胸腔镜下前路松解结合后路矫形治疗Scheuermann病后凸畸形

目的探讨胸腔镜下前路松解结合后路矫形治疗Scheuermann病后凸畸形的效果。方法对16例Scheuermann病后凸畸形患者在胸腔镜下行前路松解、椎间盘摘除、植骨融合,结合后路矫形内固定。手术前后及随访期间测量后凸畸形Cobb角,了解后凸畸形矫正情况。评定术前及术后Oswestry功能障碍指数,了解背部疼痛缓解情况。结果16例后凸畸形患者均获得满意矫形,术前Cobb角平均788°(70°～92°),术后平均405°(36°～47°),最后一次随访平均417°(36°～50°)。患者背部疼痛症状明显改善,Oswestry功能障碍指数术前平均373(0～72),术后平均64(0～30)。结论胸腔镜下前路松解结合后路矫形是一种较好的治疗Scheuermann病后凸畸形的手术方法。     

胸腔镜与开胸前方松解在脊柱侧凸后路矫形中的作用

目的比较胸腔镜与开胸前方松解对脊柱侧凸后路矫形的作用,评估胸腔镜脊柱侧凸前方松解手术的临床效果。方法2001年11月～2002年9月共施行14例胸腔镜脊柱侧凸前方松解手术和22例开胸前方松解手术,所有病例均为特发性脊柱侧凸。胸腔镜组男1例,女13例;平均年龄15.9岁;其中KingⅡ型9例,KingⅢ型5例;Cobb角88°±10.4°,柔软度(Bending片侧凸矫正率)25.5%±6.1%;松解节段5.8±0.9个。开胸组男5例,女17例;平均年龄15.5岁;其中KingⅡ型13例,KingⅢ型9例;Cobb角90°±15.2°,柔软度24.8%±7.8%;松解节段6.0±1.1个。两组患者均于前方松解后2周行后路TSRH矫形手术。对两组的术后侧凸矫正率以及半年后的矫正丢失率进行比较。结果胸腔镜组术后Cobb角39.6°±10.8°,侧凸矫正率54.7%±10.3%,半年后矫正丢失率2.9%±1.1%;开胸组术后Cobb角41.9°±13.2°,侧凸矫正率53.2%±12.5%,半年后矫正丢失率3.2%±1.3%。两组比较差异均无显著性(P >0.05)。结论胸腔镜脊柱侧凸前方松解手术能达到开胸前方松解手术的临床效果。     

一期前路松解后路三维矫形治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸

目的探讨一期前路松解后路三维矫形治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的手术策略,并评价其疗效。方法1997年7月～2003年1月应用一期前路松解后路三维矫形治疗重度脊柱侧凸36例,男9例,女27例;年龄13～39岁,平均17.2岁。其中特发性脊柱侧凸33例,神经纤维瘤病性脊柱侧凸3例。术前冠状面Cobb角85°～116°,平均96.2°;矢状面异常20例。前路行凸侧松解、椎间植骨后,同次麻醉下再行后路CD(4例)、CD-Horizon(5例)、TSRH(10例)或Isola(17例)脊柱内固定器械三维矫形内固定及植骨融合,其中31例行胸廓成形术。结果全部病例随访6～48个月,平均24个月。术后冠状面Cobb角30°～65°,平均47.6°,平均矫正率48.5%;80.6%的患者术后维持或达到矢状面平衡。未发生严重的神经系统并发症,无脱钩、断棒及深部感染。术后气胸2例,创伤性胸膜炎1例,术后2年假关节形成1例,术后11个月躯干失平衡1例。随访1年后矫正度丢失大于10°者2例,平均丢失5.2°。结论对重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸应用一期前路松解、后路三维矫形的方法矫形满意。正确选择病例、术前仔细评估、术中应用SEP及唤醒试验可减少神经系统并发症的发生。其远期疗效尚待进一步观察。     

