PTEN在糖尿病肾病患者足细胞损伤中的作用

目的：探讨磷酸酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B( phosphoinositide 3 kinese/protein kinase B, PI3K/Akt)信号通路抑制因子PTEN与糖尿病肾病( diabetic nephropathy, DN)患者足细胞损伤的关系。方法收集30例DN患者和10例健康志愿者的24 h尿标本,采用酶联免疫吸附实验( enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测患者尿液中足盂蛋白( podocalyxin, PCX)的水平;肾活检组织进行形态学观察,根据肾小球病变将DN患者分为3组,免疫组化法检测各组肾小球内p-Akt和PTEN的表达。结果 DN患者尿液中PCX的水平明显高于健康对照组,并随肾小球病变加重其水平逐渐上升;p-Akt和PTEN在DN患者肾小球的表达有所上调,但随着肾小球病变的加重其表达逐渐减少;DN患者尿液中PCX水平与PTEN表达呈负相关,与24 h尿蛋白呈正相关。结论 PTEN表达下调可能通过改变Akt的活化状态,从而在DN患者足细胞损伤中发挥一定作用。     

UCH-L1在高糖刺激的足细胞及大鼠糖尿病肾病模型中的表达

目的探讨泛素羧基末端水解酶-1(ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-1,UCH-L1)在高糖诱导的体外足细胞及糖尿病肾病大鼠模型体内足细胞中的表达。方法以25 mmol/L高糖刺激体外足细胞0、12、24 h后,提取细胞蛋白,采用Western bolt法检测UCH-L1的表达。20只8~10周龄Wistar大鼠,随机分为对照组和糖尿病肾病模型(STZ)组并造模,各10只,定期检测体重、血糖变化,处死大鼠取肾脏组织,HE染色和PAS染色观察肾脏形态学改变,采用免疫组化PV 9000两步法染色以WT1定位足细胞,检测足细胞内UCH-L1的表达。结果在不同时间高糖处理后,足细胞UCH-L1蛋白表达量随时间延长明显升高(P0.01);体重、血糖检测及HE、PAS染色证明糖尿病肾病模型构建成功,STZ组足细胞(WT1定位)内UCH-L1呈阳性,而对照组几乎无明显表达。结论分子生物学和形态学两种方法联合证明高糖可诱导体内外足细胞中UCH-L1的表达升高。     

达格列净通过上调SIRT1增强糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏细胞自噬从而抑制足细胞损伤

目的:探讨达格列净(dapagliflozin)是否通过上调沉默信息调节因子2相关酶1(silent information regulator factor 2-related enzyme 1,SIRT1)的表达来增强糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏细胞自噬从而抑制其足细胞损伤.方法:采用高脂饮食和低剂量链脲佐菌素(strept...     

雷公藤甲素对2型糖尿病大鼠足细胞损伤的影响及机制

目的:探讨雷公藤甲素对2型糖尿病(DM)模型大鼠肾脏的足细胞损伤及其机制.方法:高糖高脂喂养加小剂量链脲佐菌素诱导建立2型糖尿病模型,将模型大鼠随机分为糖尿病组(DM组)和雷公藤甲素治疗组[DT组,200 μg/(kg*d)灌胃给药],另设对照组(NC组).8周末检测血压、血糖、肾重、肾肥大指数、24小时尿白蛋白(24 UAL)、Ccr及肾组织电镜改变.免疫组化染色检测肾组织ED-1表达的变化,免疫印迹法检测肾组织中Nephrin、OPN、TGF-β表达的改变.结果:DM大鼠24 UAL明显高于NC组(P＜0.05),雷公藤甲素治疗组大鼠24 UAL明显低于DM组(P＜0.05).DM组大鼠肾小球ED-1阳性细胞数明显高于NC组(P＜0.01),雷公藤甲素治疗后肾组织巨噬细胞浸润明显低于DM组(P＜0.05).DM组肾组织Nephrin表达较NC组显著降低(P＜0.01),雷公藤甲素可明显恢复肾组织Nephrin 表达(P＜0.01).与NC组比较,DM组肾组织OPN、TGF-β蛋白表达上调(P＜0.01),雷公藤甲素可显著抑制肾组织OPN、TGF-β的过度表达(P＜0.01).结论:雷公藤甲素可能通过抑制肾组织巨噬细胞浸润、炎症反应,从而减轻足细胞损伤,达到肾脏保护作用.     

