露直接、充分,软组织损伤少,不涉及重要血管神经等优点,是治疗胫骨平台后内侧劈裂骨折的理想方法.     

合并交叉韧带损伤的胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗

目的总结合并交叉韧带损伤的胫骨平台骨折的手术治疗经验。方法对36例合并交叉韧带损伤的不同类型胫骨平台骨折,采用切开复位、骨栓、松质骨拉力螺钉、克氏针钢丝张力带、支撑钢板内固定等治疗,对复位后的骨缺损行髂骨块植骨填充,最大限度恢复胫骨平台的解剖形态;对合并前和(或)后交叉韧带损伤则给予修补或重建。术后常规抗感染5～12天,早期开始主动功能锻炼,2～3周后持续被动运动关节锻炼(continuous passive motioninstnmaents,CPM)辅助锻炼。结果33例获得随访,随访时间6个月～7年,平均2年5个月。HSS膝关节评分≥85分者达84．8％,≥75分者达93．9％。结论一期修复胫骨平台骨折和交叉韧带损伤,尽可能获得与股骨髁吻合的平整关节面、下肢的正常力线和稳定的关节是恢复膝关节良好功能的基础,早期关节功能锻炼和手术并发症的预防是必要措施之一。     

关节镜辅助下微创手术治疗胫骨平台骨折

目的 观察膝关节镜辅助下微创经皮螺钉内固定术治疗胫骨平台骨折的临床疗效。方法 2001年1月-2006年1月采用膝关节镜辅助下微创经皮螺钉内固定术治疗45例胫骨平台骨折。其中男34例，女11例；年龄17岁～66岁，平均34岁。闭合性骨折38例，开放性骨折7例（刀砍伤、重物砸伤）。按Schatzker分型：Ⅰ型8例，Ⅱ型22例，Ⅲ型15例。结果 45例患者随访12～72个月，平均38个月。术后膝关节功能评价参照Rasmussen评分标准：优29例，良13例，中3例，优良率为93．3％。结论关节镜辅助下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折（SehatzkerⅠ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型），具有创伤小、复位准确、关节功能恢复良好、并发症少等优点，是一种治疗胫骨平台骨折较理想的方法。     

Insufficiency fractures of the tibial plateau

An insufficiency fracture of the tibial plateau may be the cause of knee pain in patients with osteoporosis. The diagnosis is usually not suspected until a bone scan is done, as initial radiographs are often negative or inconclusive and clinical findings are nonspecific and may simulate osteoarthritis or spontaneous. In five of 165 patients referred for bone scans due to nontraumatic knee pain, a characteristic pattern of intense augmented uptake of radionuclide confined to the tibial plateau led to a presumptive diagnosis of insufficiency fracture, later confirmed on radiographs.     

外固定支架辅助固定治疗胫骨平台骨折临床应用价值研究

目的 探讨胫骨平台骨折(FTP)患者在有限内固定的基础上加用外固定支架进行辅助性固定的效果.方法 回顾性分析2016年3月—2019年1月山东省聊城市第二人民医院骨创外科手术治疗的87例开放性SchatzkerⅣ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ型FTP患者,男性58例,女性29例;年龄19～65岁,平均39.0岁;致伤原因:道路交通伤49例,...     

手术治疗陈旧性胫骨平台骨折的临床体会

回顾分析16例陈旧性胫骨平台骨折,给予手术治疗,骨折均愈合。优7例,良6例,可3例,优良率81.25%。     

Second-look arthroscopy after arthroscopy-assisted treatment of tibial plateau fractures

The only way to show the healing potential in hyaline cartilage after the treatment of tibial plateau fractures in humans is the second-look arthroscopy. Our aim is to examine the healing potential of the hyaline cartilage in tibial plateau fractures treated with arthroscopy-assisted surgery. We applied second-look arthroscopy to the 12 patients out of 52 who had tibial plateau fractures treated by arthroscopy-assisted surgery. The mean age was 41. The tibial plateau fractures were classified according to Schatzker classification. The period between the primary surgical treatment and second-look arthroscopy was on an average of 19 months. Step-off was detected in 3 out of 12 patients. Hyaline cartilage of nine patients who did not have step-off was found obviously on the fracture line. None of them had displacement. Three patients out of 12 were above 50 years old and the average follow-up period was 26 months. Grade II-III chondral defect was detected on the fracture line and femoral condyle in patients above 50 years. For patients below 50 years old, the follow-up period was 21 months and grade I-II chondral defect was detected on the fracture line and femoral condyle. Until now in literature, tibial plateau fractures have been evaluated clinically and radiologically, but in our cases we directly saw the lesion. Cartilage healing is limited in human beings. On the fracture line, cartilage defect continues, although anatomic reduction has been achieved. Moreover, if there is step-off, insufficient healing potential appears. Although we did not have enough cases, we can say that in tibial plateau fractures anatomic reduction is mandatory. Contrary to the common idea, step-off is not tolerated by hyaline cartilage.     

