NLRP3炎症小体研究进展

NLRP3炎症小体作为固有免疫的重要组分在机体免疫反应和疾病发生过程中具有重要作用.由于能被多种类型的病原体或危险信号所激活,NLRP3炎症小体在多种疾病过程中都发挥了关键作用,包括最初被确认的家族性周期性自身炎症反应,到2型糖尿病、阿尔海默茨病和动脉粥样硬化症等.因此,作为炎症反应的核心,NLRP3炎症小体可能为各种...     

NLRP3炎症小体与溃疡性结肠炎的研究进展

溃疡性结肠炎是肠道慢性炎性反应性疾病,遗传易感性、肠道菌群和黏膜免疫功能失调在溃疡性结肠炎的发生发展过程中起重要作用.目前研究显示NLRP3基因与溃疡性结肠炎的易感性相关,NLRP3炎症小体可维持肠道内环境稳定,对实验性结肠炎具有保护作用,其功能缺陷可能导致对溃疡性结肠炎易感.NLRP3炎症小体有可能成为溃疡性结肠炎治疗的新靶点.     

NLRP3炎症小体激活的调控机制研究进展

NLRP3炎症小体是固有免疫系统的重要组成部分,在抵抗病原体感染及危险信号刺激过程中发挥关键作用。同时,NLRP3炎症小体的异常激活也与糖尿病、阿尔茨海默病、红斑狼疮等疾病密切相关。因此,调控和干预炎症小体激活过程对维持机体免疫稳态和发挥免疫功能有重要作用。本文从NLRP3的翻译后修饰、互作分子、细胞器和细胞定位改变以及与NLRP3功能相关的代谢过程和代谢物等多个方面综述了NLRP3炎症小体激活的调控机制研究进展,以期为理解炎症小体激活和炎症反应的发生,以及治疗炎症相关疾病提供新的借鉴。     

平喘方对哮喘小鼠NLRP3炎症小体信号通路表达的影响

目的:研究平喘方(PCF)对哮喘模型小鼠NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体信号通路的影响,探索其缓解哮喘气道炎症的内在机制.方法:将雄性BALB/c小鼠随机分为空白对照(Control)组、哮喘模型(Model)组、地塞米松(DEX)组和平喘方(PCF)组,每组10只,采用卵清白蛋白(OVA)+铝...     

NLRP3炎症小体与支气管哮喘关系研究进展

NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体是细胞内的免疫复合物,通过NOD受体识别进而激活并释放caspase-1、IL-1β、IL-18等炎症因子诱导免疫反应,与哮喘的发病密切相关.本文介绍了NLRP3炎症小体的激活方式,并对NLRP3炎症小体在哮喘气道炎症细胞和组分中的作用机制、气道重塑和气道上皮细胞...     

NLRP3炎症小体在神经血管疾病中的作用

炎症小体是多蛋白复合物,可以招募并诱导半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶-1前体(pro-caspase-1)成为有活性的半胱氨酸天冬氨酸酶-1(caspase-1),从而促进IL-1β和IL-18成熟与释放。许多研究表明NLRP3炎症小体与缺血性脑卒中、阿兹海默症(AD)、外伤性脑损伤(TBI)、脑瘤等神经血管疾病的发生发展密切相关。本文综述了NLRP3炎症小体激活途径,并着重介绍了NLRP3炎症小体介导的在上述几种神经血管疾病中的作用,为相关研究提供了基础资料。     

NLRP3炎症小体在肌萎缩侧索硬化症中的作用

肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)是一种以运动神经元变性为特征的神经退行性疾病。其具体发病机制迄今尚未完全阐明,研究发现持续过度的炎症反应在ALS的发病机制中发挥重要作用。而作为中枢神经系统中最具特征的炎症小体,NLRP3炎性小体的激活是ALS发病的关键因素之一。因此,靶向NLRP3炎症小体可能为ALS的治疗开辟新的途径。     

NLRP3炎症小体活化促进上皮细胞焦亡诱导变应性鼻炎

目的 研究NLRP3炎症小体激活在变异性鼻炎的发生发展中的作用,并试图探讨其潜在的机制.方法 利用野生型(wide-type,WT)和NLRP3基因敲除(knock out,KO)小鼠构建卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)诱导的变异性鼻炎模型.按照体质量将小鼠随机分为4组:WT、WT-OVA、NLRP3 KO、NL...     

