微创经皮肾镜联合输尿管软镜治疗肾结石疗效观察

目的观察微创经皮肾镜联合输尿管软镜治疗肾结石治疗的效果。方法 122例肾结石患者分为对照组及观察组,对照组（60例）采用微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗,观察组（62例）采用微创经皮肾镜联合输尿管软镜取石术治疗。比较两组手术时间、住院时间、结石清除率及术后并发症发生率。结果对照组手术时间及住院时间均明显高于观察组（均P〈0.05）。观察组结石清除率及术后并发症发生率均明显低于对照组（均P〈0.05）。结论微创经皮肾镜碎石术中联合输尿管软镜治疗肾结石具有损伤小、取石彻底及安全性高等优点,值得推广。     

单通道微创经皮肾镜取石术联合逆行输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾结石的有效性

目的:探讨单通道微创经皮肾镜取石术联合逆行输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾结石的有效性。方法:以我院108例老年复杂性肾结石患者为观察对象,随机分成两组,观察组(54例)采取单通道微创经皮肾镜取石术联合逆行输尿管软镜治疗,对照组(54例)采取开放性肾切开取石,比较两组的疗效和并发症。结果:两组间结石完全清除率、残留结石直径比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组下床活动时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组,手术出血量、术后复发率、并发症总发生率均明显低于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:单通道微创经皮肾镜取石术联合逆行输尿管软镜可减少并发症,降低复发率,是复杂性肾结石的有效治疗方案。     

多通道与单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾结石

【摘要】目的 探讨多通道与单通道微创经皮肾镜取石术（PCNL）联合输尿管软镜（RIRS）治疗复杂性肾结石患者的临床疗效。方法 选取我院2015年1月~2016年12月收治的复杂性肾结石患者76例, 根据患者入院治疗时间顺序交叉将患者分为对照组及观察组, 每组均为38例。对照组采用单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合RIRS进行取石治疗, 观察组采用多通道经皮肾镜取石术联合RIRS进行取石治疗, 比较两组患者的临床疗效。结果 观察组术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间均高于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组术后血红蛋白下降值大于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组术后1天血肌酐水平明显高于对照组, 较手术前呈现上升趋势（P<0.05）；观察组一期术后结石清除率明显优于对照组（P<0.05）；观察组一期术后平均残留结石直径低于对照组（P<0.05）；两组二期术后结石清除率、残留结石直径及手术后并发症发生率比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 多通道或单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜均能安全有效的治疗复杂性肾结石, 多通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜一期结石清除率高于单通道联合输尿管软镜术, 但单通道联合输尿管软镜术减少术中出血量及缩短患者住院时间具有一定优势, 临床可根据患者个人需求选择相应手术方案治疗复杂性肾结石。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾结石的疗效分析

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术联合经尿道输尿管软镜治疗对复杂性肾结石患者的临床疗效分析。方法我院共收治复杂性肾结石患者230例,其中单镜经皮肾镜碎石取石手术130例(对照组),双镜联合处理肾结石100例(试验组),将患者的临床治疗资料与患者实际康复情况进行统计整理进行分析。结果该研究使用双镜联合处理复杂性结石患者的一次性结石清除率,术中、术后出血的并发症发生率,术后身体康复情况及住院时间明显好于对照组。结论复杂性肾结石患者的治疗中采用微创经皮肾镜碎石取石术中联合经尿道输尿管软镜,对患者的身体损伤较小,一次性清石率明显较好,手术后期患者的康复周期短,值得临床推广使用。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾结石临床分析

目的 探讨复杂性肾结石应用微创经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗的效果.方法 方便选择该院2015年1月—2016年6月收治的复杂性肾结石患者128例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组64例,治疗组患者采用微创经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗,对照组患者采用经皮肾镜取石术治疗,观察手术时间、住院时间、结石清除率、并发症发生率.结果 治疗组手术时间(61.57±10.52)min、住院时间(5.71±1.08)d、并发症发生率3.1%(2/64),均低于对照组(81.96±10.95)min、(8.82±4.01)d、14.1%(9/64);治疗组结石清除率93.8%(60/64),高于对照组81.3%(52/64);差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 复杂性肾结石治疗时,采用微创经皮肾镜取石术与输尿管软镜联合的方式可提升结石清除率,且能够缩短手术时间及住院时间,减少术后并发症,具有良好的疗效.     