胸腔镜辅助下治疗特发性脊柱侧凸

[目的]评价胸腔镜下前路松解,前路或后路矫形治疗特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。[方法]回顾本院自2003年7月~2005年12月施行的11例胸腔镜辅助下前路松解,前路或后路矫形治疗特发性脊柱侧凸病例。年龄12~16岁,平均14.6岁。LenkeⅠ型9例,术前冠状面Cobb s角54°~68°,平均59.7°;LenkeⅢ型2例,术前冠状面Cobb s角分别为58°和71°,平均64.5°。Bending X线片侧凸矫正率为21.8%~32.4%,平均26.4%。对11例患者在胸腔镜辅助下,采用等离子冷消融切除椎间盘松解,前或后路矫正。对手术后及随访时,冠状面和矢状面的Cobb s角进行测量,并对手术时间,术中出血量,围手术期并发症及矫正丢失等进行分析。[结果]平均手术时间290 min,平均术中出血171 ml。松解节段5~7个,平均4.4个。9例LenkeⅠ型术后Cobb s角平均20.4°,Cobb s角矫正率平均65.8%;2例LenkeⅢ型术后Cobb s角分别为20°和25°,Cobb s角矫正率平均65.1%;1例术后包裹性胸腔积液,术后平均随访18.6个月;1例出现矫正度丢失14°,无神经系统及血管损伤并发症。[结论]与传统开胸前路胸椎侧凸矫形手术相比,胸腔镜辅助下胸椎松解前后路矫形治疗脊柱侧凸是安全有效的微创手术,可达到与开胸手术同样效果。     

广泛后路松解三维矫形治疗重度特发性脊柱侧凸

目的探讨广泛后路松解三维矫形对重度特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果.方法2002年3月至2005年9月我院收治的有完整资料的重度特发性脊柱侧凸患者42例,根据不同手术方法将患者分为两组A组(前路松解后路矫形)20例,男3例,女17例;年龄12～20岁,平均15.5岁;Lenke 1型12例,2型2例,3型3例,5型3例.B组(后路脊柱松解三维矫形)22例,男3例,女19例;年龄12～26岁,平均15岁;Lenke 1型13例,2型2例,3型4例,5型3例.比较两组间手术前、后及末次随访时Cobb角、手术时间、术中出血量、住院费用和SRS-22评分的差异.结果A组主弯Cobb角由83.6°±7.6°矫正到21.4°±5.4°,矫正率为72.4%±5.1%;B组由85.4°±11.5°矫正到22.0°±5.4°,矫正率为74.1%±5.2%,两组间比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).A组的手术时间、术中出血量、住院费用及SRS-22评分分别为303.9+28.9min、1379.5±236.8ml、92246.5±9784.9(￥)及17.4+0.24分;B组分别为241.0±20.8min、965.5±193.1ml、77725.1±8917.8(￥)及19.65±0.20分,两组间差异有显著性(P＜0.05).两组均无曲轴现象、假关节形成及失代偿发生.结论广泛后路脊柱松解三维矫形对重度特发性脊柱侧凸的矫正效果满意,具有手术风险小、手术时间短、出血量少、住院费用相对低等优点.     

胸腔镜下脊柱侧凸前路松解的并发症及预防

目的:总结胸腔镜下脊柱侧凸前路松解的并发症,并对其预防措施进行分析。方法:对38例脊柱侧凸患者行胸腔镜下脊柱侧凸前路松解,2例为先天性脊柱侧凸,36例为特发性脊柱侧凸,Cobb角78°～108°,侧凸柔软指数平均32%。松解节段:T5～T1226例,T5～L15例,T6～T127例。结果:手术时间120～180min,平均146min。出血200～600ml,平均310ml。并发症:奇静脉损伤出血而改为开胸手术松解1例,肺损伤2例,乳糜胸1例(术后2个月发现),局限性肺不张2例,渗出性胸膜炎2例,胸腔引流时间>36h、引流量>200ml4例,胸壁锁孔麻木1例。结论:胸腔镜下脊柱侧凸前路松解虽然创伤较小,但仍有一定的并发症。正确选择锁孔,术中清楚暴露视野,利用胸椎区域的解剖标志进行定位,可预防或减少并发症的发生。     

前路非融合技术治疗脊柱侧凸畸形

矫形、器械内固定、前路和（或）后路融合，已经成为治疗成人脊柱侧凸的标准术式。但对于处于生长期特别是幼儿型特发性脊柱侧凸的患者，过早融合势必会对脊柱生长造成影响。如何选择合适的手术方式，在矫形和防止畸形进展的同时，又保持脊柱正常的活动性，尽可能避免影响脊柱的正常生长和一些并发症的“曲轴现象”等的发生，     

