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目的    探讨口内入路牵引成骨术配合语音治疗对唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不良患者的治疗效果。方法    对2007—2009年在南昌大学口腔医院接受治疗的9 ~ 12岁唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不良畸形患者21例采用高位Le Fort I型截骨术,将上颌骨完全断离,安装口内牵引器,术后3个月开始语音训练,定期接受发音指导和语音测评,记录结果并进行统计分析。结果    21例患者手术效果满意,未见严重并发症,通过语音治疗,发音改善明显。结论    骨牵引成骨术用于矫治唇腭裂术后继发上颌骨发育不良,可早期解除上颌骨畸形,在一定程度上改善患者的腭咽闭合功能,再配合语音治疗可有效提高语音效果。     

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??Objective    To study the antibacterial effect of different concentration of Erythrosin B on oral supragingival plaque. Methods    Oral supragingival plaque was collected from 5 patients with periodontitis??diagnosed by the Department of Stomatology??the First Hospital of Harbin City. The suspensions were configured at the standard concentration with Turbidimetry for use. The configured suspensions were mixed with the Erythrosin B solutions respectively at the different concentrations in the condition of dark. The final bacterial suspensions were incubated and cultured. Photograph and count each plate. Compare the bacterial colony numbers between the blank group and experimental groups and the results were analyzed statistically. Results    When the Erythrosin B concentration was 0.5??1.0??2.0??4.0 and 8.0 g/L??the bacterial colony numbers in experimental groups ??303 ± 39.09??255 ± 51.18??111 ± 19.32??115 ± 28.54 and 121 ± 39.80??showed differences compared with that of the blank group??374 ± 14.83????P < 0.05??. The bacterial inactivation rate grew significantly with the increase of concentration when it was between 0.5 g/L and 2.0 g/L ??P < 0.05??. The bacterial inactivation was about 70% when the concentration was 2.0 g/L. The growth of bacterial inactivation rate decreased with the concentration when it was between 4.0 g/L and 8.0 g/L??but there was no significant differences??P > 0.05??. Conclusion        Erythrosin B has antibacterial effect on oral supragingival plaque.     

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??Abstract??Objective To evaluate the efficiency of mini-screw implants as anchorage for extruded molar intrusion. Methods Thirteen patients with over-erupted maxillary molars were selected??including 9 patients with extruded maxillary first molars because mandibular first molars missed??and 4 patients with extruded maxillary second molars because of molars scissors bite on one-side posterior teeth. All the extruded first maxillary molars were intruded in gingival direction with mini-screw implants anchorage. Lateral cephalograms and orthopantomograph were taken at the beginning and the end of the treatment. The movement of molars in vertical dimension was analyzed. Results The extruded first maxillary molars were intruded ??3.00±0.65??mm averagedly in 6.5 months. Conclusion Mini-srcew implant as anchorage is an effective method to intrude the extruded maxillary molars.     

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??Objective    To evaluate the effect of HMME-mediated adjunctive sonodynamic therapy??SDT??on periodontitis in rats??in order to provide theoretical and experimental evidence for the clinical application of SDT. Methods    Ligatures were placed on the subgingival regions of the first maxillary molar in 54 rats to induce the periodontitis models. Then the rats were randomly divided into three groups with 18 rats in each group.??1??The control group was treated by normal saline??NS?? to wash the periodontal pocket????2??the scaling and root planing??SRP??group received SRP and was washed with normal saline????3??the SRP plus SDT group was treated by SRP and washed with normal saline?? and then was treated through subcutaneous injection of HMME 1 mL??40 μg/mL??. After 90 min of incubation in the dark??the ultrasonic treatment at the frequency of 1 MHz and the intensity of 3W/cm2 was given for 10 minutes. SDT was performed every other day. Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 6??10??or 14 days postoperatively and periodontal tissue samples were taken for histological examination and immunohistochemical analysis. Results    SRP plus SDT group had reduced number of inflammatory cells. The expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand ??RANKL??was weakly positive??and the number of positive Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase??TRAP?? was significantly reduced ??P < 0.05????compared to the SRP and the control group??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    SDT is an effective adjunctive therapy for periodontitis in rats.     

