嗜酸性粒细胞计数与冠心病危险因素相关分析

目的 探讨白细胞中的嗜酸粒细胞计数与冠心病影响因素的相关性.方法 收集128例非急性冠状动脉造影患者一般资料,进行血细胞参数、生化指标等检测.冠状动脉造影确定冠状动脉病变部位及损伤程度.根据嗜酸性粒细胞计数分组,进行趋势分析,判断冠心病患者危险因素与嗜酸性粒细胞计数相关性.结果 患者按嗜酸性粒细胞计数分三组(＜0.1×109/L;0.1～0.2×109/L;＞0.2×109/L).嗜酸性粒细胞增高与男性性别、经皮冠状动脉介入治疗或冠脉再造术呈正相关.嗜酸性粒细胞增高与血小板计数、血红蛋白、白细胞计数、血肌酐、甘油三酯、糖化血红蛋白等冠心病危险因素呈正相关(P＜0.01),与高密度脂蛋白呈负相关(P＜0.01).趋势分析显示,多支血管病变、左主干病变、冠脉内血栓、慢性阻塞、支架内再狭窄等参数在不同嗜酸性粒细胞分组中的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 嗜酸性粒细胞增高与冠心病患者的危险因素有一定关联.     

儿童支原体肺炎肺功能和血嗜酸性粒细胞的变化及意义

目的：观察儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的常规肺功能和血嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)比例的变化规律,并探讨其临床意义。方法采用JEAGER公司生产的MasterScreen IOS肺功能仪检测22例MPP急性期、恢复期患儿和50例门诊健康体检儿童的常规肺功能,以及检测血EOS%,并加以比较。结果22例MPP患儿急性期肺功能检查中有3例(13.64%)肺通气功能大致正常,其余19例(86.36%)有不同程度的肺功能损害,表现为小气道病变有10例(45.45%),阻塞性通气功能障碍有2例(9.09%),限制性通气功能障碍6例(27.27%),混合性通气功能障碍1例(4.55%)。恢复期仍有4例(18.18%)表现为轻度限制性通气功能障碍,10例(45.45%)表现为小气道病变,其余肺功能恢复正常(36.36%)。健康对照组无1例肺通气功能检查异常。 MPP恢复期儿童血EOS%显著高于急性期及健康儿童(P<0.05)。结论 MPP患儿存在EOS血症,急性期大小气道通气功能均有损害,恢复期除用力肺活量占预计值百分比(FVC/Pred%)恢复正常外,其他指标仍显著低于正常组。我们认为动态观察MPP患儿肺功能和血EOS变化,对判断儿童MPP预后有一定临床意义。     

嗜酸性粒细胞与组织免疫损伤

嗜酸性料细胞（ＥＯ）的特殊颗粒中含有主要碱性蛋白（ＭＢＰ），嗜酸性粒细胞离子蛋白（ＥＣＰ），嗜酸性粒细胞衍生的神经毒素（ＥＤＮ），嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化物酶（ＥＰＯ）等强碱性蛋白，脱颗粒引起上述物质的释放。ＥＯ通过强碱性蛋白和活性氧引起组织细胞损伤，ＥＯ还可以产生ＰＡＦ，ＬＴＣ４，ＬＴＤ４等炎性介质而引起炎症反应，因而多种疾病可能与ＥＯ相关。     

气道嗜酸性粒细胞增高与COPD加重

有证据表明部分COPD加重期气道嗜酸性粒细胞增高,其原因可能与病毒感染有关;了解COPD加重期气道嗜酸性粒细胞增高的发病机制,认识伴有嗜酸性粒细胞增高的气道炎症对临床治疗中是否选择糖皮质激素有一定价值,本文就这方面进展作一综述.     

嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡与支气管哮喘的关系

细胞凋亡是细胞在自身基因调控下进行的一种主动死亡,具有独特的形态结构和生物化学特征。嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡参与了支气管哮喘的发生和发展,糖皮质激素等药物可通过多种途径诱导嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡,使气道内嗜酸性粒细胞减少,减轻气道炎症,缓解病情     

气道嗜酸性粒细胞增高与COPD加重

有证据表明部分COPD加重期气道嗜酸性粒细胞增高 ,其原因可能与病毒感染有关 ;了解COPD加重期气道嗜酸性粒细胞增高的发病机制 ,认识伴有嗜酸性粒细胞增高的气道炎症对临床治疗中是否选择糖皮质激素有一定价值 ,本文就这方面进展作一综述     

嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白在支气管哮喘中的研究

嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)是活化嗜酸性细胞释放的强碱性蛋白中的重要组分,是嗜酸性粒细胞活化的重要标志,本文概述了ECP的来源,生物学作用以及与感染的关系,着重综述了ECP与支气管哮喘之间的关系。     

白介素5与嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡

Ｉ Ｌ５ 抑制或延迟嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡,导致嗜酸性粒细胞在组织中聚积。这与ｂｃｌ２ 表达增多、酪氨酸激酶活化、 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 及蛋白质的合成受抑制有关。嗜酸性粒细胞凋亡与巨噬细胞功能有一定关系。     

冠状动脉旁路移植治疗冠状动脉肌桥9例分析

目的回顾冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗症状性肌桥的外科治疗经验及结果。方法选取2004年3月至2011年1月因冠状动脉肌桥导致冠状幼脉血流堵塞需行冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者资料9例,采用胸廊内动脉到前降支进行旁路移植,2例取大隐静脉与其他病变冠状动脉进行旁路移植。结果全组无患者死亡,无术中相关并发症发生。所有患者随访4个月至7年,临床症状均明显改善,无心绞痛发生,无心肌梗死及其他主要心血管不良事件（再血管化或死亡等）发生。结论冠状动脉旁路移植治疗有症状的肌桥安全、有效。     

Short-term response of metabolic hormones to coronary artery bypass surgery

PurposeTo explore the response pattern of plasma adipokine and ghrelin levels to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in patients with (on-pump) and without (off-pump) cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Material/methodsSixteen consecutive patients (age: 62 ± 10 years, male: 10) with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent elective CABG surgery with CPB and intraoperative GIK infusion were selected for on-pump group and 19 CAD patients (age: 63 ± 10 years, male: 16) were included in the off-pump group. Blood samples were taken before, during and after surgery. Intraoperative samples were withdrawn simultaneously for peripheral vein and sinus coronarius (SC). Plasma adipokine concentrations were measured by ELISA, those of ghrelin by RIA kits.ResultsIn response to surgical intervention there was an early, transient fall in plasma levels of adiponectin (p < 0.0001) and resistin (p = 0.002) followed by an increase to approach their initial values. Plasma ghrelin also increased (p = 0.045), this increase, however, was confined to the period of GIK supported CPB. Plasma insulin (p = 0.003) and resistin (p = 0.009) was significantly higher in the peripheral vein than in SC. The perioperative hormone profile of patients without CPB (off-pump) proved to be comparable to that of on-pump patients in spite of the insulin administration and greater oxidative and inflammatory stress.ConclusionsAdipose tissue-derived factors appear to mediate the metabolic and vascular changes that occur in patients with CABG surgery. Epicardial adipose tissue is unlikely to have major contribution to the development of CAD as adipokines are not elevated in SC independent of the mode of intervention.     

Impact of Tele-nursing on adherence to treatment plan in discharged patients after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A quasi-experimental study in Iran

Background and aimsCoronary artery bypass graft is a major surgery and has complications that require professional and long term follow-up and nursing care that if do not properly handled, could reduce the quality of life and increase post-operative complications. On the other hand Tele-nursing is a cost-effective way to educate and follow-up of patients. This study aimed to assess the impact of Tele-nursing on adherence to treatment plan in discharged patients after coronary artery bypass graft.Materials and methodsA quasi-experimental study was carried out at Ekbatan Therapeutic and Educational Center of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences at Hamadan, Iran, in 2013. In this study, 71 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery and had inclusion criteria were randomly divided into two experimental group (n = 36), and control group (n = 35). They completed questionnaire before discharging from Therapeutic and Educational Center. In the experimental group on days 2, 4, 7, second week (day 11), third week (day 18) and fourth week (day 25) after discharge, follow-up interventions and nursing education with Tele-nursing was done, but in the in the control groups, patients received only routine interventions. After completion of the intervention period, both groups completed the questionnaire and the results were compared.ResultsAdherence of treatment plan in both groups did not have significant difference before intervention (P = 0.696), but had a significant difference with regard to baseline after intervention in aromatherapy group (P <  0.01) and with control group after intervention (P < 0.01). Adherence to treatment plan in the aromatherapy group was better in compared to control group (P < 0.01).ConclusionTele-nursing is a convenient way, cost effective training and follow-up care for patients after coronary artery bypass surgery, which can improve patients’ adherence to treatment plan in developing countries such as Iran.     

