有糖尿病家族史的非糖尿病患者血浆致动脉硬化指数相关危险因素

目的 研究非糖尿病人群中有糖尿病家族史者血浆致动脉硬化指数(AIP)的影响因素.方法 138例2012年4月在我院健康体检具有糖尿病家族史的非糖尿病患者,以AIP 0.06为临界点,分为非致动脉硬化组(AIP<0.06,91例)和致动脉硬化组(AIP>0.06,47例),比较两组患者的收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、体重指数(BMI)、腰围(WC)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、血尿酸(UA)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)、空腹血糖(FPG)的差异.结果 与非致动脉硬化组比较,致动脉硬化组患者的SBP、BMI、WC、TG、UA均明显升高,HDL-C明显降低,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).AIP与性别、SBP、DBP、TG、LDL-C、BMI、腰围、Cr、UA、FBP呈正相关(P<0.05),与HDL-C(P<0.05)呈负相关.与年龄、TC、BUN无明显相关性.多元Logistic回归分析结果提示TG、HDL-C、WC、UA是AIP的独立影响因素.结论 肥胖尤其是中心性肥胖与TG、HDL-C、血尿酸与AIP的关系紧密,应有效预防和减少这些危险因素的影响.     

武汉某社区老年人非酒精性脂肪肝的流行病学特点及危险因素分析

目的:了解武汉市水果湖社区老年人非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的流行及危险因素。方法:收集3 468例60岁以上社区老年人群的体检资料,对比分析NAFLD组与非NAFLD组之间高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、代谢综合征、骨质疏松的患病率;比较体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、腰围身高比(WHtR)、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿酸(UA)等,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析NAFLD的危险因素。结果:老年NAFLD患病率44. 43%,女性明显高于男性,NAFLD组的BMI、腰围、WHtR、FBG、TC、TG、LDL-C、ALT、AST、UA均高于非NAFLD组,而HDL-C低于非NAFLD组,NAFLD组高血压、糖尿病、肥胖、代谢综合征的患病率也明显高于非NAFLD组。多因素Logistic回归分析显示NAFLD的危险因素为女性、高血压、代谢综合征、腰围、肥胖、TG、LDL-C、ALT>40 U/L、UA,而HDL-C为保护因素。结论:武汉市水果湖社区老年人NAFLD患病率较高,尤其是老年女性,NAFLD与高血压、代谢综合征、高血脂、高ALT、高尿酸血症等密切相关,而与糖尿病、骨密度水平相关性不明显。     

糖尿病肾病的发生率及相关危险因素

目的 探讨糖尿病肾病的发生率及相关危险因素.方法 选取2型糖尿病患者共295例,分为单纯糖尿病组以及早期糖尿病肾病组(EDN组),检测两组年龄、病程、DBP、BMI、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、HbAlc等指标的差异.结果 早期糖尿病肾病患者共132例,占本组病例的44.7%,EDN组的BMI、LDL-C以及HDL-C与单纯糖尿病组对比差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.结论 BMI、LDL-C以及HDL-C与早期糖尿病肾病发生密切相关.     