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目的评价钛酸钡(BaTiO3)压电陶瓷涂层对种植支抗稳定性及其周围骨改建情况的影响。方法本研究于2013年8月至2014年1月在兰州军区总医院进行。选择5只成年杂种犬,将机械处理表面支抗种植钉(对照组)植入犬左侧下颌骨,BaTiO3压电陶瓷涂层支抗种植钉(实验组)植入犬右侧下颌骨,每侧各2枚;术后2周,给予1.96 N交互牵引力持续1个月,测量2枚种植体位移并通过影像学检查、组织学染色分析、生物力学检测观察种植支抗稳定性及其与周围骨结合的效果。结果与对照组相比,实验组BaTiO3压电陶瓷涂层种植支抗移动距离明显减小,骨形成活跃,骨结合率及最大拔出力显著升高,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在种植支抗表面制备BaTiO3压电陶瓷涂层可有效增加种植支抗的稳定性。     

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目的 探讨用光固化法修复金属烤瓷修复体（PFM）崩瓷的临床效果。方法 对2003年9月至2008年9月建阳市立医院口腔科收治的23例PFM崩瓷病例采取折裂断面固位预备,利用10.0%～12.5%氢氟酸进行黏结面的瓷表面处理30～120 s,必要时在裸露的基底冠上进行粗化或制备固位洞型,配合使用硅烷瓷处理剂和自酸蚀黏结材料,用树脂进行光固化复色充填修复。结果 修复后随访观察6个月至5年,23例中20例修复后修复体无松动、脱落、变色,效果良好,成功率86.96％。3例松脱后重新修复,效果满意。结论 利用光固化技术进行崩瓷口内即刻修补,具有经济、美观、简便、有效的特点,值得临床推广应用。     

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目的探讨拔除阻生智牙治疗大学生颞下颌关节紊乱病（temporomandibular disorders,TMD）的临床效果。方法选择2009年9月以来广东工业大学医院口腔科青年大学生TMD并智牙阻生患者136例,随机分为2组,每组68例,试验组采取心理＋药物＋局部理疗＋阻生牙拔除术等综合治疗,对照组仅采取心理＋药物＋局部理疗等保守治疗。两组完成治疗后随访观察1年,对比疗效差异。结果试验组总有效率为91.2%,对照组总有效率78.0%,两组疗效差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论拔除阻生智牙对治疗青年大学生TMD有较好的疗效,可列为青年大学生TMD系列治疗方法之一。     

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目的探讨人类免疫缺陷病毒（Human immunodeficiency virus，HIV）感染者口腔印模和模型的消毒方法。方法本研究于2008年7月至2011年i0月在福建医科大学附属口腔医院中心实验室完成。选择福建省某戒毒所现有1000余名戒毒人员中有口腔修复诊疗需求的HIV感染者28例，分别用2％戊二醛消毒液和含氯消毒液对其口腔印模及模型进行消毒。根据印模与模型是否同时消毒分为4组，用无菌棉拭子在灌注后的模型表面采样，并用核酸定量法检测不同消毒方法对HIv灭活的影响。结果印模与模型均进行消毒后，模型表面HIV的灭活对数值为5．12，印模与模型均不消毒时，模型表面HIV的灭活对数值〈1．00。仅对印模进行消毒和仅对模型进行消毒时，模型表面HIV的灭活对数值分别为3．28及2，34。结论口腔诊疗中完善的印模及模型消毒可以有效地阻止艾滋病的传播与交叉感染；单独对印模或模型消毒无法完全灭活HIV。     