Podocalyxin与糖尿病肾病的关系

足细胞标记蛋白(podocalyxin)作为足突顶端质膜的主要构成部分,是足突顶膜区主要的带负电荷的唾液酸蛋白,参与维持足细胞的正常结构和滤过屏障。糖尿病肾病早期以肾脏肥大和肾小球高滤过为特征。在肾小球足细胞的检测中,podocalyxin作为最常用的标记蛋白之一,对监测肾小球疾病的发生和发展起到极其重要的作用。深入研究podocalyxin对糖尿病肾小球病变的早期诊断及治疗有着重要的指导意义。     

前列腺素E1对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏细胞凋亡的影响及其机制的研究

目的:研究前列腺素E1(PGE1)对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠肾组织细胞凋亡及相关蛋白Fas、bcl-2表达的影响并探讨其机理。方法:大鼠75只随机分为4组,前3组用链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立糖尿病肾病模型,并分别给予PGE1、洛汀新和生理盐水,第4组作为正常对照组。所有的大鼠在喂养101d后处死,取其肾脏,观察细胞凋亡数量及Fas和bc1-2表达。结果:PGE1治疗组治疗前后肾小球和肾小管凋亡细胞均较糖尿病组显著减少,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:PGE1可抑制糖尿病肾病大鼠肾组织细胞凋亡,下调Fas的表达、上调bcl-2的表达,其作用明显优于洛汀新。     

富马酸二甲酯对糖尿病肾病自噬及足细胞功能的影响

目的 探究富马酸二甲酯(DMF)对糖尿病肾病(DN)自噬及足细胞功能的影响.方法 通过对大鼠腹腔注射50 mg/kg的STZ诱导了DN模型,DN组大鼠灌胃2 mL生理盐水,DN+25DMF组、DN+50DMF组和DN+75DMF组分别灌胃25、50和75 mg/(kg?d)的DMF,共治疗12周.检测各组大鼠的血糖、尿...     

左卡尼汀抑制过氧化氢介导的NFATc3核转位

 目的:探讨在过氧化氢(H2O2)刺激下,左卡尼汀对心肌细胞内胞浆活化T细胞核因子3（NFATc3）的表达及分布的影响。方法:以200 μmol/L H2O2刺激心肌细胞12 h建立氧化应激模型。在药物处理组,于氧化刺激前30 min加入左卡尼汀及钙调神经磷酸酶（CaN）特异性抑制剂环孢素A(CsA)。待刺激完成后,利用蛋白质免疫印迹法检测细胞内总NFATc3,以及胞浆内和胞核内NFATc3的水平,并以免疫荧光法检测NFATc3在细胞中的分布状况。结果:H2O2刺激不影响心肌细胞NFATc3的表达,但可诱导其由胞浆至胞核的转位。左卡尼汀预处理可以显著抑制NFATc3的核转位。结论: 左卡尼汀可通过抑制NFATc3的核转位发挥其抗氧化应激损伤的作用。     