SO_2衍生物通过NLRP3炎症小体促进气道上皮细胞炎症发生

目的:观察二氧化硫(SO_2)衍生物亚硫酸钠和亚硫酸氢钠对支气管上皮细胞NLRP3炎症小体活化的影响。方法:使用不同浓度的SO_2衍生物作用于支气管上皮细胞16HBE,通过流式细胞术检测细胞内活性氧簇(ROS)的生成,Western blot检测细胞内NLRP3和caspase-1 p20蛋白水平,ELISA检测细胞上清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)的分泌水平,结合细胞毒性实验(MTT)确定2 mmol/L为SO_2衍生物的实验浓度。采用RNA干扰技术沉默16HEB细胞NLRP3基因及ROS清除剂N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)预处理16HBE细胞,通过流式细胞术检测细胞内ROS, Western blot和ELISA分别检测NLRP3和caspase-1 p20蛋白表达及IL-1β分泌水平。结果:与对照组比较, 2 mmol/L和4 mmol/L SO_2衍生物组细胞内ROS水平、 NLRP3和caspase-1 p20蛋白表达及细胞上清液中IL-1β水平明显升高(P0.05)。与2 mmol/L SO_2衍生物组比较,NLRP3 siRNA组细胞内的NLRP3和caspase-1 p20蛋白水平明显降低(P0.05),且细胞上清液中IL-1β的浓度明显下降(P0.05),ROS无明显变化;NAC组NLRP3和caspase-1 p20蛋白水平及IL-1β浓度均明显下降(P0.05)。结论:SO_2衍生物激活支气管上皮细胞NLRP3炎症小体,促进IL-1β生成。     

双氢青蒿素对CNP模型大鼠的治疗作用及对炎症小体NLRP3信号通路的影响北大核心CSCD

目的:探究双氢青蒿素(DHA)对慢性前列腺炎(CNP)模型大鼠的治疗作用及对炎症小体NLRP3信号通路的影响。方法:6周龄健康雄性SPF级SD大鼠分为5组:对照组、模型组、DHA低、高剂量组和前列康组,每组6只。除对照组外,其余组大鼠均建立CNP模型。对照组和模型组不采取治疗,DHA高、低剂量组每天灌胃给予40、20 mg/kg DHA,前列康组每天灌胃给予0.5 g/kg前列康片,连续治疗1个月。von Frey法检测大鼠痛觉敏感性,统计大鼠体质量和前列腺重量,HE染色观察大鼠前列腺组织病理损伤,ELISA检测大鼠前列腺组织TNF-α、IL-6和IL-10表达,Western blot检测大鼠前列腺组织NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达。结果:高、低剂量DHA和前列康片均显著降低了CNP大鼠痛觉敏感性和前列腺指数,增加了体质量,改善了前列腺组织病理损伤,并显著降低了前列腺组织TNF-α和IL-6含量,增加了IL-10含量,高剂量DHA和前列康片治疗效果优于低剂量DHA。高、低剂量DHA均显著降低了大鼠前列腺组织NLRP3、caspase-1、IL-1β蛋白表达。结论:DHA通过抑制NLRP3炎症小体通路减弱CNP大鼠炎症反应。     

外源性硫化氢对小鼠原代肝细胞内脂质自噬分解的影响

目的:研究硫化氢(H2S)供体GYY4137释放的外源性H2S对小鼠原代肝细胞内脂质自噬分解的影响。方法:采用2步原位灌流法分离C57BL/6小鼠原代肝细胞并分为4组:用正常培养基培养正常组细胞;模型组用含1.2 mmol/L油酸(溶于10%的BSA)的培养基培养48 h;H2S组和炔丙基甘氨酸(PAG)组则用1.2 mmol/L油酸(溶于10%的BSA)的培养液培养48 h,然后换无血清无酚红的RPMI-1640培养液(同时分别给予1 mmol/L GYY4137和200μmol/L PAG)处理6 h。收集各组细胞做LC3免疫荧光染色,拍摄荧光和相差图片;Western blot检测肝细胞中LC3-Ⅰ/Ⅱ的蛋白表达量;透射电镜观察肝细胞超微结构。结果:和模型组相比,H2S组肝细胞内LC3荧光颗粒和蛋白表达量增加,自噬溶酶体数量增加,细胞内空泡增多。结论:外源性H2S可促进脂肪变性肝细胞内脂质自噬分解。     