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目的探讨应用联结式树脂金属牙弓夹板防治下颌骨颏体部骨折内固定术后错位愈合和错畸形的临床疗效。方法对2001年10月至2008年12月福建省建阳市立医院收治的50例下颌骨颏体部骨折患者,随机分为两组,试验组(29例)采用内固定术+联接式树脂金属牙弓夹板固定联合治疗,对照组(21例)采用单纯内固定术治疗,术后3～6个月复查咬合关系和X线片,观察两组患者错位愈合和错畸形的发生情况。结果两组患者术后均无感染,术后3～6个月开口度均大于37mm;咬合关系复查,试验组出现2例错(6.9%),对照组出现8例(38.1%),经卡方检验,两组术后错的发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。X线复查,试验组所有患者下颌骨均未见错位愈合、骨愈合不良和假关节形成,对照组1例患者下颌骨出现错位愈合。结论内固定术+联结式树脂金属牙弓夹板固定联合的方式可以有效防治下颌骨颏体部骨折内固定术后错的发生。     

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??Objective??To analyze and evaluate the clinical effect of customized bracket-less appliance for class I malocclusion by 3Shape 3D digital simulation technology. Methods??Seventy-two patients with Angle Class ?? malocclusion were enrolled??of whom 35 were crowding and 37 were scattered interstitial. Customized bracket-less appliance was used in orthodontic treatment??3Shape three-dimensional digital simulation was used for analysis and evaluation of the treatment effect. Results??Seventy-two patients achieved satisfactory clinical results. For crowding patients??the patient's anterior ratio??maxillary length??mandibular length??left incisor coverage??and right incisor coverage were significantly improved after treatment. For scattered patients??the total tooth ratio??anterior ratio??maxillary length??mandibular length??left incisor coverage??right incisor coverage??maxillary canine width??and mandibular canine width were significantly improved after treatment. Conclusion??Customized brackets-less appliance can effectively correct the malocclusion in Angle Class ??crowding patients and interstitial patients.     

氟化物在预防正畸釉质脱矿中的应用

釉质脱矿是正畸临床中经常伴有的牙体损害,一旦发生,大部分不可逆转,常会影响到牙齿的健康和美观,因此预防釉质脱矿非常重要.氟化物的应用可以抑制釉质脱矿的发生并促进釉质再矿化.氟化物防龋机制主要是降低釉质溶解度、生成氟化钙和氟磷灰石来促进釉质再矿化.本文就氟化物预防正畸釉质脱矿的可能机制和预防方法进行综述.     

两种氟保护漆用于预防正畸治疗釉质脱矿的临床比较研究

目的：比较两种氟保护漆预防正畸治疗釉质脱矿的临床效果。方法：选取临床正畸患者20例440颗需要粘接正畸装置的牙齿,采用自身对照的方法,实验组220颗牙,用氟保护漆ClinproTM XT Varnish（3M ESPE）处理牙面,对照组220颗牙,用氟保护漆Fluor Protector（Vivadent）处理牙面。观察两组牙齿托槽脱落率及釉质脱矿指数（enamel decalcification index,EDI）。结果：实验组和对照组的托槽脱落率经统计学分析,差异无统计学意义（x2＝0．259,P ＝0．611）;两组釉质脱矿指数比较,差异无统计学意义（t＝0．362,P＝0．718）。结论：氟保护漆ClinproTM XT Varnish和Fluor Protector用于预防正畸治疗中釉质脱矿具有较好的临床效果。     

氟化泡沫防止正畸固定矫治患者釉质脱矿的实验研究

目的观察氟化泡沫在酸性环境下抑制牙釉质脱矿的作用。方法样本制备后,实验组样本用氟化泡沫处理,对照组藻酸盐印模封闭处理。显微硬度计分别测定人工龋蚀前后样本釉质表面显微硬度,甲基麝香草酚蓝法测定样本酸蚀钙溶出量。结果实验组钙溶出量和釉质显微硬度变化与对照组比较有统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论氟化泡沫能抑制酸性环境下的牙釉质脱矿,能防止正畸固定矫治患者釉质脱矿。     

