冠心病患者发生阿司匹林抵抗及其应对措施

目的分析冠心病患者抗阿司匹林发生率、抗血小板药物使用情况及其效果。方法 2013年2月~2015年2月共收集冠心病患者300例,通过血小板聚集仪测定血小板聚集率,根据结果统计抗阿司匹林发生率。同时抗阿司匹林冠心病患者分别行氯吡格雷治疗(计为氯吡格雷组)、阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗(计为联合组),比较2组治疗前后血小板聚集率、凝血指标及不良反应情况。结果 300例患者中发生抗阿司匹林者60例(20.0%)。2组临床资料比较无显著差异(P0.05)。2组治疗后ADP、AA诱导血小板聚集率较治疗前均明显下降(P0.05);氯吡格雷组治疗后ADP、AA分别诱导血小板聚集率为(30.5±11.5)%、(18.4±12.3)%,显著低于联合组的(54.4±12.1)%、(30.0±9.4)%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组组内治疗前后、组间治疗前、治疗后PT、TT、a PTT、Fbg比较无显著差异(P0.05)。2组均无明显不良反应发生。结论冠心病患者抗阿司匹林发生率较高,氯吡格雷、氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林均能明显降低抗阿司匹林冠心病患者血小板聚集率,无明显不良反应,安全可靠。     

研究氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林抗血小板聚集临床疗效的用药策略

目的探讨氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林抗血小板聚集临床疗效的用药策略。方法将我院于2017年1月至2018年7月收治的进行脑梗死患者进行统计分析,共计99例,分别予以不同治疗方式,其中包括氯吡格雷组(给予氯吡格雷治疗)、阿司匹林组(接受阿司匹林治疗)、联合组(阿司匹林+氯吡格雷治疗);各组应用剂量相符,观察不同治疗方式的临床效果,探究联合治疗方式抗血小板聚集的效果,分析其用药策略,探讨其临床应用价值。结果联合组治疗有效率及AA%、ADP%水平均显著优于氯吡格雷组与阿司匹林组,P0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林应用于血栓性疾病中疗效显著,能够有效抑制血小板聚集,见效迅速,蛋白结合率高,相较于单一用药方式优势明显,值得推广。     

阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷应用对血小板聚集率影响的Meta分析

目的对有关阿司匹林、氯吡格雷对血小板聚集率影响相关文献进行系统评价，为临床用药提供参考。方法查阅国内外已公开发表的有关阿司匹林、氯吡格雷对血小板聚集率影响的临床随机对照试验文献，主要以血小板聚集率为评价指标，以Cochrane协作网的软件RevMan4．2进行Meta分析。结果共有5篇文献符合入选标准，总样本数为198。以二磷酸腺苷为聚集剂，阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷组与阿司匹林组的有效率差值为-26．59，95％可信区间（-38．30，-14．87），位于无效线左侧，具有统计学意义。以胶原蛋白为聚集剂，阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷组与阿司匹林组有效率差值为-16．05，95％可信区间为（-27．37，-4．74）位于无效线的左侧，具有统计学意义。结论阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷对血小板聚集率的影响优于单用阿司匹林，服用氯吡格雷负荷剂量300mg，则影响不大。     

不同抗血小板治疗对急性脑梗死患者血小板活化聚集状态的比较

目的:探讨不同抗血小板治疗对脑梗死急性期患者血小板活化及聚集状态的影响?方法:97例脑梗死患者随机入组不同的抗血小板治疗组(阿司匹林治疗组?氯吡格雷治疗组?阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗组),在入院第1天(治疗前)和第10天采用流式细胞仪检测血小板CD62P?比浊法检测花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid,AA)诱导的血小板最大聚集率(MARAA)和二磷酸腺苷(adenosine diphosphate,ADP)诱导的血小板最大聚集率(MARADP)?结果:3组患者入院第1天CD62P?MARAA?MARADP无显著差异,治疗10 d后3组的CD62P?MARAA?MARADP值均下降,与入院第1天的CD62P?MARAA?MARADP值比较,差异有统计学意义?3组脑梗死患者血小板MARADP下降程度组间比较有差异,氯吡咯雷治组MARADP下降明显,阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷治疗组下降更明显?血小板MARAA?血小板CD62P下降程度组间比较无显著差异?结论:阿司匹林?氯吡格雷?阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷3种抗血小板治疗方法均能有效减少脑梗死急性期的血小板活化,降低血小板最大聚集率,提示临床治疗均有效;氯吡格雷和阿司匹林联合治疗更能抑制血小板的聚集,抗血小板疗效更好?     