α3β1整合素在糖尿病大鼠肾脏的表达及其与足细胞减少的关系

目的动态观察1型糖尿病大鼠肾小球足细胞及粘附分子α3β1整合素表达的时相变化,探讨α3β1整合素与足细胞减少,蛋白尿发生的关系。方法以1型糖尿病大鼠为动物模型,于第2,4,6,8,12周以肾小球足细胞表面标志物肾母细胞瘤抑制基因(Wilm’stumor1,WT1)水平检测足细胞密度变化,同时以免疫比浊法检测大鼠24h尿微量白蛋白水平,及RT-PCR法测定各组大鼠肾皮质α3β1整合素mRNA的表达水平。结果与对照组相比,糖尿病大鼠从2周起出现明显的足细胞密度减低,24h尿量和尿微量白蛋白增加,4周开始出现血尿素氮升高,8周开始出现血清肌酐升高,并且随着病程进展,足细胞密度和24h尿微量白蛋白水平变化更加明显。α3β1整合素mRNA水平从第2周起比正常对照组明显降低,而在4周、8周和12周并没有呈现持续的减少。结论在糖尿病肾病早期,α3β1整合素水平降低可能是导致足细胞减少和蛋白尿发生的主要原因,而随着糖尿病病程进展,可能有其他机制参与,从而导致了糖尿病肾病足细胞减少、蛋白尿发生和肾小球损伤的进展。     

保护素D1 通过抑制肾脏炎症及足突细胞上皮-间充质转化而抑制早期 糖尿病肾病小鼠肾纤维化

 目的：保护素D1 (PD1) 是一个潜在的抗炎症脂蛋白分子,本实验探讨其治疗早期糖尿病肾病（DN）肾纤维化的作用及机制。方法：用链脲佐菌素125 mg/kg 2次腹腔注射C57BL/6J雌性小鼠,建立早期DN小鼠模型。糖尿病模型成功后,用PD1（0.08 mg·kg-1·d-1）腹腔注射治疗,设正常鼠及DN鼠为对照。治疗8周后检测各组小鼠24 h尿蛋白及尿白蛋白定量、体重、肾重、肾重/体重比、血清及尿肌酐和肌酐清除率;用PAS染色法检测肾小球系膜区基质/肾小球面积比,用免疫荧光染色法检测肾皮质中巨噬细胞的数量,用Western blotting检测肾小球纤连蛋白（FN）和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）的表达,以及肾小球足突细胞特异性上皮标志蛋白zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)和P-cadherin的表达;同时,体外用高糖刺激小鼠巨噬细胞株RAW264.7,检测PD1对其分泌肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）的抑制作用。体外用转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）刺激小鼠足突细胞株,用Western blotting检测PD1对其诱导足突细胞上皮-间充质转化(EMT)中上皮细胞标志蛋白P-cadherin 和ZO-1减少的恢复作用,及间充质细胞标志蛋白成纤维细胞特异性蛋白1（FSP1） 和α-SMA过表达的抑制作用。结果：PD1能减少DN小鼠肾小球系膜基质的积聚、24 h尿蛋白及尿白蛋白定量、体重、肾重和肾重/体重比,抑制异常增高的肌酐清除率。PD1能减少DN小鼠肾皮质中巨噬细胞的数量,抑制DN小鼠肾小球FN和α-SMA的表达,恢复足突细胞特异性上皮标志蛋白ZO-1和P-cadherin的表达。PD1能抑制高糖诱导RAW264.7分泌TNF-α和IL-1β,能抑制TGF-β1诱导足突细胞FSP1和α-SMA表达的增加以及ZO-1和P-cadherin表达的减少。结论：PD1能减轻早期DN小鼠肾纤维化,其部分机制可能通过抑制肾脏的炎症及足突细胞EMT。     

FK506 ameliorates podocyte injury in type 2 diabetic nephropathy by down-regulating TRPC6 and NFAT expression

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal failure, and podocyte injury plays a major role in the development of DN. In this study, we investigated whether tacrolimus (FK506), an immunosuppressor, can attenuate podocyte injury in a type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rat model with DN. Transmission electron microcopy was used to morphologically evaluate renal injury. The urinary albumin (UAL), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and major biochemical parameters, including glucose, insulin, serum creatinine (Scr), urea nitrogen, total cholesterol (CHO) and triglyceride (TG), were examined 12 weeks after the administration of FK506. The expressions of the canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6), nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) and nephrin were detected by Western blotting and qPCR. In the rat model of DN, the expressions of TRPC6 and NFAT were significantly elevated compared with the normal rat group; however, the treatment with FK506 normalized the increased expression of TRPC6 and NFAT and attenuated podocyte ultrastructure injury. UAL, Ccr and the biochemical parameters were also improved by the use of FK506. In cell experiments, FK506 improved the decreased expression of nephrin and suppressed the elevated expression of both TRPC6 and NFAT caused by high glucose in accordance with TRPC6 blocker {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"U73122","term_id":"4098075","term_text":"U73122"}}U73122. Our results demonstrated that FK506 could ameliorate podocyte injury in T2DM, which may be related to suppressed expressions of TRPC6 and NFAT.     