Assessment of the EuroSCORE risk scoring system for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery in a group of Iranian patients

Results:Of the 2220 patients, in hospital deaths occurred in 270 patients (mortality rate of 12.2%). The accuracy of mortality prediction in the logistic EuroSCORE and APACHE II model was 89.1%; in the local EuroSCORE (logistic) was 91.89%; and in the local EuroSCORE support vector machines (SVM) was 98.6%. The area under curve for ROC curve, was 0.724 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–0.88) for logistic EuroSCORE; 0.836 (95% CI: 0.731–0.942) for local EuroSCORE (logistic); 0.978 (95% CI: 0.937–1) for Local EuroSCORE (SVM); and 0.832 (95% CI: 0.723–0.941) for APACHE II model. The HL test showed good calibration for the local EuroSCORE (SVM), APACHE II model and local EuroSCORE (logistic) (P = 0.823, P = 0.748 and P = 0.06 respectively); but there was a significant difference between expected and observed mortality according to EuroSCORE model (P = 0.033).Conclusion:We detected logistic EuroSCORE risk model is not applicable on Iranian patients undergoing CABG surgery.     

桡动脉解剖及获取技术在冠状动脉搭桥手术中的应用

目的：探讨冠状动脉搭桥术中桡动脉的获取技术方法及应用效果。方法：回顾性总结72例冠状动脉搭桥手术中取桡动脉的经验，介绍获取桡动脉的技术方法和体会。结果：在使用桡动脉获取技术的患者中，3例出现手术切口及手背皮肤术后短时间内麻木，其他患者无前臂感觉及活动障碍，无前臂缺血并发症。结论：当术前评价证实手部桡动脉供血区域有足够的侧枝循环时，桡动脉是最好的搭桥血管之一.     

Adherence to lifestyle changes after coronary artery bypass graft: Outcome of preoperative peer education

ObjectiveThis study was done to investigate the effect of preoperative peer education on patients' adherence to medication and lifestyle changes after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG).MethodsIn this randomized clinical trial, the peers of CABG patients conducted preoperative educational sessions at the ward in groups of 4–5 (n = 36) while the control group (n = 34) received routine education by a nurse. Adherence of both groups to medication and recommendations for lifestyle modification including physical activity, smoking, and diet was measured one and two months after discharge.ResultsA multivariate analysis of co-variance showed the significant effect of peer education on adherence (F = 32.586, p < 0.001; η² = 0.671). Univariate ANCOVA revealed a significant difference in adherence to diet between the two groups (F = 62.316, p = 0 0.0001; η² = 0.482). Based on the repeated measures ANOVA, peer education significantly improved the CABG patients' adherence to diet (F = 55.373, p = 0.0001) and their total adherence (F = 9.911, p = 0.002) compared to the control group.ConclusionPreoperative peer education had a significant effect on improving CABG patients' adherence to lifestyle changes after hospital discharge.Practice implicationPeer education can be used as an effective method to improve the CABG patients ' adherence to lifestyle changes.     

Effect of a flow-streamlining implant at the distal anastomosis of a coronary artery bypass graft

Intimal thickening in the coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) distal anastomosis has been implicated as the major cause of restenosis and long-term graft failure. Several studies point to the interplay between nonuniform hemodynamics including disturbed flows and recirculation zones, wall shear stress, and long particle residence time as possible etiologies. The hemodynamic features of two anatomic models of saphenous-vein CABGs were studied and compared. One simulated an anastomosis with both diameter and compliance mismatch and a curvature at the connection, analogous to the geometry observed in a conventional cardiothoracic procedure. The other, simulated an anastomosis with a flow stabilizing anastomotic implant connector which improves current cardiothoracic procedures by eliminating the distal vein bulging and curvature. Physiologic flow conditions were imposed on both models and qualitative analysis of the flow was performed with dye injection and a digital camera. Quantitative analysis was performed with laser Doppler velocimetry. Results showed that the presence of the bulge at the veno-arterial junction, contributed to the formation of accentuated secondary structures (helices), which progress into the flow divider and significantly affect radial velocity components at the host vessel up to four diameters downstream of the junction. The model with the implant, achieved more hemodynamically efficient conditions on the host vessel with higher mean and maximum axial velocities and lower radial velocities than the conventional model. The presence of the sinus may also affect the magnitude and shape of the shear stress at locations where intimal thickening occurs. Thus, the presence of the implant creates a more streamlined environment with more primary and less secondary flow components which may then inhibit the development of intimal thickening, restenosis, and ultimate failure of the saphenous vein graft. © 2002 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC2002: 8780Rb, 8719Rr, 8719Uv, 8763Lk, 8719Xx, 4262Be, 4780+v, 8710+e     