血小板聚集功能在评估复发性脑梗死中的作用

目的:探讨血小板聚集功能对预测脑梗死复发的价值。方法:将380例脑梗死患者按照既往服用抗血小板药物情况分为阿司匹林组、氯吡格雷组和未预防组和为规范组,对其服用抗血小板药物和血小板聚集功能进行比较,并对其与脑卒中的复发进行比较。结果:服用阿司匹林主要表现为对花生四烯酸诱导的血小板聚集率的抑制,而氯吡格雷主要表现为对ADP诱导的血小板聚集的抑制。阿司匹林和氯吡格雷对血小板聚集功能的抑制可以显著减少脑梗死复发的风险,但两组患者均存在对血小板无显著抑制和复发脑梗死的患者。结论使用血小板聚集率可以有效评估阿司匹林、氯吡格雷的抗血小板聚集功能。     

氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后抗血小板疗效影响

目的:探讨氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗冠心病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后抗血小板疗效的影响。方法:选取行PCI手术的108例冠心病患者,所有研究者均给予氯吡格雷和阿司匹林联合抗血小板的治疗。在治疗前后分别分析联合抗血小板治疗对血小板计数、血小板聚集率的影响情况,统计皮疹、出血等并发症的发生率。结果:治疗前后患者的红细胞、白细胞及中性粒细胞百分比间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);患者治疗后1个月血小板聚集率、血小板计数明显降低,与治疗前比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:冠心病药物洗脱支架置入术后,氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林治疗冠心病患者PCI术后抗血小板具有较好的疗效。     

血小板聚集功能试验在冠心病抗血小板治疗监测中的应用

目的探讨冠心病患者在用药前后血小板最大聚集率变化,以指导临床用药。方法将120例冠心病患者分成3组：阿司匹林组、氯吡格雷组和联合用药组,分别接受阿司匹林、氯吡格雷以及两者联合治疗。用药前后测定其血小板最大聚集率。结果阿司匹林组与正常对照组及用药前比,花生四烯酸诱导途径诱导的血小板最大聚集率存在显著差异（P〈0.01）;氯吡格雷组二磷酸腺苷诱导途径存在显著差异（P〈0.01）;而两者联合用药组4种诱导途径均存在明显差异（P〈0.05）。结论阿司匹林或氯吡格雷仅可抑制单一途径诱导的血小板聚集,而联合用药对4个途径均有抑制作用,用药过程中进行监测可指导用药。     

氯吡格雷抵抗及应对措施的研究进展

随着社会的日益发展和人民的生活水平不断提高,脑血管疾病发病率也居高不下,给患者、家庭和社会带来沉重的压力与负担。在缺血性脑血管疾病中血小板活化、聚集起着重要作用,因此抗血小板聚集治疗担任着尤为关键的角色。但近些年来有研究发现,阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷抗血小板治疗中有部分对氯吡格雷的抗血小板作用无反应或低反应,导致缺血性脑卒中再次发作的风险大大增加,这种治疗效果的差异性被称为"氯吡格雷抵抗"。对于氯吡格雷抵抗的情况,调整抗血小板药物的使用变得尤为重要。本文就氯吡格雷抵抗的定义,发生机制及检测手段,和目前可能代替氯吡格雷的新型抗血小板药物进行了综述。     

冠心病患者应用氯吡格雷与阿司匹林的临床观察

目的 研究冠心病患者应用氯吡格雷与阿司匹林的疗效及安全性.方法 37例冠心病患者随机分为氯吡格雷组(50 mg/d)、阿司匹林组(75 mg/d),3个月后,观察患者治疗前后血小板聚集率及凝血3项的变化.结果 与治疗前相比,部分凝血酶原时间(PT)与凝血酶原活动度(PA)变化均不显著,无统计学意义(P>0.05);而活化部分凝血酶时间(APTF)两组治疗后均出现升高,变化有显著性差异;两组间在治疗前后血小板聚集率(PAG)均出现降低,但氯吡格雷组PAG降低比阿司匹林组的降低更显著(P<0.05).结论 冠心病患者应用氯吡格雷与阿司匹林均能起到抗血小板聚集效果,氯吡格雷效果优于阿司匹林.     

3种抗血小板方案在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后早期的应用比较

目的通过前瞻性随机研究,比较3种抗血小板治疗方案(阿司匹林、氯吡格雷及阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷)在非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)术后早期对患者的影响。方法从2009年6月～2010年3月期间,按纳入及排除标准选取在笔者医院行OPCAB手术的180名患者。随机分为3组,每组60例,分别口服3种抗血小板方案,比较3组术后早期凝血功能、引流量、血小板数量和功能、中性粒细胞百分比等方面的变化情况。结果 3组之间在术后引流量、凝血功能(术后第10天)、血小板数量(术后第5天、10天)、血小板聚集率(术后第5天)、中性粒细胞百分比(术后第10天)方面均无显著差异,术后第10天联合用药组的血小板聚集率显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。结论单用氯吡格雷或阿氯联用在OPCAB术后早期的应用均较安全。在术后第10天,阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷组对血小板聚集率的抑制作用显著强于单用一种药物。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.