Piwil 2 gene transfection changes the autophagy status in a rat model of diabetic nephropathy

This study aims to investigate effects of Piwil2 on autohpagy in a DN rat model. Sixty health SD rats were selected and divided into four group, including normal group, control, DN and Piwil2 therapy group. DN model (DN group) was established by injecting the streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) into rats. Piwil2 therapy group was injected with viral plasmid carrying Piwil2 mRNA to DN rats. The urinary protein concentrations were determined by placing the animals in individual metabolic cages for a timed urine collection every 8 weeks. Blood and soleus muscle samples were collected after animals were sacrificed. Blood glucose was examined by using commercial detection kits. Western blot assay was employed to examine expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 (LC3 I and LC3 II) protein. Results indicated that urinary protein levels were remarkably higher in DN group compared to Normal and Control group (P<0.05). Blood glucose values were also increased in DN group compared to Normal and Control group (P<0.05). Body weights decreased significantly in DN rats compared to Normal group and Control group (P<0.05). Expression of Beclin 1 protein and LC3 proteins was significantly decreased in DN group compared to Normal and Control group (P<0.05). However, Piwil2 transfection could enhance level of Beclin 1 and LC3 protein significantly compared to DN group. In conclusion, the Tiwil 2 mRNA transfection could obviously enhance the autophagy biomarker, including Beclin 1 and LC3 protein, which indicates that the Tiwil 2 treatment has improved the autophagy in diabetic nephropathy rats.     

Risk genotypes and haplotypes of the GLUT1 gene for type 2 diabetic nephropathy in the Tunisian population

Objective: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a long-term complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Genetic studies on DN have been of little help so far, since several genetic association studies have shown conflicting results. Here we report the findings of a case-control study on five SNPs in the glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) gene. The study investigated the association of five GLUT1 genotypes and haplotypes with DN.

Research design and methods: All subjects, 126 DN (cases) and 273 type 2 diabetes (controls), were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results: The TT and the AA genotypes of the Haell and Enh2 SNP1, increased the risk of DN. The study also identified CGT as the highest risk haplotype (4.4-fold) followed by CAT with an increased risk of DN of 2.6-fold.

Conclusions: The GLUT1 gene confers susceptibility to DN in type 2 diabetes patients in the Tunisian population.     

厄洛替尼减轻STZ诱导的糖尿病肾病模型大鼠的肾损伤

目的:研究表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)抑制剂厄洛替尼(erlotinib)对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及机制。方法:采用大剂量(55 mg/kg)链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射诱导大鼠糖尿病肾病模型,以1周后血糖值16.7 mmol/L的大鼠为造模成功的标准。将糖尿病大鼠随机分为2组[STZ组和STZ+erlotinib(100 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))组],并以正常大鼠为对照组(control组)。Erlotinib处理4周后,检测大鼠空腹血糖、血清肌酐和24 h尿蛋白含量的变化;HE染色和Masson染色观察肾脏组织病理学改变;Western blot检测各组肾脏组织中EGFR、p-EGFR、转化生长因子β1(TGFβ1)、Smad2/3、p-Smad2/3、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白(ColⅣ)和纤连蛋白(fibronectin)的蛋白水平;活性氧簇(ROS)和丙二醛(MDA)试剂盒分别检测各组肾脏组织中ROS和MDA水平。结果:与control组相比,STZ组血糖、24 h尿蛋白和血清肌酐水平均显著升高(P0.01),肾组织形态学出现异常变化;与STZ组相比,STZ+erlotinib组的血糖、24 h尿蛋白水平和血清肌酐水平显著降低(P0.05),肾小球结构恢复正常,肾小球系膜细胞增生程度明显减弱。厄洛替尼明显抑制了STZ大鼠肾组织中p-EGFR、TGFβ1、p-Smad2/3、ColⅣ和fibronectin蛋白水平,也明显抑制了STZ大鼠肾组织中ROS和MDA水平。结论:厄洛替尼可能通过抑制EGFR/TGFβ1-Smad2/3信号通路的激活来抑制糖尿病肾病肾组织的纤维化和氧化应激反应,从而减轻肾损伤。     