手术治疗胫骨平台骨折38例体会

对38例胫骨平台骨折进行回顾性分析,35例术后膝关节功能恢复良好,胫骨平台骨折的损伤程度与预后密切相关。手术方法根据骨折的不同类型而异,术前全面评估骨折和软组织损伤的情况,术中注重骨折的复位及固定,尽可能减少损伤周围组织并注重修复损伤的软组织结构,术后正确的功能锻炼及康复治疗,是影响患者功能恢复的重要因素。     

胫骨平台骨折32例手术治疗分析

目的总结胫骨平台骨折类型、手术方式和疗效。方法回顾性分析我科2008年6月—2009年6月收治的胫骨平台骨折32例的诊断与治疗方法,并对疗效进行评估。结果 32例均获随访11～24个月,平均1.5年。全部骨性愈合。疗效按Merchant评分:优23例、良6例、可3例,优良率90.6%。结论手术是治疗胫骨平台骨折的有效方法,需根据骨折类型选择合适的手术治疗方案。满意的疗效取决于解剖复位、骨缺损植骨、稳定的内固定和早期功能锻炼。     

Reconstructed three-dimensional MR images: application to simulated tibial plateau depression fractures

PurposeThe aim of this study was to test the accuracy of measurements obtained from three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructed magnetic resonance images in the setting of a depressed tibial plateau fracture.MethodsA simulated bilateral tibial plateau depression fracture was surgically induced in a disarticulated ovine knee. An attached perspex spacer was used to allow controlled fragment displacement, while maintaining a constant fracture gap. Ten identical intermediate-T2-weighted acquisitions (2.0 mm slice thickness) were acquired at different fragment displacement levels. Using a commercially available software package, these data were then used to generate 10 corresponding sets of 3-D images. Computer measurements were made of the volume of bony fragments, the width of the fracture gap, the degree of infero-medial and infero-lateral fragment depression and these findings were compared with caliper and volume displacement measurements taken from the phantom itself.ResultsMean volumes derived from 3-D reconstructed MR images for the two bony fragments were 10,363.26 mm³ and 8273.27 mm³ (percentage measurement error (PME) of 2.21% and 2.49%, respectively). The mean fragment separation was 2.97 mm (PME 3.98%). The mean raw measurement error when measuring the degree of fragment depression was 0.31 mm and this was considered clinically acceptable.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that 3-D reconstructed MR imaging may be sufficiently accurate for the evaluation of tibial plateau depression, fracture gap and fragment volume.     

Radiographic evaluation of tibial plateau fractures

Thorough radiographic evaluation of tibial plateau fractures is necessary in order to determine the extent and type of injury. Routine anteroposterior and lateral radiographs should be supplemented by oblique and horizontal beam lateral views. Tomography most accurately delineates fracture anatomy and thus plays a key role in planning treatment; the surgical approach is determined by the tomographic localization of the fracture fragments. The radiologist's understanding of tibial plateau fractures aids the orthopedic surgeon in the management of these patients.     

多层螺旋CT对胫骨平台骨折的诊断价值

目的:评价MSCT在胫骨平台骨折的分类及制定合理的治疗方案方面的价值。方法:对24例常规X线平片或临床诊断为胫骨平台骨折的患者进行MSCT扫描,并对图像进行MPR、SSD和VR重建,对骨折的部位、范围、碎骨片的数量或骨折程度、胫骨平台受累情况、手术入路、骨质疏松程度及骨组织的缺损等做出评价。骨折的分型根据Swiss AO-ASIF法。结果:24例患者中有19例进行了手术治疗,术中所见与轴位MSCT和MPR、SSD及VR重建图像综合做出的诊断一致。结论:MSCT及其MPR、SSD、VR重建技术对于胫骨平台的骨折分型及术前评价有重要意义。     

后外侧入路治疗胫骨平台骨折疗效分析

目的 探讨膝关节后外侧入路手术复位内固定治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的临床疗效. 方法 选择2006年1月- 2009年7月采用后外侧入路手术治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折患者32例,其中男19例,女13例;年龄27 ～ 70岁,平均38.1岁.致伤原因:交通伤19例,高处坠落伤9例,其他伤4例.合并伤:合并前交叉韧带损伤7例,均为胫骨平台止点撕脱. 结果 本组32例均获随访12～36个月,平均18.2个月.骨折全部愈合,无切口感染,无内固定松动或断裂,无膝关节内、外翻畸形或骨折再移位.1例患者术后出现腓总神经牵拉伤,用甲钴胺片保守治疗2个月后恢复.术后根据Rasmussen膝关节功能评定评分标准:优19例,良11例,可2例,差0例,优良率为94％. 结论 膝关节后外侧人路手术治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折,有利于骨折的复位和固定,具有暴露清楚、内固定安放方便、创伤小及临床疗效好等优点.     

Arthroscopy-assisted operative management of tibial plateau fractures

This retrospective review evaluated the results of arthroscopy-assisted surgery for tibial plateau fractures in 45 patients with closed tibial plateau fractures. The fracture involved articular depression in 27 patients in whom lifting and bone grafting with autogenous corticocancellous iliac bone graft was required. In 23 patients there were also meniscal lesions, which were treated by partial resection in 16 and repaired in 7. Internal fixation was performed using screws in 36 knees and plate in 10 knees. Radiological results were evaluated according to the Resnic-Niwoyama criteria; mean follow-up was 36 months (range 14-72). There was no intraoperative complication in the series, but postoperatively there were one infection and one loss of correction. Results were satisfactory in 89% of cases, according the Rasmussen criteria. Arthroscopy is thus an excellent and minimally invasive method for assessment and treatment of tibial plateau fractures. The advantages are complete and anatomical reduction in the fractured articular surface and evaluation of other concomitant intra-articular pathology and entails only little additional morbidity, especially compared to arthrotomy.