胸腔镜下前路矫形治疗青少年特发性胸椎侧凸

目的探讨胸腔镜下前路矫形治疗青少年特发性胸椎侧凸的疗效。方法青少年特发性胸椎侧凸33例,男7例,女26例;年龄10～18岁,平均13.6岁。Lenke分型均为Ⅰ型,其中24例为ⅠA型,9例为ⅠB型。术前Cobb角:冠状面原发性胸弯平均57.4°(43°～68°),代偿性腰弯平均32.0°(20°～47°);27例存在胸椎后凸不足畸形,胸椎后凸平均6.3°(0°～18°)。手术方法为前路胸腔镜下切除椎间盘进行松解,应用CDHorizonEclipse矫形内固定,同时在椎间隙植骨。随访期间测量冠状面Cobb角及矢状面胸椎后凸成角,了解冠状面和矢状面畸形矫正情况。结果固定节段包括T4～T12,平均7.4个。平均手术时间为3h48min,平均术中出血量为308ml,平均住院时间4.4d。全部病例随访6～36个月,平均20.6个月。末次随访时原发性胸弯平均矫正60.2%,代偿性腰弯自然矫正平均50.3%,胸椎后凸平均矫正20.4°。1例出现假关节形成及内固定折断,2例出现胸壁麻木。结论胸腔镜下前路矫形治疗胸椎侧凸具有创伤小、术后恢复快等优点,能达到与开胸前路矫形术同样的矫形效果。     

经前路松解联合后路固定治疗特发性脊柱侧凸

目的:评价经前路松解联合后路矫形对特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的51例(男16例,女35例;年龄8～17岁,平均13.2岁)特发性脊柱侧凸行前路松解及后路脊柱畸形矫形植骨融合术患者的临床资料及治疗结果。结果:本组中行前路松解、植骨,阻滞椎间盘平均2.4个。联合后路椎弓根钉(钩)-棒系统内固定,植骨、融合。术后特发性脊柱侧凸Cobb角<90°者额状平面平均矫正率为57%,矢状面后凸平均矫正率为50%;Cobb角>90°者额状平面平均矫正率为71%,矢状面后凸平均矫正率为74%。术后随访10～35个月,平均随访21.6个月,无矫正度的丢失及其他神经系统及血管损伤并发症。结论:脊柱前路松解安全、有效,联合后路相适应内固定系统矫形、植骨治疗特发性脊柱侧凸可获得满意治疗效果。     

Anterior thoracoscopic surgery followed by posterior instrumentation and fusion in spinal deformity

Many authors believe thoracoscopic surgery is associated with a lower level of morbidity compared to thoracotomy, for anterior release or growth arrest in spinal deformity. Others believe that anterior release achieved thoracoscopically is not as effective as that achieved with the open procedure. We evaluated the clinical results, radiological correction and morbidity following anterior thoracoscopic surgery followed by posterior instrumentation and fusion, to see whether there is any evidence for either of these beliefs. Twenty-nine patients undergoing thoracoscopic anterior release or growth arrest followed by posterior fusion and instrumentation were evaluated from a clinical and radiological viewpoint. The mean follow-up was 2 years (range 1–4 years). The average age was 16 years (range 5–26 years). The following diagnoses were present: idiopathic scoliosis (n = 17), neuromuscular scoliosis (n = 2), congenital scoliosis (n = 1), thoracic hyperkyphosis (n = 9). All patients were satisfied with cosmesis following surgery. Twenty scoliosis patients had a mean preoperative Cobb angle of 65.1° (range 42°–94°) for the major curve, with an average flexibility of 34.5% (42.7°). Post operative correction to 31.5° (50.9%) and 34.4° (47.1%) at maximal follow-up was noted. For nine patients with thoracic hyperkyphosis, the Cobb angle averaged 81° (range 65°–96°), with hyperextension films showing an average correction to 65°. Postoperative correction to an average of 58.6° was maintained at 59.5° at maximal follow-up. The average number of released levels was 5.1 (range 3–7) and the average duration of the thoracoscopic procedure was 188 min (range 120–280 min). There was a decrease in this length of time as the series progressed. No neurologic or vascular complications occurred. Postoperative complications included four recurrent pneumothoraces, one surgical emphysema, and one respiratory infection. Thoracoscopic anterior surgery appears a safe and effective technique for the treatment of paediatric and adolescent spinal deformity. A randomised controlled trial, comparing open with thoracoscopic methods, is required. Received: 11 October 1999 Revised: 20 April 2000 Accepted: 16 May 2000     