小檗碱对糖尿病肾病大鼠C反应蛋白的影响

目的:观察小檗碱对糖尿病肾病大鼠C反应蛋白的影响。方法:将48只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、模型组、小檗碱75、150及300mg.kg-1组、罗格列酮组六组,每组8只。除正常对照组外,其余各组大鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ,55mg.kg-1),成功造模后小檗碱各组及罗格列酮组分别灌胃给予75、150、300mg.kg-1小檗碱以及4mg.kg-1罗格列酮,连续6w后检测大鼠血糖、体重,HE染色检测肾脏病理改变,ELISA法检测C反应蛋白活性。结果:与正常对照组相比,糖尿病组血糖与C反应蛋白活性明显升高(P<0.05),与模型组比较,小檗碱各组血糖与C反应蛋白活性明显降低(P<0.05),有统计学意义。结论:小檗碱可降低糖尿病大鼠血糖和C反应蛋白,减轻糖尿病肾病。     

白细胞介素22抗体抑制Snail1高表达对糖尿病肾病的影响

目的:探讨白细胞介素22(IL-22)在糖尿病肾病(DN)发生发展中的作用及机制。方法:将C57 BL/6小鼠随机分成正常对照(NC)组、DN组、重组IL-22(r IL-22)干预组(DN+r IL-22组)和IL-22中和抗体(anti-IL-22)干预组(DN+anti-IL-22组)。糖尿病造模成功8周后,DN+rIL-22组和DN+anti-IL-22组分别给予rIL-22(200μg/kg)和anti-IL-22(200μg/kg)腹腔注射,NC组和DN组分别给予等量的0.1%牛血清白蛋白腹腔注射,每周2次,连续4周。干预结束后,检测各组小鼠血糖、肾功能、24 h尿微量白蛋白(m-Alb)和24 h尿肌酐(UCr)水平,光镜下观察肾脏组织的病理结构改变,qPCR法检测肾脏组织Snail1的mRNA表达,Western blot法检测肾脏组织纤连蛋白(FN)和E-钙黏素(E-cadherin)的表达水平。结果:干预结束后,与NC组小鼠比较,各模型组24 hm-Alb/UCr比值均显著升高(P0.05);相较于DN组,DN+rIL-22组24 hm-Alb和24 hUCr均显著升高(P0.05);而DN+anti-IL-22组24 hm-Alb、24 h UCr和24 hm-Alb/UCr比值较DN组和DN+rIL-22组均得到改善(P0.05)。光镜下可见糖尿病小鼠肾小管上皮细胞空泡变性、蛋白管型形成和肾小球系膜扩张,DN+rIL-22组上述病变更广泛,而DN+anti-IL-22组病变程度得以改善。qPCR发现糖尿病小鼠Snail1的mRNA表达显著升高(P0.05),anti-IL-22阻断4周后Snail1的mRNA显著下降(P0.05)。Western blot发现DN+rIL-22组细胞外基质蛋白FN较NC组和DN组显著升高(P0.05),且肾小管上皮-间充质转化标志物E-cadherin显著下降(P0.05)。结论:IL-22中和抗体可能通过抑制肾小管上皮细胞Snail1信号分子高表达,减轻DN小鼠微量白蛋白尿,延缓DN进程。     

Histone modification in podocyte injury of diabetic nephropathy

Journal of Molecular Medicine - Diabetic nephropathy (DN), an important complication of diabetic microvascular disease, is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), which brings...