前后路手术治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床疗效分析

［摘要］ 目的　比较前后路手术对胸腰段脊柱骨折治疗的临床疗效．方法　对76例胸腰段脊柱骨折患者分别采用前路或后路手术进行治疗,通过比较2种手术方法的手术时间、术中出血量以及患者手术前后脊柱前缘高度、Cobb角和JOA评分情况,分析2种手术方法的临床治疗效果．结果　后路手术治疗患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间以及并发症发生率均小于前路组（P＜0.05）;手术前及手术后2周2组患者脊柱前缘高度和Cobb角无明显差别（P＞0.05）;而12个月及24个月时,前路组患者伤椎前缘高度、Cobb角恢复情况以及JOA评分优于后路组患者（P＜0.05）．结论　后路手术的出血量较少、手术时间和住院时间较短,术后并发症发生率较低;前路手术在椎体高度、Cobb角以及脊髓功能恢复的远期疗效方面优于后路手术．     

胸腰段脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤治疗方法的对比研究

目的观察前路手术入路和后路手术入路治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤的疗效。方法 2010年3月～2011年4月笔者所在医院治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折伴脊髓损伤患者44例,随机分为两组,前路手术组和后路手术组,各22例。对两组患者治疗的疗效进行分析。结果两组患者经治疗后,前路手术组术后运动评分、触觉评分、cobb角、伤椎高度恢复情况好于后路手术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论前路手术入路可让患者的脊髓功能得到良好的恢复,其疗效优于后路手术入路。     

舌路短节段椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折并不全瘫的疗效观察

目的观察后路短节段椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折并不全瘫的疗效。方法选取笔者所在医院2011年7月起收治的胸腰椎爆裂骨折合并不全瘫患者32例作为研究对象,设立为研究组。另选择同期前路手术的胸腰椎爆裂骨折合并不全瘫患者26例,设立为对照组。观察比较两组患者手术前后的Cobb角、椎管占位比及伤椎前缘高度的变化情况。结果研究组和对照组术后的Cobb角、椎管占位比及伤椎前缘高度均较术前明显改善。且研究组的Cobb角、椎管占位比较对照组降低显著,差异有高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）,而研究组伤椎前缘高度较对照组升高显著,差异也存在高度统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论后路短节段椎弓根钉棒内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折并不全瘫疗效显著,值得推广和应用。     

椎旁肌肌间隙入路联合伤椎椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗无神经损伤胸腰椎骨折

目的：观察经椎旁肌肌间隙入路伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定对单节段无神经损伤胸腰椎骨折的治疗效果。方法选取单节段胸腰椎骨折患者13例,采用椎旁肌间隙入路伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗,观察患者术后伤椎矢状面Cobb角、伤椎椎体前缘高度、疼痛、脊柱功能和并发症发生情况。结果本组患者手术均顺利完成,术后均获1年随访,切口甲级愈合;术后伤椎矢状面Cobb角均较术前明显缩小,手术前后比较差异有统计学意义（ P﹤0.05）;术后伤椎椎体前缘高度较术前明显增高（ P﹤0.05）;术后VAS评分及ODI均较术前明显下降（ P﹤0.05）。治疗过程中均无感染、内固定松动或断裂等并发症发生。结论经椎旁肌肌间隙入路伤椎置钉短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定能有效纠正单节段胸腰椎骨折伤椎前缘高度,纠正后凸畸形,不良反应少。     

不同手术入路方式治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果观察

目的 探讨不同手术入路方式治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效.方法 选择95例胸腰椎患者,依照不同手术入路分为两组,41例采用前路减压植骨融合固定术(前路组),54例采用后路减压短节段钉棒固定术(后路组);观察两组手术时间、术中出血量、神经功能、伤椎前缘压缩、后凸Cobb' s角及椎管受堵指数.结果 后路组的手术时间、术中出血量小于前路组,但前路组在伤椎前缘压缩方面优于后路组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);其余指标在两组间的差异无统计学意义.结论 后路减压短节段钉棒固定术治疗胸腰椎骨折,神经功能恢复良好,后凸畸形矫正满意,且手术时间短、术中出血量少,临床效果满意.     

前路短节段内固定+伤椎置钉术与后正中小切口非融合手术治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的疗效比较

目的:观察前路短节段内固定+伤椎置钉术与后正中小切口非融合手术治疗胸腰段脊柱骨折的疗效比较.方法:选取收治的86例胸腰段脊柱骨折患者随机分为两组,对照组行前路短节段内固定+伤椎置钉术治疗,试验组术式选择后正中小切口非融合手术,记录两组手术效果(手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口愈合时间、伤椎Cobb角矫正率),对比其术后1...     