后路松解楔形截骨矫治先天性胸腰段半椎体并重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形

目的:评价经后路松解楔形截骨矫治先天性胸腰段半椎体并重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形的安全性和临床初步效果,并探讨其融合固定节段的选择。方法:2007年4月～2010年3月收治先天性胸腰段半椎体并重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形患者11例,男4例,女7例,年龄14～22岁,平均17.1岁;半椎体均为单个完全分节型,T11 3例,T12 4例,L1 1例,L2 3例;术前侧凸Cobb角82°～125°,平均94.4°,侧凸柔韧性为17.4%～28.9%,平均24.8%;后凸Cobb角72°～145°,平均101.1°;C7铅垂线与骶正中线距离1.5～5.5cm,平均2.9cm。均行经后路松解楔形截骨矫形手术,以触及椎(touched vertebrae,TV)(指站立前后位像上被骶正中线触及的最近端椎体)作为融合固定下端椎;1例合并脊髓拴系和脊髓纵裂者,术中一期行骨嵴切除,解除拴系。结果:均顺利完成手术。平均松解3.0个椎间隙。手术时间5.5～10.0h,平均7.7h;术中出血量1000～7000ml,平均3500ml。无脊髓神经损伤。1例术中切除肋骨小头时引起左侧胸膜撕裂,发生血气胸,行胸腔闭式引流,2周后痊愈;1例术后出现螺钉穿破背部皮肤,1枚螺钉钉尾外露,术后3个月取出该枚螺钉。术后侧凸Cobb角7°～54°,平均28.0°,平均矫正率为70.9%;后凸Cobb角20°～36°,平均27.8°,平均矫正率为71.7%;C7铅垂线与骶正中线距离0.1～2.3cm,平均0.6cm,冠状位平衡平均矫正率为78.1%。随访14～35个月,平均23.4个月,末次随访侧凸Cobb角8°～57°,平均29.7°,丢失率为7.3%;后凸Cobb角22°～38°,平均29.9°,丢失率为7.7%;C7铅垂线与骶正中线距离0.2～2.5cm,平均0.7cm;随访X线片证实植骨均融合,内固定物无松动、断裂。选择TV作为远端融合椎(lowest instrumented vertebrae,LIV)比选择稳定椎(stable vertebrae,SV)平均节省了1.09个椎体,未发现失代偿现象。结论:经后路松解楔形截骨矫治先天性胸腰段半椎体并重度僵硬性脊柱侧后凸畸形安全有效,选择TV作为LIV可以减少融合节段。     

Postoperative spinal deformity after treatment of intracanal spine lesions

Background context

Surgical treatment of intracanal (both intramedullary and extramedullary) spine lesions requires posterior decompressive techniques in nearly all instances. Postoperative spinal deformities, most notably sagittal and coronal decompensation, are of significant concern for both the patient and the spinal surgeon.

Purpose

To review and define principles and features of spinal deformities after posterior spinal decompression for intracanal spinal lesions, and to define patients who may benefit from the concomitant spinal fusion.

Methods

A systematic review of MEDLINE was conducted, including articles published between 1980 and 2011. Articles related to spinal deformities after posterior decompression for the treatment of intracanal spine lesions were identified.

Results

Ten articles met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. All were case series with limited evidence (Level IV). Many risk factors to deformity were implied but with limited evidence. Young age was the most commonly identified risk in these articles.

Conclusions

Spinal deformity after posterior decompression is a common complication, most notably in children and young adults, after the removal of intramedullary tumors. Many risk factors have been implied to increase the postoperative development of spinal deformity, including young age, laminectomy extension, preoperative deformity, and extensive facet resection, among others. However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence to propose an algorithm for treatment or preventive measures. New studies with larger series of patients and standardized clinical outcomes are necessary to establish optimal treatment protocols.     

One-stage anterior debridement,bone grafting and posterior instrumentation vs. single posterior debridement,bone grafting,and instrumentation for the treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis

Purpose

The aim of this study was to compare single posterior debridement, interbody fusion and instrumentation with one-stage anterior debridement, interbody fusion and posterior instrumentation for treating thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis.

Method

From January 2006 to January 2010, we enrolled 115 spinal tuberculosis patients with obvious surgical indications. Overall, 55 patients had vertebral body destruction, accompanied by a flow injection abscess or a unilateral abscess volume greater than 500 ml. The patients underwent one-staged anterior debridement, bone grafting and posterior instrumentation (group A) or single posterior debridement, bone grafting and instrumentation (group B). Clinical and radiographic results for the two groups were analyzed and compared.

Results

Patients were followed 12–36 months (mean 21.3 months), Fusion occurred at 4–12 months (mean 7.8 months). There were significant differences between groups regarding the post-operative kyphosis angle, angle correction and angle correction rate, especially if pathology is present in thoracolumbar and lumbar regions. Operative complications affected five patients in group A, and one patient in group B. A unilateral psoas abscess was observed in three patients 12 months postoperatively. In one of them, interbody fusion did not occur, and there was fixation loosening and interbody absorption. All of them were cured by an anterior operation.