代谢综合征与臂踝脉搏波速度的关系

目的 探讨代谢综合征（MS）与臂踝脉搏波速度（baPWV）的关系。方法 选取2010年10月-2013年10月华中科技大学附属协和医院心血管研究中心住院患者692例,将超重或肥胖,腰围：男≥90 cm、女≥80 cm,糖耐量异常或糖尿病,高血压作为MS基本症候群,根据患者组分不同分为MS1组（272例,仅具有MS基本症候群）、MS2组〔270例,具有MS基本症候群伴三酰甘油（TG）异常〕、MS3组〔150例,具有MS基本症候群伴高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）异常〕。另选取同期在本院体检健康者300例作为对照组。采集受试者静脉血,检测总胆固醇（TC）、TG、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、HDL-C、空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 hPG）和超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）。并测量受试者baPWV。结果 各组年龄、体质量、体质指数（BMI）、腰围、收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、脉压（PP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、FPG、2 hPG、hs-CRP和baPWV比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;其中MS1组、MS2组、MS3组年龄、体质量、BMI、腰围、SBP、DBP、PP、MAP、FPG、2 hPG、hs-CRP和baPWV均高于对照组|MS2组和MS3组体质量、BMI、腰围、SBP、DBP、PP、MAP、FPG、2 hPG和baPWV均高于MS1组|MS3组男性腰围、SBP、PP、TC、LDL-C和baPWV均高于MS2组（P＜0.05）。直线相关分析结果显示,MS患者年龄、BMI、SBP、PP、MAP、TG、FPG及2 hPG与baPWV呈正相关,DBP、HDL-C与baPWV呈负相关（P＜0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、BMI、SBP、DBP、2 hPG、TG是MS患者baPWV的因素（P＜0.05）。结论 MS患者异常组分越多,引起动脉硬化程度越严重,性别、年龄、BMI、血压、2 hPG、TG是MS患者baPWV增加的危险因素,对MS患者进行baPWV检测有利于其心血管事件发生的预测评估。     

天津城市中老年男性血脂及相关心血管病危险因素现况调查

目的:了解天津市市区50岁以上男性人群血脂及心血管病危险因素状况,为制订合理的血脂异常防治计划提供依据.方法:对638名50岁以上男性中老年人开展问卷调查、体格检查并用标准方法测定血清总胆同醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度胆固醇(LDL-C).结果:(1)各血脂指标平均水平(mmol/L)分别为:TC4.82±0.82,TG1.60±1.13,HDL-C1.32±0.36,LDL-C3.24±0.98.将研究对象按年龄(岁)(50～59,60～69,70～79,80及以上)分为4组.4个年龄组TC,TG,LDL-C水平差异无显著性.70～79岁组HDL-C比50～59岁高(P<0.05).(2)高TC血症、高LDL-C血症、低HDL-C血症和高TG血症患病率分别为30.09%,44.83%,20.22%,30.88%.(3)TC与空腹血糖(FBG)呈负相关(P<0.05).LDL-C与FBG、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、体质指数(BMI)均不相关.HDL-C与SBP、BMI呈负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01).TG与SBP、DBP、BMI呈正相关(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:(1)天津城市中老年男性血脂异常比较常见(2)血脂水平与血糖、血压和BMI有密切的相互关联.     

代谢综合征患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α的水平及意义

目的分析以血清肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)为代表的炎症标志物与代谢综合征的关系。方法检测代谢综合征组(MS组)和正常对照组(NC组)的血清TNF-α,将肿瘤坏死因子-α与代谢综合征各组成成分体重指数(BMI)、腰围、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2小时血糖(2h PG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)进行分析,讨论肿瘤坏死因子-α与代谢综合征的关系。结果 (1)代谢综合征患者的血清TNF-α水平显著高于正常组。TNF-α:代谢综合征组:(53.92±15.35)pg/m L;正常对照组:(22.62±6.72)pg/m L(t=18.676,P0.001)。(2)MS组TNF-α与BMI、腰围、2h PG、TG、LDL-C呈正相关,TNF-α与HDL-C呈负相关(P0.05),与SBP、DBP、TC无相关性(P0.05)。(3)以血清TNF-α为因变量,以代谢综合征各组分(BMI、腰围、SBP、DBP、FPG、2h PG、TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C)为自变量,进行多元线性回归分析,BMI、HDL-C进入方程(P0.05)。结论 MS组血清TNF-α水平与正常对照组相比显著增高。MS组TNF-α与BMI、腰围、2h PG、TG、LDL-C呈正相关,TNF-α与HDL-C呈负相关。BMI、HDL-C可能是反映血清TNF-α水平变化的主要因素。     