单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石的临床效果分析

目的探讨单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石的临床效果。方法选择2016年1月~2017年1月76例鹿角状肾结石患者作为研究对象,根据不同手术方法分组,每组各38例。对照组采用单通道经皮肾镜取石术进行治疗,研究组采用单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗。比较两组鹿角状肾结石治疗效果;平均住院时间、手术完成的时间;干预前后患者生存质量;周围脏器损伤、液气胸等并发症发生率。结果研究组鹿角状肾结石治疗效果高于对照组(P0.05);研究组平均住院时间、手术完成时间短于对照组(P0.05);干预前两组生存质量比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);干预后研究组生存质量优于对照组(P0.05)。研究组患者周围脏器损伤、液气胸等并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石的临床效果确切,可有效清除结石,缩短手术和住院时间,减少创伤,提高患者生存质量,值得推广。     

单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石28例

目的探讨单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道碎石联合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗鹿角状肾结石的有效性。方法回顾分析2009年6月至2012年10月收治的28例鹿角状肾结石患者的临床资料,上述患者均接受单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道或钬激光碎石联合输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗,一期先行单通道经皮肾镜气压弹道或钬激光碎石术,二期截石斜仰卧位下联合逆行输尿管软镜碎石取石术进行治疗。结果一期手术平均手术时间为135 min,二期手术平均手术时间为90 min,结石总清除率为89.28%(25/28)。3例患者残留结石,大小分别0.6~1.2 cm,其中2例术后4周接受体外冲击波碎石治疗。术后随访,3例残留结石患者2~6个月结石全部排出。结论单通道经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗鹿角状肾结石有创伤小、并发症少、结石清除率高等优点,方法安全、有效,可作为鹿角状肾结石的治疗方法。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾结石疗效研究

目的:探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗复杂性肾结石的临床疗效。方法:选取复杂性肾结石患者86例,按随机数表法分为两组,各43例。对照组行经皮肾镜取石术治疗,观察组予微创经皮肾取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗,比较两组临床相关指标、肾功能指标、并发症及结石清除率。结果:观察组手术时间、排气时间及住院时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05);两组术前半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C(Cys-C)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关载脂蛋白(NGAL)、血肌酐(Scr)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后观察组Cys-C、NGAL、Scr水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组并发症发生率6.98%(3/43)明显低于对照组的44.19%(19/43),结石清除率观察组高于对照组(97.67%与81.40%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:微创经皮肾取石术联合输尿管软镜治疗可缩短复杂性肾结石手术时间,减少对肾功能的影响,降低术后并发症发生,提高结石清除率。     

微创经皮肾镜碎石术联合输尿管软镜碎石术治疗孤立肾结石的临床效果及复发率评价

目的:评价应用微创经皮肾镜碎石术联合输尿管软镜碎石术治疗孤立肾结石的临床效果及复发率。方法:选取医院收治的孤立性肾结石患者60例,以随机数字表将患者分为两组,对照组以微创经皮肾镜碎石术治疗,观察组应用微创经皮肾镜碎石术联合输尿管软镜碎石术治疗,比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、Ⅰ期结石清除率以及术后随访1年的结石复发率。结果:观察组手术时间及术后住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05),术中出血量少于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅰ期结石清除率高于对照组(P<0.05),结石复发率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在孤立性肾结石的治疗中应用微创经皮肾镜碎石术联合输尿管软镜碎石术可缩短手术时间,减少术中出血量,且恢复快、结石清除率高、复发率低。     

微创经皮肾镜取石术和输尿管软镜碎石术治疗<2 cm肾结石疗效对比

目的探讨微创经皮肾镜取石术和输尿管软镜碎石术治疗2 cm肾结石的疗效差异。方法选择杭州师范大学医学院附属萧山区第一人民医院2015年1月~2016年10月收治的86例2 cm肾结石患者,根据治疗方式不同分成两组:观察组(采用微创经皮肾镜取石术治疗62例2 cm肾结石)和对照组(采用输尿管软镜碎石术治疗24例2 cm肾结石),统计两种治疗方式的净石成功率、手术时间、术后住院天数以及并发症等。结果观察组与对照组净石成功率分别为95.2%和91.7%(P0.05);手术时间分别为(46.8±10.8)min和(65.2±13.5)min(P0.01);术后住院天数分别为(3.7±1.4)d和(2.3±0.8)d(P0.01);术后总并发症发生率分别为20.97%和12.50%(P0.05),其中术后发热发生率分别为14.52%和0(P0.05)。在2 cm肾结石治疗中,微创经皮肾镜取石术手术时间短,但术后出血发生率高于输尿管软镜碎石术且术后住院天数延长。结论输尿管软镜碎石术在2 cm肾结石治疗者疗效与微创经皮肾镜取石术相当,具有更低的术后并发症发生率以及更短的术后住院天数。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.