Conclusion

Anterior debridement and bone grafting with posterior instrumentation may not be the best choice for treating patients with spinal tuberculosis. Single posterior debridement/bone grafting/instrumentation for single-segment of thoracic or lumbar spine tuberculosis produced good clinical results, except in patients who had a psoas abscess.     

前路与后路减压治疗胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤疗效的Meta分析

目的:系统评价前路减压(anterior decompression)与后路减压(posterior decompression)治疗胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤的疗效与安全性,为胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤的疗效提供更好的科学依据。方法:检索并收集前路减压与后路减压治疗胸腰段骨折合并脊髓损伤的比较性研究。通过计算机检索下列数据库:Pubmed、Embase、Cochrane图书馆、CNKI、CBM、万方医学网。人工检索期刊Spine、European Spine Journal、The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery。2名脊柱外科专业人员按照既定的纳入与排除标准,独立筛选文献,并对各纳入的研究进行质量评价。使用Review Manager5.3软件对数据进行Meta分析,观察指标包括手术时间、术中出血量、术后触觉评分、术后运动评分、术后伤椎高度、住院时间、神经功能恢复、治疗有效率及术后并发症。结果:最终纳入15项随机对照试验(randomized controlled trail,RCT),共1360例患者,其中前路减压术680例,后路减压术680例。Meta分析结果示,与后路减压组相比,前路减压组手术时间长[MD=80.09,95%CI(36.83,123.34),P=0.0003],术中出血量多[MD=225.21,95%CI(171.07,279.35),P0.00001],住院时间长[MD=2.31,95%CI(0.32,4.31),P=0.02],术后触觉评分高[MD=13.39,95%CI(9.86,16.92),P0.00001],术后运动评分高[MD=13.15,95%CI(7.02,19.29),P0.0001],伤椎高度高[MD=1.36,95%CI(0.79,1.92),P0.00001],而两者在治疗有效率[OR=1.14,95%CI(0.56,2.31),P=0.72]、神经功能恢复[OR=0.87,95%CI(0.57,1.33),P=0.52]方面,差异均无统计学意义。结论:前路减压与后路减压相比,手术时间长,术中出血量多,住院时间长,术后触觉评分高,术后运动评分高,伤椎高度高,但是两者在治疗有效率、神经功能恢复方面差异无统计学意义。     

僵硬型脊柱畸形的手术治疗

目的：研究僵硬型脊柱畸形的手术治疗方法和疗效。方法：回顾分析了手术治疗各种原因引起的僵硬型脊柱畸形病例３９例。结果：术前侧弯畸形平均６７．５°，术后平均矫正４１．２°，矫正率６１％；术前驼背平均６５．２°，术后平均矫正３８．６°，矫正率５９．２％。术中无一例脊髓损伤。结论：手术成功的关键在于详细的术前检查、周密的术前准备、正确的截骨方法、预防术中出血性休克和脊髓损伤     

Spinal deformity progression after posterior segmental instrumentation and fusion for idiopathic scoliosis

Study design

Retrospective chart and radiographic review.

Purpose

To assess the incidence of and variables associated with spinal deformity progression after posterior segmental instrumentation and fusion at a single institution. Progression of the scoliotic deformity after posterior instrumented spinal fusion has been described. Recent studies have concluded that segmental pedicle screw constructs are better able to control deformity progression.

Methods

Retrospective review of a consecutive series of idiopathic scoliosis patients (n = 89) with major thoracic curves (Lenke types 1–4) treated with posterior segmental instrumentation and fusion. Deformity progression was defined as a 10° increase in Cobb angle between the first-erect and 2-year post-operative radiographs. Clinical and radiographic data between the two cohorts (deformity progression versus stable) were analyzed to determine the variables associated with deformity progression.

Results

Patients in the deformity progression group (n = 13) tended to be younger (median 13.7 vs. 14.7 years) and experienced a significant change in height (p = 0.01) during the post-operative period compared to the stable group (n = 76). At 2-years post-op, the patients in the deformity progression group had experienced a significantly greater change in upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) angulation, lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) angulation, and apical vertebral translation (AVT). Two-year post-op Scoliosis Research Society questionnaire (SRS-22) scores in the appearance domain were also significantly worse in the deformity progression group. Patients in the deformity progression group had a significantly greater difference between the lowest instrumented vertebra and stable vertebra compared to patients in the stable group (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Deformity progression after posterior spinal fusion does occur after modern segmental instrumentation. Segmental pedicle screw constructs do not prevent deformity progression. Skeletally immature patients with a significant growth potential are at the highest risk for deformity progression. In immature patients, extending the fusion distally to the stable vertebra may minimize deformity progression.