椎弓根钉棒不同入路方式内固定治疗脊柱胸腰段骨折效果观察

目的研究脊柱胸腰段骨折采用椎弓根钉棒不同入路方式内固定治疗的临床效果。方法选取滑县人民医院2014年4月至2016年8月收治的62例脊柱胸腰段骨折患者,根据手术方式分为对照组与观察组,各31例。予以对照组传统后正中入路手术治疗,予以观察组经椎旁肌间隙入路手术治疗。比较两组手术效果、手术前后影像学[伤椎夹角(Cobb角)、伤椎前缘高度]及疼痛(VAS)评分变化。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、引流量及住院时间均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后,两组Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论椎弓根钉棒不同入路方式内固定治疗脊柱胸腰段骨折均可有效改善患者影像学指标,经椎旁肌间隙入路手术效果优于传统后正中入路手术,且患者疼痛感较低。     

椎旁肌间隙入路短节段固定结合伤椎固定在胸腰椎手术中的应用价值

目的：探讨胸腰椎手术中椎旁肌间隙入路短节段固定结合伤椎固定的优越性和临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院收治的66例胸腰椎骨折患者,按入院顺序平均分成两组,研究组33例患者采用椎旁肌间隙入路短节段固定结合伤椎固定,对照组采用传统后路短节段固定结合伤椎固定,记录两组手术时间、术中出血量及住院天数,并比较两组患者术前及术后3个月Cobb角、椎体前缘高度及VAS评分情况。结果研究组患者的手术时间（68.5±10.6） min、术中出血量（85.4±10.5） ml及住院天数（10.8±2.5） d均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,其Cobb角、椎体前缘高度及VAS评分较术前均明显改善,且改善程度明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论椎旁肌间隙入路短节段固定结合伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎骨折临床效果好,安全可靠,值得临床推广使用。     

椎旁肌间隙入路在FrankelE级胸腰椎爆裂性骨折中的临床疗效分析

目的：比较2种不同入路（椎旁肌间隙入路或传统后正中入路）在治疗无神经症状（ Frankel分级E级）的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折中的临床疗效。方法：回顾分析2010年3月～2013年7月在我院行椎弓根螺钉固定的40例Frankel E级单节段胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者,其中20例选择传统的后正中入路,20例选择经椎旁肌间隙入路,记录并比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间、术前及术后72小时的腰背痛疼痛视觉模拟（ Visual Analogue Scale , VAS）评分,比较2组患者手术前后脊柱后凸Cobb角的改善情况以及伤椎前缘高度的恢复情况。结果：所有患者均顺利完成手术并获得随访,术后均无伤口感染,内固定松动断裂等并发症,经椎旁肌间隙入路组患者在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后卧床时间,术后72小时的VAS评分方面明显优于传统的后正中入路组（P＜0．05）;2组患者在手术前后伤椎Cobb角的纠正率以及伤椎前缘高度的恢复程度方面无明显差异（ P＞0．05）。结论：在Frankel E级的胸腰椎爆裂性骨折治疗中,经椎旁肌间隙入路是切实可行的手术入路;与传统后正中入路相比,在保证伤椎椎体高度恢复及Cobb角纠正的前提下,同时还具有手术时间短、出血少、术后恢复快、患者满意等优点,值得推广。     

不同手术入路治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效

目的:探讨经椎旁肌间隙入路与传统后正中入路治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折临床疗效.方法:回顾分析60例获得6个月以上随访的胸腰椎爆裂骨折病人临床资料,其中采用经椎旁肌间隙入路手术治疗30例(观察组),经传统后正中入路手术治疗30例(对照组),比较2组病人手术持续时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)、伤椎前缘高度及伤椎体Cobb角,对2种手术入路进行疗效评价.结果:观察组患者手术持续时间、术中出血量及术后引流量均明显少于对照组(P<0.01);观察组术后1周及术后6个月VAS评分均明显低于对照(P<0.01);2组病人术后1周及术后6个月Cobb角改善及椎体前缘高度恢复情况差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:经椎旁肌间隙入路与经传统后正中入路治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折均可达到理想疗效,但椎旁肌间隙入路具有出血少、创伤小及患者疼痛小等优点,值得临床推广.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.