The efficacy of a fluoride varnish in reducing enamel demineralization adjacent to orthodontic brackets: an in vitro study

OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that fluoride varnish is effective in reducing demineralization (white spot) lesions adjacent to bonded orthodontic brackets. DESIGN: Two similar samples of extracted bovine incisors, with bonded orthodontic brackets, were separated into an experimental group (fluoride varnish was applied) and control group (no fluoride varnish) to examine the preventive effects of fluoride varnish. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION: The dental clinic of the State University of Maringá--UEM (Maringá, Paraná, Brazil). Thirty-eight extracted bovine incisors with bonded orthodontic brackets. EXPERIMENTAL VARIABLE: Fluoride varnish was applied topically to half of the sample of extracted bovine teeth. No varnish was applied to the other half. OUTCOME MEASURE: The depths of enamel demineralization (white spot) lesions were measured from polarized light microscopy images using image analysis software. RESULTS: The teeth in both the experimental and control groups had been exposed to a cariogenic environment twice a day for 35 days. Those teeth that had been treated with two applications of fluoride varnish (one at the outset and another 15 days later) demonstrated about 38% less mean lesion depth than teeth where no varnish had been applied. CONCLUSION: Orthodontists may wish to consider the application of fluoride varnish during fixed orthodontic therapy to help reduce the development of enamel white spot lesions.     

氟化物涂膜对正畸固定矫治中牙釉质脱矿影响的SEM研究

目的：采用扫描电镜（SEM）观察氟化物涂膜对抑制离体牙牙釉质脱矿及促进再矿化的功效。方法：选择因正畸需要拔除的前磨牙15颗,经37％磷酸处理,制备人工釉质脱矿标本,并用氟化物涂膜进行表面处理。采用SEM对标本脱矿前（对照组）,脱矿后（脱矿组）以及氟化物涂膜治疗后（治疗组）的表面形貌进行观察分析。结果：对照组与脱矿组之间、脱矿组与治疗组之间形态学存在显著差异,而对照组与治疗组之间形态学差异相对较小。结论：氟化物涂膜可有效改善釉质脱矿后的牙齿脱矿形貌。     

护牙素治疗牙本质敏感症的临床疗效及扫描电镜观察

目的：探讨护牙素治疗牙本质敏感症的临床疗效,并观察其再矿化能力。方法：60例240颗患牙随机分为氟化物涂膜组,护牙素组,护牙素＋氟化物涂膜组。第0d、7d接受治疗,第1d、7d、30d,视觉模拟评分法（VAS法）评价其临床疗效。制作离体牙标本,扫描电镜观察上述三种方法对牙本质小管的封闭效果。结果：与治疗前基线比较,氟化物涂膜组和护牙素＋氟化物涂膜组,第1d、第7d和第30d各个时间点均有显著改善（P〈0.05）;护牙素组,第1d有显著改善（P〈0.05）,第7d和第30d无显著效果（P〉0.05）。不同时间点,氟化物涂膜组疗效显著优于护牙素组、护牙素＋氟化物涂膜组疗效显著优于护牙素组和氟化物涂膜组（P〈0.05）。SEM显示大量钙化物沉积于护牙素＋氟化物涂膜组牙本质小管内。结论：护牙素单独使用,治疗牙本质敏感症的效果欠佳。但作为一种辅助治疗手段,可以增强氟的治疗效果。     

Efficacy of CPP-ACP fluoride varnish applied with and without acid etching in preventing enamel demineralization compared to light-curable fluoride varnish