Level of evidence

Level III.     

前路内固定矫正结核性脊柱畸形

目的　总结前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和前路内固定手术治疗结核性脊柱畸形的临床疗效 ,探讨前路内固定植入在脊柱结核外科治疗中的安全性和价值。　方法　 1997年 6月～ 2 0 0 1年5月 ,采用前路病灶清除、椎体间植骨和一期前路内固定手术治疗脊柱结核 18例 ,其中颈椎 1例 ,胸椎10例 ,胸腰段 2例 ,腰椎 5例。平均每例受累椎体 2 8个。脊柱后凸畸形角度 2 7 0°～ 75 5°,平均47 5°± 11 4°。均采用髂骨植骨。　结果　 18例病例均获得随访 ,平均随访时间 2 5个月。所有病例均未出现伤口深部感染或窦道形成 ,植骨均完全融合 ,平均融合时间为 3 6个月。后凸畸形矫正度数为 32 7°± 8 3°,后期矫正度丢失 3 2°± 2 8°。　结论　前路内固定手术在脊柱外科治疗中能有效地达到矫正后凸畸形、重建脊柱稳定性和促进椎体间植骨融合的目的 ,是一种安全和有效的治疗方法。     

一期前路病灶清除植骨融合结合后路内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核疗效分析

目的 探讨一期前路病灶清除植骨融合加后路内固定术治疗胸腰椎结核的可行性及疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2009-01-2011-06诊治的30例胸腰椎结核,术前正规抗结核治疗后行一期前路病灶清除植骨融合加后路内固定术.观察其手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、植骨融合情况及手术前后的ASIA分级、Cobb角、血沉及CRP变化情况.结果 手术时间(229.8±32.1)min,术中出血量(707.3±75.6)ml,住院时间(24.2±5.5)d.30例获得随访4～36个月,平均18个月,无严重的并发症发生.结论 一期前路病灶清除植骨融合加后路内定固定术治疗脊柱结核疗效满意,尤其在矫正后凸畸形、防止术后Cobb角的丢失、恢复脊柱的生物力学稳定性方面更有优势.     

Anterior thoracoscopic spine release in deformity surgery: a meta-analysis and review

Videoassisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) allows the surgeon to perform an anterior thoracoscopic spine release for spinal deformities. It is an alternative to open thoracotomy. Several years after its introduction the present author gives an update on the indications, surgical techniques, results, and complications of this new technology. A meta-analysis of previously published papers is organized in tables in an attempt to answer all the questions and controversies that this technique has aroused. A series of ten selected articles were available for review, comprising a total of 151 procedures. No study had any long-term follow-up. Most series were pediatric and involved a variety of etiologies (mostly neuromuscular, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and Scheuermann’s kyphosis). The surgical technique was for most authors a convex side approach in the lateral decubitus through four or more ports in the anterior or midaxillary line. Single lung ventilation was used in most cases. Posterior surgery was carried out the same day in most cases. The total number of discs excised varied between 4 and 7, but the quality of disc excision was rarely reported. Most authors carried out a spine fusion at the time of the disc release. The total VATS procedure lasted between 2 h 30 min and 4 h, depending on the series and the surgeon’s previous experience. In most series curves were in the range of 55°–80°, with an average of 65°. The percentage of Cobb angle correction was 55%–63% after VATS and posterior spine fusion. For kyphotic deformities only one series had significant numbers to allow conclusions to be drawn. The mean preoperative Cobb angle was 78° and postoperatively the kyphosis was corrected to 44°. Length of hospital stay was quite similar in most series and was around 9 days. The cost of the VATS procedure was studied in one series and was found to be 28% more expensive than thoracotomy. The total complications reported were 18%; most were pulmonary complications with prolonged ventilatory support in patients with neuromuscular pathologies. The VATS procedure has been used with success in most series for pediatric curves (average Cobb angle of 65° or kyphosis of 75°). No report of the surgical outcome (balance, rate of fusion, rib hump correction, cosmetic correction, pain, and patient satisfaction) was available for any series. Further prospective study including these parameters will be required to determine the real benefit of such procedures to the patient, bearing in mind that the correction of spinal deformities is the result of the surgeon’s experience, skill, and the available technology.