缺氧对少突胶质前体细胞内NLRP3炎症小体表达的影响

目的:观察缺氧对少突胶质前体细胞(preOL)内Nod样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)及细胞凋亡相关斑点样蛋白(ASC)表达的影响。方法:将体外分离纯化的preOL分为正常组和缺氧组,1%O25%CO2、37℃缺氧培养箱培养9 h建立preOL缺氧损伤模型。TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡,免疫荧光染色、qRT-PCR及Western Blot检测NLRP3表达,Western Blot检测ASC表达。结果:preOL缺氧损伤后胞质内出现空泡,胞膜破裂,突起出现肿胀、断裂;凋亡率较正常组增加(P0.05);缺氧组NLRP3阳性细胞数和平均荧光强度均较正常组增加(P0.05),NLRP3的mRNA及蛋白水平也均较正常组增加(P0.05);ASC蛋白的表达在缺氧后上调(P0.05)。结论:preOL的缺氧损伤可能与激活NLRP3炎症小体有关。     

Molecular mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling complexes that trigger the activation of inflammatory caspases and the maturation of interleukin-1β. Among various inflammasome complexes, the NLRP3 inflammasome is best characterized and has been linked with various human autoinflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Thus, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a promising target for anti-inflammatory therapies. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms by which the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in the cytosol. We also describe the binding partners of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes activating or inhibiting the inflammasome assembly. Our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and how these influence inflammatory responses offers further insight into potential therapeutic strategies to treat inflammatory diseases associated with dysregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.     

Sensing damage by the NLRP3 inflammasome

The NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in response to a variety of signals that are indicative of damage to the host including tissue damage, metabolic stress, and infection. Upon activation, the NLRP3 inflammasome serves as a platform for activation of the cysteine protease caspase-1, which leads to the processing and secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation is associated with both heritable and acquired inflammatory diseases. Here, we review new insights into the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its role in disease pathogenesis.     

NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic multiprotein complex composed of the innate immune receptor protein NLRP3, adapter protein ASC, and inflammatory protease caspase-1 that responds to microbial infection, endogenous danger signals, and environmental stimuli. The assembled NLRP3 inflammasome can activate the protease caspase‐1 to induce gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis and facilitate the release of IL-1β and IL-18, which contribute to innate immune defense and homeostatic maintenance. However, aberrant activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. Recent studies have revealed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to not only pyroptosis but also other types of cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. In addition, various effectors of cell death have been reported to regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting that cell death is closely related to NLRP3 inflammasome activation. In this review, we summarize the inextricable link between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and cell death and discuss potential therapeutics that target cell death effectors in NLRP3 inflammasome-associated diseases.     

Initiation and perpetuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and assembly

The NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that orchestrates innate immune responses to infection and cell stress through activation of caspase-1 and maturation of inflammatory cytokines pro-interleukin-1β (pro-IL-1β) and pro-IL-18. Activation of the inflammasome during infection can be protective, but unregulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in response to non-pathogenic endogenous or exogenous stimuli can lead to unintended pathology. NLRP3 associates with mitochondria and mitochondrial molecules, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to diverse stimuli requires cation flux, mitochondrial Ca²⁺ uptake, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation. It remains uncertain whether NLRP3 surveys mitochondrial integrity and senses mitochondrial damage, or whether mitochondria simply serve as a physical platform for inflammasome assembly. The structure of the active, caspase-1-processing NLRP3 inflammasome also requires further clarification, but recent studies describing the prion-like properties of ASC have advanced the understanding of how inflammasome assembly and caspase-1 activation occur while raising new questions regarding the propagation and resolution of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Here, we review the mechanisms and pathways regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation, discuss emerging concepts in NLRP3 complex organization, and expose the knowledge gaps hindering a comprehensive understanding of NLRP3 activation.