右叶肝胆管结石的临床病理类型

目的 探讨右侧肝胆管结石的分布类型.为外科治疗提供依据.方法 报告1998-2005年第三军医大学西南医院全军肝胆外科研究所收治并接受手术的右侧肝胆管结石106例的结石分布情况.结果 右半肝型25例占23.8%,右半肝合并左叶型33例占31.1%,右后叶型15例占14.1%,右后叶合并左叶型9例占8.5%,右前叶型4例占4.8%,右前叶合并左叶型6例占5.7%,右后叶下段型3例占2.8%.右后叶下段合并左叶型6例占5.7%,右半肝型加上合并左叶型数量明显多于右后叶或右前叶型合并左叶型(P<0.01),右半肝型与右半肝合并左叶型或右后叶型比较无统计学差别(P>0.05).结论 右半肝型和右半肝合并左叶型构成右侧肝胆管结石50%以上,右半肝型右后叶型加上合并左叶型构成右侧肝胆管结石的绝大多数,右半肝切除、右后叶切除联合左侧肝管取石是最常用的手术类型,此种结石分布类型同右肝管解剖与肝门的病理改变相关.     

Impact of counterclockwise rotation of the right middle lobe following right upper lobectomy

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESFollowing right upper lobectomy, the right middle lobe may shift towards the apex and rotate in a counterclockwise direction with respect to the hilum. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and clinical impact of middle lobe rotation in patients undergoing right upper lobectomy.METHODSFrom January 2014 to November 2018, 82 patients underwent right upper lobectomy at our institution for lung cancer using a surgical stapler to divide the minor fissure. Postoperative computed tomography scans evaluated the counterclockwise rotation of the middle lobe, in which the staple lines placed on the minor fissure were in contact with the major fissure of the right lower lobe (120° counterclockwise rotation). Clinicoradiological factors were evaluated and compared between patients with and without middle lobe rotation. We also reviewed surgical videos in patients with middle lobe rotation to evaluate the position of the middle lobe at the end of surgery.RESULTSNine patients had a middle lobe rotation (11%), where 1 patient required surgical derotation. Patients with middle lobe rotation were significantly associated with more frequent right middle lobe atelectasis and severe postoperative complications compared with those without rotation. A surgical video review detected potential middle lobe rotation at the end of the surgery.CONCLUSIONSMiddle lobe rotation without torsion following right upper lobectomy is not rare, and it is associated with adverse postoperative courses. Careful positioning of the right middle lobe at the end of surgery is warranted to improve postoperative outcomes.     

Surgical management and treatment of a traumatic right atrial rupture

We have treated three patients with blunt traumatic right atrial rupture, all of whom survived after an emergent cardiac repair without cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiac tamponade was seen in two of the three cases on ultrasonographic cardiography (UCG). The site of rupture was the right atrial appendage in two cases and the superior vena cava-right atrial (SVC-RA) junction in one case. Hemostasis had been obtained at the time of pericardiotomy because of compression by hematoma. Some patients with a right atrial rupture respond to initial volume resuscitation. Suspecting some cardiac injuries in patients with traumatic pericardial effusion on UCG, a patient with a right atrial rupture can survive with a high probability, without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass.     

Right ventricular failure due to primary right ventricle osteosarcoma

A 68-year-old woman with symptoms of dyspnea and peripheral edema was referred to our hospital. Chest computed tomography (CT) scans revealed a huge mass occupying the pulmonary trunk and invading the right main pulmonary artery, with metastatic nodules in the left main and left lower pulmonary artery. She was given a diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism and was anticoagulated to no effect, which suggested a neoplasm. Palliative resection of the tumor was carried out even though she was in serious condition with right ventricular failure, liver congestion, renal dysfunction, and coagulopathy disorder. The histopathology, postoperative systemic CT scan, and bone scintigram provided a definitive diagnosis of a primary right ventricle osteosarcoma. Primary cardiac osteosarcoma has a poor prognosis, and this patient was at an advanced stage with pulmonary metastases. Surgical intervention should offer these patients significant palliation to relieve the clinical symptoms due to obstruction.     

Confluence of the right adrenal vein with the accessory right hepatic veins

Confluent drainage of the right adrenal vein and large accessory right hepatic veins was encountered during a laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. In a review of previous reports of laparoscopic adrenalectomies we found no mention of this finding. However, an anatomic study reported that the right adrenal vein joins with an accessory right hepatic vein in as many as 22% of individuals. A complete understanding of the anatomic variations in the drainage of the right adrenal vein is required for the safe performance of laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. Received: 31 October 1995/Accepted: 6 December 1995     

Aggressive invasive recurrence of a right atrial myxofibrosarcoma

A 58‐year‐old man presented with left‐sided chest discomfort 9 years ago. At that time a 12‐centimeter extrapleural mass was resected via left thoracotomy. Surgical pathology revealed a low‐grade myxofibrosarcoma. Since that time, he had undergone three separate resections of recurrent left extrapleural masses with sternotomy and thoracotomy. He proceeded to have a five‐year disease‐free interval after which a pericardial mass invading into the right atrial free wall, the atrioventricular groove, and the right coronary artery was identified. Surgical resection was performed with negative margins and the right atrium and atrioventricular groove were reconstructed without any residual tricuspid regurgitation.     

腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术 35例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜外科技术在右半结肠切除手术中的应用。方法对1999年8月至2003年8月施行腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术的35例患者的临床资料和随访情况进行回顾性分析。结果33例在腹腔镜下完成右半结肠分离,辅助小切口,于腹腔外行肠系膜上动静脉周围淋巴清扫、右半结肠切除和吻合。无手术死亡,中转开腹2例,中转率5.7%(2/35)。平均手术时间181min,平均出血量94ml,辅助切口平均长5cm,平均术后住院日9d,术后早期肠梗阻1例。33例患者术后随访1～48个月,1例DukesC2期中分化腺癌患者,术后4个月发现双肺及左锁骨上淋巴结转移。全组患者的Trocar穿刺孔及腹壁切口无肿瘤种植转移。结论腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术是安全可行的,适合于各期的回盲部和升结肠肿瘤。只要手术医师遵守肿瘤处理原则、熟练掌握腹腔镜技术,就能顺利地完成此类手术。     

完全腹腔镜下右半肝切除术的体会

目的探讨完全腹腔镜下右半肝切除术的操作要点和注意事项。方法分析3例完全腹腔镜下右半肝切除术患者的临床资料、手术操作要点及治疗效果。结果 2例患者顺利完成完全腹腔镜下右半肝切除术,手术时间分别为130min和150min,术中出血量分别为200ml和450ml,术后住院时间均为5d。1例因术中血管瘤破裂出血而中转开腹,中转开腹前出血量约800ml。3例患者术后均顺利恢复,无出血、胆漏等相关并发症发生。结论合理选择患者、术中细致操作、果断中转开腹,完全腹腔镜下右半肝切除术是安全可行的。     

Intracardiac hydatid cyst located in right ventricular outflow tract: a rare site

Intracardiac hydatid cyst is relatively uncommon and involvement of right ventricular outflow tract is extremely rare. We report a rare case of intracardiac hydatid cyst involving the right ventricular outflow tract and do a review of literature.     

Cadaver fitting study of the DexAide right ventricular assist device

The DexAide right ventricular assist device (RVAD) has been developed to provide an implantable RVAD option to surgeons. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal cannula design and optimal implantation location of the DexAide RVAD in preparation for its clinical use. Separately, a HeartMate XVE left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and CorAide LVAD models were implanted into the preperitoneal and right thoracic space, and the anatomical fit of the DexAide RVAD was evaluated in five preserved human cadavers. The DexAide RVAD inflow cannula was inserted through the diaphragmatic surface of the right ventricle and the outflow was directed to the pulmonary artery. Right thoracic implantation of the DexAide RVAD provided an excellent fit with either the HeartMate or CorAide LVAD in all cadavers. The results of this study will guide improvements in the designs of cannulae and implantation of the DexAide RVAD in future clinical applications.     

Adult living donor liver transplantation using right posterior segment

Varying circumstances call for various types of donor hepatectomy. We report here on an unusual type of donor hepatectomy, right posterior segmentectomy. A 46-year-old sister of the recipient was the donor. Her preoperative CT showed that the right anterior portal vein originated from the umbilical portion of the left portal vein. Intraoperative cholangiography revealed that the right posterior hepatic duct joined the common hepatic duct in the extrahepatic area. Right posterior segmentectomy was performed without transfusion in the donor. The postoperative course proceeded favorably in both donor and recipient until postoperative day 41, when the recipient unexpectedly expired as a result of cerebral hemorrhage. The donor was discharged with good liver function. We can conclude that the right posterior segment of the donor can be used as a graft, when the volume of left liver is not enough for both donor and recipient, or the vascular structures favor right posterior segmentectomy.     

Temporary right heart assist: a minimally invasive approach

A surgical method for the implantation of a mechanical right ventricular assist device which avoids resternotomy/thoracotomy and related complications at the time of explantation is presented. In order to support the failing right heart, a Dacron vascular graft was sewn to the pulmonary artery. For venous drainage, a cannula was inserted into the right atrium via the femoral vein. Explantation of the system, after the right heart resumed its function, was accomplished by retracting and compressing the venous cannula in the groin as well as by retracting the arterial cannula from the Dacron vascular graft followed by suturing without opening the chest. Between 2006 and 2011, this system was used in 12 patients. The median duration of right heart support was 10.5 days. Seven patients were successfully weaned from the system, six patients survived. In all cases, explantation was free of complications. The technique described is a safe method to support the right heart and allows explantation without the risks and complications of reopening the thorax.     

Video-assisted thoracic surgery for left lung cancer in a patient with a right aortic arch

We report a rare case of left lung cancer in a patient with a right aortic arch. A 65-year-old woman was diagnosed to have an adenocarcinoma in the left upper lobe (S3) in addition to a right aortic arch (type II), with the left subclavian artery originating from the descending aorta. Left upper lobectomy and lymph node dissection was performed by video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS). For the mediastinal dissection, the upper mediastinal lymph nodes were easily resected after verifying the location of the arterial ligament and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). This is the first report of using VATS to remove a lung cancer from a patient with a right aortic arch.     