犬不停跳冠状动脉搭桥模型的构建

目的比较两种不同方法构建不停跳冠状动脉搭桥动物模型,探讨模型构建方法的可行性和优劣性。方法家犬20只随机分为头臂干组和降主动脉组,以小口径异种血管为桥血管。左侧第4肋间切口入胸,先行头臂干动脉或降主动脉端血管吻合,再行冠状动脉端血管吻合,术毕结扎左冠状动脉前降支近端。结果 2组犬均无术中死亡。头臂干组和降主动脉组主动脉端血管吻合用时分别为(33.9±4.8)min和(29.6±3.5)min(P0.05),冠状动脉端血管吻合用时分别为(28.5±3.0)min和(28.1±2.3)min(P0.05),2组术中出血量分别为(77.5±16.2)mL和(66.5±12.3)mL(P0.05)。降主动脉组术中侧壁钳夹降主动脉后股动脉血压明显降低,术后2只犬出现黑便。结论将小口径异种血管吻合在头臂干动脉或降主动脉均可成功构建犬不停跳冠状动脉搭桥模型;降主动脉组股动脉血压波动大,存在腹腔脏器缺血再灌注损伤;头臂干组血管吻合用时稍长,但术中股动脉血压波动小,模型构建相对更安全。     

Induction of anesthesia in coronary artery bypass graft surgery: the hemodynamic and analgesic effects of ketamine

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this prospective, randomized study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and analgesic effects of ketamine by comparing it with propofol starting at the induction of anesthesia until the end of sternotomy in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

INTRODUCTION

Anesthetic induction and maintenance may induce myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. A primary goal in the anesthesia of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is both the attenuation of sympathetic responses to noxious stimuli and the prevention of hypotension.

METHODS

Thirty patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were randomized to receive either ketamine 2 mg.kg⁻¹ (Group K) or propofol 0.5 mg.kg⁻¹ (Group P) during induction of anesthesia. Patients also received standardized doses of midazolam, fentanyl, and rocuronium in the induction sequence. The duration of anesthesia from induction to skin incision and sternotomy, as well as the supplemental doses of fentanyl and sevoflurane, were recorded. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, cardiac index, systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance indices, stroke work index, and left and right ventricular stroke work indices were obtained before induction of anesthesia; one minute after induction; one, three, five, and ten minutes after intubation; one minute after skin incision; and at one minute after sternotomy.

RESULTS

There were significant changes in the measured and calculated hemodynamic variables when compared to their values before induction. One minute after induction, mean arterial pressure and the systemic vascular resistance index decreased significantly in group P (p<0.01).

CONCLUSION

There were no differences between groups in the consumption of sevoflurane or in the use of additional fentanyl. The combination of ketamine, midazolam, and fentanyl for the induction of anesthesia provided better hemodynamic stability during induction and until the end of sternotomy in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.     

左侧肋间后动脉用于冠状动脉搭桥术的应用解剖

目的：为左侧肋间后动脉冠状动脉搭桥术提供解剖学基础。方法：在３０具成人尸体标本上,对左侧肋间后动脉及心脏冠状动脉的后降支和左缘支进行了观察。结果：左侧第８、９、１０肋间动脉到后降支（房窒交点下方１ｃｍ处＿平均外径分别为２．５、２．６、２．８ｍｍ,与冠状动脉后降支此点处外径（２．５ｍｍ）较为接近;到左缘支点处的平均外径为２．７、２．８、２．６ｍｍ,与左缘地此点处外径（２．１ｍｍ）较为接近;到后降支中