代谢综合征及其组分与子宫内膜癌相关性研究

目的:探讨临床代谢综合征及其组分与子宫内膜癌的相关性,从而为预防妇科肿瘤提供参考。方法:回顾2012年3月至2015年3月西安交通大学第一医院术中及术后病理确诊为子宫内膜癌病例258例数,对照组为同时期体检的年龄、月经匹配的非妇科肿瘤人群。代谢综合征采用2005年国际糖尿病联盟(IDF)定义。所有数据资料采用统计软件SPSS11.5进行统计分析。结果:1子宫内膜癌组代谢综合征发病率为38.0%,明显高于对照组为10.9%,P0.05,2组比较差异有统计学意义。代谢综合征的组分:腰围、BMI、SBP、DBP、FPG、TG、总胆固醇水平明显高于对照组,P0.05,差异有统计学意义。HDL-C明显低于对照组,P0.05,差异有统计学意义。2子宫内膜癌合并代谢综合征独立危险因素:腰围、DBP、TG,OR值分别为:5.254,1.069,3.019。结论:1代谢综合征及其组分:腰围、BMI、SBP、DBP、FPG、TG、总胆固醇与子宫内膜癌的发病具有相关性。2子宫内膜癌合并代谢综合征独立危险因素:腰围、DBP、TG。     

社区人群脂肪肝患病率及其相关因素的流行病学调查

目的探讨广州市荔湾区社区居民脂肪肝的患病率及相关危险因素。方法按照随机抽样的方法,选取广州市荔湾区社区居民共800人为调查对象,采用问卷调查、体格检查、血脂检查及肝脏B超检查,比较不同人群脂肪肝患病情况及相关因素。结果总人群脂肪肝患病率为21.0%。男性脂肪肝患病率(26.75%)显著高于女性(15.06%)(P<0.01)。脂肪肝组总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)均高于非脂肪肝组(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别(男性)、血压、腰臀比(WHR)、体重指数(BMI)、TC、糖尿病(DM)、腰围(WC)为脂肪肝的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论广州市荔湾区脂肪肝患病率较高,男性、血压、WHR、BMI、TC、DM、WC是导致脂肪肝的主要危险因素。     

2型糖尿病合并冠心病的临床危险因素分析

目的:分析研究2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并冠心病(CHD)的临床危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2011年1月期间在我院就诊的78例2型糖尿病患者的临床资料。将已确诊为2型糖尿病的78例患者,根据其是否合并冠心病分为观察组29例和对照组49例进行对照分析。两组均记录患者年龄及病程,计算体重指数(BMI),并测血压(SBP,DBP)、血糖(FBG、PBG)、胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(GHbAlc)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、血尿酸(UA)等。结果:两组患者年龄、BMI、DBP、TC和GHbAlc与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);糖尿病病程、SBP、FINS、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、UA与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P(0.05)。结论:糖尿病病程、高血糖、高血脂、高血压及血尿酸等都是糖尿病合并冠心病的危险因素,2型糖尿病患者在日常生活中应给予积极的预防和治疗,如积极降压、降血脂等治疗,有望降低糖尿病、心血管病发病的危险性。     

中老年人脂肪肝与部分危险因素的相关性和控制现状(附684例报告)

目的　探讨中老年人脂肪肝与某些危险因素的相关性及控制状况。方法　统一组织 2 6 19例 4 0～91岁人群进行健康体检。结果　 2 6 19例中老年人群中脂肪肝的患病率为 2 6 .1% (6 84 / 2 6 19) ,脂肪肝人群与非脂肪肝人群年龄、体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀比 (WHR)、收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、谷氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)和空腹血糖 (FSG)比较具有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 0 1) ,脂肪肝人群BMI、FSG、SBP、DBP、TG和TC控制达标率低。结论　中老年人群脂肪肝与BMI、SBP、DBP、TC、TG和FSG密切相关 ,脂肪肝人群BMI、血糖、血压、血脂控制状况不理想     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.