腹腔镜肝外格立森鞘外右肝蒂血流阻断新技术应用

目的探讨腹腔镜下肝外格立森鞘外右肝蒂血流阻断技术应用的可行性和安全性。方法从2013年3至8月,我们对8例右肝肿瘤患者实施了腹腔镜肝切除术,其中原发性肝癌3例,肝肉瘤样癌1例,肝血管上皮样肿瘤1例,肝血管瘤2例,肝转移癌1例。术中控制出血方法采用了肝外格立森鞘外右肝蒂血流阻断技术,通过降低前肝门板,分离后肝门板,最后通过直角钳完成肝外右Glisson鞘外的分离及预阻断。结果实施右半肝切除3例,肝5、6段切除2例,肝6、8段切除1例,肝6段切除2例,分离肝门板时间15～20min,无出血及胆漏等并发症。结论腹腔镜下经肝门板右半肝血流阻断技术安全可行、操作简单、可重复性强,该技术的应用有利于促进腹腔镜右肝切除的开展。     

腹腔镜肝右后区切除术的关键技术与策略

近年，腹腔镜肝切除术(LH)因其安全性、有效性、微创性等特点，在肝脏外科中飞速发展。腹腔镜肝右后叶切除由于其肝断面大、术野暴露困难、解剖结构复杂等特点，难度大、风险高。尤其是肝右后区临近膈面、位于腹腔深部、手术创面大和内结构复杂的特点，且右后叶临近右侧肾上腺、贴近下腔静脉，无疑增加了手术难度。本文主要论述腹腔镜肝右后叶切除的一些要点与策略。     

Laparoscopic versus open right hepatectomy: a comparative study

Background

The safety of laparoscopic major liver resections is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to compare our results for laparoscopic right hepatectomy (LRH) with those for open right hepatectomy (ORH).

Methods

Patients undergoing LRH were compared with retrospectively selected patients from our ORH database. The 2 groups were well matched for sex, age, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, body mass index, liver disease, and tumor size. Surgical and postsurgical outcomes were compared.

Results

Seventy-two patients were analyzed: 22 in the LRH group and 50 in the ORH group. Operating time was similar. Blood loss was significantly less in laparoscopic resections (P = .038). Specific morbidity rates were not different, general morbidity was lower after laparoscopy (P = .04), and the severity of postsurgical complications was not different. Mean hospital stay was significantly shorter after laparoscopy (P = .009).

Comments

Laparoscopy improved surgical and postsurgical outcomes for ORH in selected patients. This is the first comparative study to demonstrate an advantage of laparoscopy for a major liver resection. Prospective randomized studies with a greater number of cases are needed to confirm the role of laparoscopy in major liver resections.     

Anterior approach for right hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

Background/Purpose. Right hepatectomy is indicated for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, but mobilization of the right lobe could be difficult when perihepatic adhesion develops in response to repeated cholangitis and forceful mobilization may disseminate bacteria if the obstructed biliary tract contains pus. We encountered a patient who died from postoperative sepsis and multiorgan failure. Methods. To circumvent such a difficulty, we employed the anterior approach right hepatectomy in a second patient with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. In this patient, liver transection and division of the hepatic vein were performed before mobilization of the right lobe. Results. The second patient recovered uneventfully. Conclusion. The anterior approach (utilizing the no-touch technique) may be a preferred procedure for right hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.     

腹腔镜右半结肠切除术35例临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜右半结肠切除术治疗结肠癌的安全性与有效性。方法:回顾分析2002年2月至2004年12月行腹腔镜辅助右半结肠切除术35例患者的临床资料和随访情况,以研究其手术的安全性,术后康复情况及肿瘤的根治性效果。结果:术中未发生严重并发症和死亡病例,2例(5.7%)中转开腹,手术时间(155.14±35.79)min,术中出血(111.43±87.62)ml,辅助切口长(5.69±1.00)cm,患者排气时间(2.54±1.12)d,总住院时间(14.54±6.45)d。清扫淋巴结总数14(0~50)枚,其中结肠上、旁淋巴结4(0~21)枚,系膜间淋巴结5(0~18)枚,血管根部淋巴结3(0~35)枚,手术切除标本长度(20.73±7.14)cm,肺部感染、术后腹水、腹腔局部积液、乳糜漏各1例,余者未见术后并发症,患者均获随访,平均41个月(8~68个月),2例局部复发,3例术后发生肝转移,累计生存率为76.8%。结论:腹腔镜右半结肠切除术治疗右半结肠癌安全有效,符合肿瘤根治原则。     

Malignant pleural mesothelioma in a 14-year-old boy with right aortic arch

We report successful surgery for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in a 14-year-old boy with right aortic arch. Pleural biopsy by video-assisted thoracic surgery yielded a diagnosis of MPM, epithelial type. As the disease was not changed after combination chemotherapy with three cycles of cisplatin and gemcitabine, we performed left extrapleural pneumonectomy, including resection of the pericardium and diaphragm for MPM, and aortopexy for right aortic arch. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient has remained alive without disease for 10 months postoperatively.