ObjectivesTo compare efficacy of casein phosphopeptide (CPP)–amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) fluoride varnish and light-curable resin modified glass ionomer fluoride varnish (FV) in preventing white spot lesions and evaluating acid etching prior to CPP-ACPFV application on its efficacy.Materials and MethodsMolars and premolars were transected and halves divided into four groups (n = 18/group): (1) resin-modified glass ionomer FV: etched and Clinpro-XT varnish (3M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia) application; (2) CPP-ACPFV: MI varnish (GC America, Alsip, IL) application; (3) Etch+CPP-ACPFV: etched and MI varnish application; (4) Control: etched and no surface treatment. To simulate 12 weeks in an intraoral environment, samples were subjected to thermocycling, brushing, and pH cycling. Enamel surface microhardness was evaluated at baseline and after the simulated 12 weeks. Representative samples were also assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsAt baseline there was no significant difference in microhardness among groups. After the simulated 12 weeks, all groups showed significant within-group differences (P < .001). Control showed the highest percentage loss of surface microhardness (89%), followed by CPP-ACPFV (58%), RMGIFV (51%), and Etch+CPP-ACPFV (24%). The control group had a significant decrease in microhardness compared to all experimental groups (P < .001). No difference was found between the RMGIFV and CPP-ACPFV varnish groups. The Etch+CPP-ACPFV group had significantly less decrease in microhardness compared to the RMGIFV (P < .001) and CPP-ACPFV groups (P < .001). With SEM, control samples showed signs of enamel surface damage, while experimental groups showed spherical particles on a relatively intact surface.ConclusionsRMGIFV and CPP-ACPFV are effective in reducing enamel demineralization. Acid etching the enamel surface prior to CPP-ACPFV varnish application increased its efficacy.     

In situ effect of sodium fluoride or titanium tetrafluoride varnish and solution on carious demineralization of enamel

This study evaluated the effect of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF(4)) formulations on enamel carious demineralization in situ. Thirteen subjects took part in this cross-over, split-mouth, double-blind study performed in three phases of 14 d each. In each subject, two sound and two predemineralized specimens of bovine enamel were worn intra-orally and plaque accumulation was allowed. One sound and one predemineralized specimen in each subject was treated once with sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish or solution (Treatment A); TiF(4) varnish or solution (Treatment B); or placebo varnish or no treatment (Treatment C). The initially sound enamel specimens were exposed to severe cariogenic challenge (20% sucrose, eight times daily for 5 min each time), whereas the predemineralized specimens were not. Eleven subjects were able to finish all experimental phases. The enamel alterations were quantified by surface hardness and transversal microradiography. Demineralization of previously sound enamel was reduced by all test formulations except for the NaF solution, while both TiF(4) formulations were as effective as NaF varnish. For the predemineralized specimens, enamel surface hardness was increased only by TiF(4) formulations, while subsurface mineral remineralization could not be seen in any group. Within the experimental protocol, TiF(4) was able to decrease enamel demineralization to a similar degree as NaF varnish under severe cariogenic challenges, while only TiF(4) formulations remineralized the enamel surface.     

氟保护漆对青少年固定正畸中釉质脱矿的影响

目的 探讨氟保护漆对青少年正畸患者固定矫治后釉质脱矿发生率的影响。方法 将80例16岁以下青少年固定正畸矫治患者随机分成2组：对照组40例（721颗）,对患者及家长进行口腔健康教育,不涂氟;实验组40例（742颗）,除了对患者和家长宣教外,戴用固定矫治器时及正畸期间每6个月用氟保护漆处理牙面。临床观察2年,对粘接托槽的牙齿观察其脱矿程度。结果 实验组中706颗牙脱矿指数为0,出现脱矿的有36颗,脱矿率为4.85%,未出现脱矿指数大于1的患牙。对照组中有604颗牙脱矿指数为0,出现脱矿的有117颗,脱矿率为16.23%,其中脱矿指数大于1的患牙有18颗。两组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 固定正畸患者戴用固定矫治器时及矫治期间使用氟保护漆能有效预防正畸牙釉质脱矿。